双花耳草Hedyotis biflora (Linn.) Lam.
双花耳草Hedyotis biflora (Linn.) Lam.
60. 双花耳草（海南植物志）
Hedyotis biflora (Linn.) Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 272. 1792; 海南植物志 3: 308. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 218, 图5849. 1975. Hara et Gould in et al. Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal 2: 202. 1979.——Oldenlandia biflora Linn. Sp. Pl. 119. 1753; Hook f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 70. 1880.——O. paniculata Linn. Sp. Pl. ed, 2, 1667. 1763; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 152. 1861; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 69. 1880, RP. ; Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 3: 153. 1923. ——H. racemosa Lam. Encycl. 3: 80. 1789; J. M. Chao in Li, Fl. Taiwan 4: 278. 1978. ——O. crassifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 427. 1830; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 192. 1857.
一年生无毛柔弱草本，高10-50厘米，直立或蔓生，通常多分枝；茎方柱形，稍肉质，后变圆柱形，灰色。叶对生，肉质，干后膜质，长圆形或椭圆状卵形，长1-4厘米，宽3-10毫米，顶端短尖或渐尖，基部楔形或下延；侧脉不明显；叶柄长2-5毫米；托叶膜质，长2毫米，基部合生，顶端芒尖。花序近顶生或生于上部叶腋，有花3-8朵，有时排成圆锥花序式，有长8-18毫米的总花梗，并具长2-3毫米、披针形的苞片；花4数，具纤细、长6-10毫米的花梗；萼管陀螺形，长1-1.2毫米，萼檐裂片近三角形，长0.5毫米，顶端短尖；花冠管形，长2.2-2.5毫米，冠管极短，长仅1毫米，喉部被疏长毛，花冠裂片长圆形，长1.2-1.5毫米，顶端短尖；雄蕊生于冠管内，无花丝，花药内藏，椭圆形，长0.3-0.5毫米；花柱长0.8-1毫米，中部以上被毛，柱头2浅裂。蒴果膜质，陀螺形，直径2.5-3毫米，有2或4条凸起的纵棱，宿存萼檐裂片小而明显，成熟时室背开裂；种子多数，干时黑色，有窝孔。花期1-7月。
产于广东、广西、云南、江苏、台湾等省区；生于石灰岩地，少见。国外分布于越南、印度、马来西亚、印度尼西亚至波利尼西亚。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Hedyotis biflora (Linnaeus) Lamarck Tabl. Encycl. 1: 272. 1792.
双花耳草 shuang hua er cao
Oldenlandia biflora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 119. 1753; Hedyotis paniculata (Linnaeus) Lamarck; H. racemosa Lamarck; O. crassifolia Candolle; O. paniculata Linnaeus.
Herbs, annual or perennial, erect to procumbent, to 15(-30) cm tall; stems 4-angled to subterete and/or sulcate, glabrous. Leaves subsessile to petiolate; petiole to 0.5 cm, glabrous; blade drying papery to subleathery, elliptic-oblong, elliptic-ovate, obovate, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 1-4 × 0.3-1 mm, glabrous, base acute to obtuse then abruptly decurrent, apex acute to rounded; secondary veins indistinct; stipules fused to petioles, triangular, 1-2 mm, glabrous, usually costate, acute to long acuminate. Inflorescences terminal and in axils of uppermost leaves, cymose to compound-cymose, 1-6 cm, glabrous, 2-12-flowered, pedunculate; peduncles 0.5-3 cm; bracts triangular to lanceolate, 0.5-3 mm; pedicels 0.5-10 mm. Flowers subsessile to pedicellate, apparently distylous. Calyx glabrous; hypanthium portion turbinate, 0.5-1 mm; limb lobed essentially to base; lobes triangular, 0.3-1 mm. Corolla white, sometimes flushed with lavender, tubular to somewhat urceolate, outside glabrous or puberulent in lines; tube 1.2-2 mm, barbate in throat; lobes spatulate-oblong, 1-1.5 mm. Anthers included or exserted, 0.3-0.5 mm. Stigma exserted or apparently included, ca. 0.2 mm. Fruit capsular, subglobose, oblate, or hemispherical, 2.5-3 mm in diam., loculicidally dehiscent across top, beak 0.5-1 mm high, pedicels usually elongating; seeds numerous, black, foveolate. Fl. and fr. Jan-Sep.
Limestone mountains, coastal areas, weedy fields, wastelands; sea level to 1200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangsu, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Vietnam; SE Asia to Pacific islands].
The circumscription and name of this species is controversial or, at best, complicated. These are small herbs of ruderal sites and thus probably respond markedly to local conditions, in particular growing to a larger size with larger leaves, inflorescences, and fruit in sites with better conditions. Similar species that have been variously synonymized but are separated here include Hedyotis strigulosa and H. pterita; see further discussion under H. strigulosa. Alternatively Biju et al. (Rheedea 2(1): 11-18. 1992) separated H. biflora from H. racemosa (syn. Oldenlandia paniculata); their treatment is carefully done but regional, and because their key does not correspond well with the Chinese plants, their conclusions are not accepted here.The circumscription and name of this species is controversial or, at best, complicated. These are small herbs of ruderal sites and thus probably respond markedly to local conditions, in particular growing to a larger size with larger leaves, inflorescences, and fruit in sites with better conditions. Similar species that have been variously synonymized but are separated here include Hedyotis strigulosa and H. pterita; see further discussion under H. strigulosa. Alternatively Biju et al. (Rheedea 2(1): 11-18. 1992) separated H. biflora from H. racemosa (syn. Oldenlandia paniculata); their treatment is carefully done but regional, and because their key does not correspond well with the Chinese plants, their conclusions are not accepted here.
别名：二花耳草;日涨拱;鹌鹑利;毒骨蛇;
科名：茜草科 Rubiaceae
属名：耳草属 Hedyotis
60. 双花耳草（海南植物志）
Hedyotis biflora (Linn.) Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 272. 1792; 海南植物志 3: 308. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 218, 图5849. 1975. Hara et Gould in et al. Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal 2: 202. 1979.——Oldenlandia biflora Linn. Sp. Pl. 119. 1753; Hook f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 70. 1880.——O. paniculata Linn. Sp. Pl. ed, 2, 1667. 1763; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 152. 1861; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 69. 1880, RP. ; Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 3: 153. 1923. ——H. racemosa Lam. Encycl. 3: 80. 1789; J. M. Chao in Li, Fl. Taiwan 4: 278. 1978. ——O. crassifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 427. 1830; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 192. 1857.
一年生无毛柔弱草本，高10-50厘米，直立或蔓生，通常多分枝；茎方柱形，稍肉质，后变圆柱形，灰色。叶对生，肉质，干后膜质，长圆形或椭圆状卵形，长1-4厘米，宽3-10毫米，顶端短尖或渐尖，基部楔形或下延；侧脉不明显；叶柄长2-5毫米；托叶膜质，长2毫米，基部合生，顶端芒尖。花序近顶生或生于上部叶腋，有花3-8朵，有时排成圆锥花序式，有长8-18毫米的总花梗，并具长2-3毫米、披针形的苞片；花4数，具纤细、长6-10毫米的花梗；萼管陀螺形，长1-1.2毫米，萼檐裂片近三角形，长0.5毫米，顶端短尖；花冠管形，长2.2-2.5毫米，冠管极短，长仅1毫米，喉部被疏长毛，花冠裂片长圆形，长1.2-1.5毫米，顶端短尖；雄蕊生于冠管内，无花丝，花药内藏，椭圆形，长0.3-0.5毫米；花柱长0.8-1毫米，中部以上被毛，柱头2浅裂。蒴果膜质，陀螺形，直径2.5-3毫米，有2或4条凸起的纵棱，宿存萼檐裂片小而明显，成熟时室背开裂；种子多数，干时黑色，有窝孔。花期1-7月。
产于广东、广西、云南、江苏、台湾等省区；生于石灰岩地，少见。国外分布于越南、印度、马来西亚、印度尼西亚至波利尼西亚。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Hedyotis biflora (Linnaeus) Lamarck Tabl. Encycl. 1: 272. 1792.
双花耳草 shuang hua er cao
Oldenlandia biflora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 119. 1753; Hedyotis paniculata (Linnaeus) Lamarck; H. racemosa Lamarck; O. crassifolia Candolle; O. paniculata Linnaeus.
Herbs, annual or perennial, erect to procumbent, to 15(-30) cm tall; stems 4-angled to subterete and/or sulcate, glabrous. Leaves subsessile to petiolate; petiole to 0.5 cm, glabrous; blade drying papery to subleathery, elliptic-oblong, elliptic-ovate, obovate, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 1-4 × 0.3-1 mm, glabrous, base acute to obtuse then abruptly decurrent, apex acute to rounded; secondary veins indistinct; stipules fused to petioles, triangular, 1-2 mm, glabrous, usually costate, acute to long acuminate. Inflorescences terminal and in axils of uppermost leaves, cymose to compound-cymose, 1-6 cm, glabrous, 2-12-flowered, pedunculate; peduncles 0.5-3 cm; bracts triangular to lanceolate, 0.5-3 mm; pedicels 0.5-10 mm. Flowers subsessile to pedicellate, apparently distylous. Calyx glabrous; hypanthium portion turbinate, 0.5-1 mm; limb lobed essentially to base; lobes triangular, 0.3-1 mm. Corolla white, sometimes flushed with lavender, tubular to somewhat urceolate, outside glabrous or puberulent in lines; tube 1.2-2 mm, barbate in throat; lobes spatulate-oblong, 1-1.5 mm. Anthers included or exserted, 0.3-0.5 mm. Stigma exserted or apparently included, ca. 0.2 mm. Fruit capsular, subglobose, oblate, or hemispherical, 2.5-3 mm in diam., loculicidally dehiscent across top, beak 0.5-1 mm high, pedicels usually elongating; seeds numerous, black, foveolate. Fl. and fr. Jan-Sep.
Limestone mountains, coastal areas, weedy fields, wastelands; sea level to 1200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangsu, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Vietnam; SE Asia to Pacific islands].
The circumscription and name of this species is controversial or, at best, complicated. These are small herbs of ruderal sites and thus probably respond markedly to local conditions, in particular growing to a larger size with larger leaves, inflorescences, and fruit in sites with better conditions. Similar species that have been variously synonymized but are separated here include Hedyotis strigulosa and H. pterita; see further discussion under H. strigulosa. Alternatively Biju et al. (Rheedea 2(1): 11-18. 1992) separated H. biflora from H. racemosa (syn. Oldenlandia paniculata); their treatment is carefully done but regional, and because their key does not correspond well with the Chinese plants, their conclusions are not accepted here.The circumscription and name of this species is controversial or, at best, complicated. These are small herbs of ruderal sites and thus probably respond markedly to local conditions, in particular growing to a larger size with larger leaves, inflorescences, and fruit in sites with better conditions. Similar species that have been variously synonymized but are separated here include Hedyotis strigulosa and H. pterita; see further discussion under H. strigulosa. Alternatively Biju et al. (Rheedea 2(1): 11-18. 1992) separated H. biflora from H. racemosa (syn. Oldenlandia paniculata); their treatment is carefully done but regional, and because their key does not correspond well with the Chinese plants, their conclusions are not accepted here.