金草Hedyotis acutangula Champ.
金草Hedyotis acutangula Champ.
19. 金草（海南植物志）图版9: 5-9
Hedyotis acutangula Champ. ex Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. 4: 171. 1852; Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 382, t. 85. 1856; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 148. 1861; Maxim Mel. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 11: 782. 1883; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 372. 1888; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Add. Ser. 10: 127. 1912; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 9: 44. 1930; 海南植物志3: 303. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 216, 图5845. 1975. ——Oldenlandia acutangula (Champ. ex Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 292. 1891.
直立、无毛、通常亚灌木状草本，高25-60厘米，基部木质；茎方柱形，有4棱或具翅。叶对生，无柄或近无柄，革质，卵状披针形或披针形，长5-12厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，顶端短尖或短渐尖，基部圆形或楔形；中脉明显，侧脉和网脉均不明显；托叶卵形或三角形，长3-5毫米，干后常外反，全缘或具小腺齿。聚伞花序复作圆锥花序式或伞房花序式排列，顶生，分枝具棱或具翅；苞片披针形，广展；花4数，白色，无梗，萼管陀螺形，长约1毫米，萼檐裂片卵形，比萼管短；花冠长约5毫米，冠管长2.2-3毫米，喉部略扩大，中部以上被绒毛；花冠裂片卵状披针形，稍短于管或与管等长；雄蕊生于冠管喉部，内藏，无花丝或花丝极短，花药线状长圆形，两端截平；花柱与花冠近等长，被粉末状柔毛，柱头2裂，裂片近椭圆形，粗糙。蒴果倒卵形，长2-2.5毫米，直径1-1.2毫米，顶部平或微凸，宿存萼檐裂片长约0.5毫米，成熟时开裂为2个果爿，果爿腹部直裂，内有种子数粒；种子近圆形，具棱，干后黑色。花期5-8月。
产于广东、海南和香港等地；生于低海拔的山坡或旷地上。本种在广东和香港极为常见，但在海南则只见于万宁县，植株不多。国外分布于越南。模式标本采自香港。
全株入药，有清热解毒和利水之效，对淋病、赤浊亦有一定疗效。据1967年再版的《中兽医常用手册》记载，本植物治疗猪丹毒效果良好。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Hedyotis acutangula Champion ex Bentham Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 171. 1852.
金草 jin cao
Oldenlandia acutangula (Champion ex Bentham) Kuntze.
Herbs or subshrubs, apparently biennial or perennial, erect, 25-60 cm tall; stems sometimes slightly constricted at nodes, 4-angled to 4-winged, wings to 1.5 mm wide. Leaves sessile or subsessile; blade drying stiffly papery to leathery, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, elliptic, or lanceolate-elliptic, 2-12 × 0.5-2.5 cm, glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, margins thickened, often inrolled, sometimes glandular-serrulate, apex acute or shortly acuminate; secondary veins indistinct; stipules fused to petiole bases, ovate or triangular, 1.5-5 mm, glabrous, margins often becoming revolute, entire or glandular-serrulate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, in axils of uppermost leaves, and occasionally also axillary or pseudoaxillary at lower nodes, paniculate or corymbose, 3-20 cm, many flowered, glabrous, pedunculate; peduncle 2-8 cm; axes dichasial, sharply 4-angled to thinly 4-winged; bracts triangular to lanceolate and 0.3-5 mm, or leaflike and larger. Flowers sessile, distylous. Calyx glabrous; hypanthium portion turbinate to ellipsoid, 0.8-1 mm; limb lobed nearly to base; lobes ovate, triangular, or lanceolate, 0.8-1.2 mm. Corolla white to pink, funnelform, outside glabrous; tube 2.2-3.5 mm, inside tomentose above middle; lobes ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. Anthers included or exserted, ca. 1 mm. Stigma included or exserted, 0.5-1 mm. Fruit capsular, obovoid to ellipsoid, 2-2.5 × 1-1.2 mm, glabrous, leathery, apically flat or with beak to 0.3 mm, septicidal and then loculicidal along middle of septum; seeds several, black, suborbicular, angled. Fl. May-Dec, fr. Jun-Dec.
Hill slopes, open fields; near sea level to 600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan (Wanning) [N Thailand, Vietnam].
Deb and Dutta (Taxon 34: 296-297. 1985) briefly discussed this species and formally synonymized Hedyotis elegans Wallich ex Kurz with it; however, they gave no characters or discussion of either species and gave its range as "Burma and Malaysia" even though its type is from Hong Kong, so their conclusions are provisionally not included here.Deb and Dutta (Taxon 34: 296-297. 1985) briefly discussed this species and formally synonymized Hedyotis elegans Wallich ex Kurz with it; however, they gave no characters or discussion of either species and gave its range as "Burma and Malaysia" even though its type is from Hong Kong, so their conclusions are provisionally not included here.
【拼音名】 Jīn Cǎo
【别名】 糖果草、白莲花、竹叶草、牛脷草
【来源】 药材基源：茜草科植物金草的全草。
拉丁植物动物矿物名：Hedyotis acutangula Champ.ex Benth.[Oldenlandia acutangula (Champ.ex Benth.)O.Kuntze]
采收和储藏：春、夏季采收，晒干。
【原形态】 金草 又名：猪粉草、甜仔茶、三捻草《海南植物志》灌木状草本，高25-60cm。基部木质；茎几乎不分枝，锐四棱柱形或具翅。叶对生；近无柄；叶片革质，卵状披针形或披针形，长5-12cm，宽1.5-2.5cm，先端急尖或长渐尖，基部圆或楔形，两面无毛，聚伞花序顶生，常为圆锥花序式或近伞房花序状排列，分枝具棱或翅；苞片披针形，广展；无花梗；萼筒陀螺状，长约1mm，顶部4裂，裂片卵形，短于萼筒；花冠白色，筒状，长约4mm，喉部稍扩大，先端4裂，裂片披针形；雄蕊生于花冠管喉部，内藏；花柱与花冠近等长，柱头2裂，粗糙。蒴果倒卵形，长2-2.5mm，径1-1.2mm，先端平或微凸起，具宿存萼裂片，两瓣开裂。种子数枚，近椭圆形，有棱。花期夏未秋初。
【生境分布】 生态环境：生于山坡、灌丛中。
资源分布：分布于广东、海南、香港、广西。
【化学成份】 茎叶含山柑子萜酮(arborinone)，异山柑子萜醇(isoarborinol)，计曼尼醇(genmanicol)，蒲公英赛醇(taraxerol)，古柯二醇(eryihrodiol)， 12-齐墩果烯-3β， 28， 29-三醇(olean-l2-ene-3β， 28，29-triol)，齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid)，熊果酸(ursolicacid)，豆甾醇(stiginasterol)及谷甾醇(siiOsierol)m。 根含耳草根碱(hedyotine)，根茎含耳草碱(auricularine)。
【性味】 甘；微苦；凉
【功能主治】 清热解毒；利尿。主肝炎；咽喉肿痛；目赤肿痛；尿路感染
【用法用量】 内服：煎汤，10-15g。
【摘录】 《中华本草》
别名：方骨草;三捻草;猪粉草;甜仔茶;
科名：茜草科 Rubiaceae
属名：耳草属 Hedyotis
19. 金草（海南植物志）图版9: 5-9
Hedyotis acutangula Champ. ex Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. 4: 171. 1852; Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 382, t. 85. 1856; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 148. 1861; Maxim Mel. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 11: 782. 1883; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 372. 1888; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Add. Ser. 10: 127. 1912; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 9: 44. 1930; 海南植物志3: 303. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 216, 图5845. 1975. ——Oldenlandia acutangula (Champ. ex Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 292. 1891.
直立、无毛、通常亚灌木状草本，高25-60厘米，基部木质；茎方柱形，有4棱或具翅。叶对生，无柄或近无柄，革质，卵状披针形或披针形，长5-12厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，顶端短尖或短渐尖，基部圆形或楔形；中脉明显，侧脉和网脉均不明显；托叶卵形或三角形，长3-5毫米，干后常外反，全缘或具小腺齿。聚伞花序复作圆锥花序式或伞房花序式排列，顶生，分枝具棱或具翅；苞片披针形，广展；花4数，白色，无梗，萼管陀螺形，长约1毫米，萼檐裂片卵形，比萼管短；花冠长约5毫米，冠管长2.2-3毫米，喉部略扩大，中部以上被绒毛；花冠裂片卵状披针形，稍短于管或与管等长；雄蕊生于冠管喉部，内藏，无花丝或花丝极短，花药线状长圆形，两端截平；花柱与花冠近等长，被粉末状柔毛，柱头2裂，裂片近椭圆形，粗糙。蒴果倒卵形，长2-2.5毫米，直径1-1.2毫米，顶部平或微凸，宿存萼檐裂片长约0.5毫米，成熟时开裂为2个果爿，果爿腹部直裂，内有种子数粒；种子近圆形，具棱，干后黑色。花期5-8月。
产于广东、海南和香港等地；生于低海拔的山坡或旷地上。本种在广东和香港极为常见，但在海南则只见于万宁县，植株不多。国外分布于越南。模式标本采自香港。
全株入药，有清热解毒和利水之效，对淋病、赤浊亦有一定疗效。据1967年再版的《中兽医常用手册》记载，本植物治疗猪丹毒效果良好。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Hedyotis acutangula Champion ex Bentham Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 171. 1852.
金草 jin cao
Oldenlandia acutangula (Champion ex Bentham) Kuntze.
Herbs or subshrubs, apparently biennial or perennial, erect, 25-60 cm tall; stems sometimes slightly constricted at nodes, 4-angled to 4-winged, wings to 1.5 mm wide. Leaves sessile or subsessile; blade drying stiffly papery to leathery, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, elliptic, or lanceolate-elliptic, 2-12 × 0.5-2.5 cm, glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, margins thickened, often inrolled, sometimes glandular-serrulate, apex acute or shortly acuminate; secondary veins indistinct; stipules fused to petiole bases, ovate or triangular, 1.5-5 mm, glabrous, margins often becoming revolute, entire or glandular-serrulate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, in axils of uppermost leaves, and occasionally also axillary or pseudoaxillary at lower nodes, paniculate or corymbose, 3-20 cm, many flowered, glabrous, pedunculate; peduncle 2-8 cm; axes dichasial, sharply 4-angled to thinly 4-winged; bracts triangular to lanceolate and 0.3-5 mm, or leaflike and larger. Flowers sessile, distylous. Calyx glabrous; hypanthium portion turbinate to ellipsoid, 0.8-1 mm; limb lobed nearly to base; lobes ovate, triangular, or lanceolate, 0.8-1.2 mm. Corolla white to pink, funnelform, outside glabrous; tube 2.2-3.5 mm, inside tomentose above middle; lobes ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. Anthers included or exserted, ca. 1 mm. Stigma included or exserted, 0.5-1 mm. Fruit capsular, obovoid to ellipsoid, 2-2.5 × 1-1.2 mm, glabrous, leathery, apically flat or with beak to 0.3 mm, septicidal and then loculicidal along middle of septum; seeds several, black, suborbicular, angled. Fl. May-Dec, fr. Jun-Dec.
Hill slopes, open fields; near sea level to 600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan (Wanning) [N Thailand, Vietnam].
Deb and Dutta (Taxon 34: 296-297. 1985) briefly discussed this species and formally synonymized Hedyotis elegans Wallich ex Kurz with it; however, they gave no characters or discussion of either species and gave its range as "Burma and Malaysia" even though its type is from Hong Kong, so their conclusions are provisionally not included here.Deb and Dutta (Taxon 34: 296-297. 1985) briefly discussed this species and formally synonymized Hedyotis elegans Wallich ex Kurz with it; however, they gave no characters or discussion of either species and gave its range as "Burma and Malaysia" even though its type is from Hong Kong, so their conclusions are provisionally not included here.
【拼音名】 Jīn Cǎo
【别名】 糖果草、白莲花、竹叶草、牛脷草
【来源】 药材基源：茜草科植物金草的全草。
拉丁植物动物矿物名：Hedyotis acutangula Champ.ex Benth.[Oldenlandia acutangula (Champ.ex Benth.)O.Kuntze]
采收和储藏：春、夏季采收，晒干。
【原形态】 金草 又名：猪粉草、甜仔茶、三捻草《海南植物志》灌木状草本，高25-60cm。基部木质；茎几乎不分枝，锐四棱柱形或具翅。叶对生；近无柄；叶片革质，卵状披针形或披针形，长5-12cm，宽1.5-2.5cm，先端急尖或长渐尖，基部圆或楔形，两面无毛，聚伞花序顶生，常为圆锥花序式或近伞房花序状排列，分枝具棱或翅；苞片披针形，广展；无花梗；萼筒陀螺状，长约1mm，顶部4裂，裂片卵形，短于萼筒；花冠白色，筒状，长约4mm，喉部稍扩大，先端4裂，裂片披针形；雄蕊生于花冠管喉部，内藏；花柱与花冠近等长，柱头2裂，粗糙。蒴果倒卵形，长2-2.5mm，径1-1.2mm，先端平或微凸起，具宿存萼裂片，两瓣开裂。种子数枚，近椭圆形，有棱。花期夏未秋初。
【生境分布】 生态环境：生于山坡、灌丛中。
资源分布：分布于广东、海南、香港、广西。
【化学成份】 茎叶含山柑子萜酮(arborinone)，异山柑子萜醇(isoarborinol)，计曼尼醇(genmanicol)，蒲公英赛醇(taraxerol)，古柯二醇(eryihrodiol)， 12-齐墩果烯-3β， 28， 29-三醇(olean-l2-ene-3β， 28，29-triol)，齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid)，熊果酸(ursolicacid)，豆甾醇(stiginasterol)及谷甾醇(siiOsierol)m。 根含耳草根碱(hedyotine)，根茎含耳草碱(auricularine)。
【性味】 甘；微苦；凉
【功能主治】 清热解毒；利尿。主肝炎；咽喉肿痛；目赤肿痛；尿路感染
【用法用量】 内服：煎汤，10-15g。
【摘录】 《中华本草》