海岸桐Guettarda speciosa Linn.
海岸桐Guettarda speciosa Linn.
1．海岸桐（海南植物志）图版5
Guettarda speciosa Linn. Sp. Pl. 991. 1753; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 126. 1880; Pitard in Lecomte Fl. Gen. Indo-chine 3: 282. fig. 23. 1923; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 9: 43. 1930; Li. Woody Fl. Taiwan 852. fig. 344. 1963; 海南植物志3: 338, 图755. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 251, 图5916. 1975; 台湾植物志 4: 269. 1978; C. E. Chang in Journ. Phytogeography Taxon. 29 (1): 18. 1984.
常绿小乔木，高3-5米，罕有高达8米；树皮黑色，光滑；小枝粗壮，交互对生，有明显的皮孔，被脱落的茸毛。叶对生，薄纸质，阔倒卵形或广椭圆形，长11-15(-20)厘米，宽8-11(-18)厘米，顶端急尖，钝或圆形，基部渐狭，上面无毛或近无毛，下面薄被疏柔毛；侧脉每边7-11条，疏离，近边缘处与横生小脉连结或彼此相连；叶柄粗厚，长2-5厘米，被毛；托叶生在叶柄间，早落，卵形或披针形，长约8毫米，略被毛。聚伞花序常生于已落叶的叶腋内，有短而广展、二叉状的分枝，分枝密被茸毛；总花梗长5-7厘米，近无毛；花无梗或具极短的梗，芳香，密集于分枝的一侧，密被干后变黄色的茸毛；萼管杯形，长2-2.5毫米，萼檐管形，截平；花冠白色，盛开时长3.5-4厘米，管狭长，顶端7-8裂，裂片倒卵形，长约1厘米，顶端急尖；花丝极短；子房室狭小，花柱纤细，柱头头状。核果幼时被毛，扁球形，直径2-3厘米，有纤维质的中果皮；种子小，弯曲。花期4-7月。
产台湾、海南。分布于热带海岸。生于海岸砂地的灌丛边缘。
本种是滨海潮汐的树种之一，普遍生长在热带海岸，尤以马来半岛东部和西部生长茂密。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Guettarda speciosa Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 991. 1753.
海岸桐 hai an tong
Small trees, 3-8 m tall; bark becoming black, smooth or often lenticellate; branchlets rather stout, densely strigillose to velutinous-tomentulose usually becoming glabrescent. Petiole stout, 1.5-5 cm, densely strigillose or velutinous; leaf blade drying thinly to stiffly papery, broadly obovate or broadly elliptic, 11-20 × 8-18 cm, adaxially glabrescent, usually shiny, and often rugulose, abaxially densely tomentulose or strigillose to glabrescent, base obtuse, rounded, subcordate, or shortly cordate, apex obtuse or rounded sometimes with a short tip 3-5 mm; secondary veins 7-11 pairs, weakly but regularly looping to connect; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 6-11 mm, moderately to densely strigillose to strigose sometimes becoming glabrescent, obtuse to rounded. Inflorescences produced in with or often below leaves, subcapitate to congested-cymose, densely velutinous-tomentulose; peduncles 3-12 cm; branched portion 1.5-3 × 2-3.5 cm, axes scorpioid; bracts ovate, 5-7 mm, caducous. Flowers sessile. Calyx densely velutinous-tomentulose to strigillose; ovary portion obconic to cupulate, 2-2.5 mm; limb tubular, 2-3.5 mm, truncate. Corolla white, outside densely velutinous-tomentulose to strigillose; tube 2.5-3 cm, inside glabrous except sericeous in throat; lobes 7 or 8, obovate, 8-10 mm, obtuse to rounded. Drupes apparently green at maturity, oblate, 2-3 cm in diam., sparsely strigillose or tomentulose to eventually glabrescent; pyrene included in fibrous mesocarp. Fl. Apr-Jul.
Thickets on sandy and limestone coasts; sea level to near sea level. Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan [Borneo, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand; coastal E Africa, Australia, Madagascar, Pacific islands].
The flowers are nocturnal and open for only one night (Puff et al., Rubiaceae of Thailand, 130. 2005). The fruit of this species float and are dispersed by water, and apparently they are green when mature. This species is known to be distylous in Polynesia and E Africa (Bridson & Verdcourt, Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Rub. (Pt. 2), 416. 1988).The flowers are nocturnal and open for only one night (Puff et al., Rubiaceae of Thailand, 130. 2005). The fruit of this species float and are dispersed by water, and apparently they are green when mature. This species is known to be distylous in Polynesia and E Africa (Bridson & Verdcourt, Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Rub. (Pt. 2), 416. 1988).
别名：黑皮树;山枇杷;葛塔德木;
科名：茜草科 Rubiaceae
属名：海岸桐属 Guettarda
1．海岸桐（海南植物志）图版5
Guettarda speciosa Linn. Sp. Pl. 991. 1753; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 126. 1880; Pitard in Lecomte Fl. Gen. Indo-chine 3: 282. fig. 23. 1923; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 9: 43. 1930; Li. Woody Fl. Taiwan 852. fig. 344. 1963; 海南植物志3: 338, 图755. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 251, 图5916. 1975; 台湾植物志 4: 269. 1978; C. E. Chang in Journ. Phytogeography Taxon. 29 (1): 18. 1984.
常绿小乔木，高3-5米，罕有高达8米；树皮黑色，光滑；小枝粗壮，交互对生，有明显的皮孔，被脱落的茸毛。叶对生，薄纸质，阔倒卵形或广椭圆形，长11-15(-20)厘米，宽8-11(-18)厘米，顶端急尖，钝或圆形，基部渐狭，上面无毛或近无毛，下面薄被疏柔毛；侧脉每边7-11条，疏离，近边缘处与横生小脉连结或彼此相连；叶柄粗厚，长2-5厘米，被毛；托叶生在叶柄间，早落，卵形或披针形，长约8毫米，略被毛。聚伞花序常生于已落叶的叶腋内，有短而广展、二叉状的分枝，分枝密被茸毛；总花梗长5-7厘米，近无毛；花无梗或具极短的梗，芳香，密集于分枝的一侧，密被干后变黄色的茸毛；萼管杯形，长2-2.5毫米，萼檐管形，截平；花冠白色，盛开时长3.5-4厘米，管狭长，顶端7-8裂，裂片倒卵形，长约1厘米，顶端急尖；花丝极短；子房室狭小，花柱纤细，柱头头状。核果幼时被毛，扁球形，直径2-3厘米，有纤维质的中果皮；种子小，弯曲。花期4-7月。
产台湾、海南。分布于热带海岸。生于海岸砂地的灌丛边缘。
本种是滨海潮汐的树种之一，普遍生长在热带海岸，尤以马来半岛东部和西部生长茂密。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Guettarda speciosa Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 991. 1753.
海岸桐 hai an tong
Small trees, 3-8 m tall; bark becoming black, smooth or often lenticellate; branchlets rather stout, densely strigillose to velutinous-tomentulose usually becoming glabrescent. Petiole stout, 1.5-5 cm, densely strigillose or velutinous; leaf blade drying thinly to stiffly papery, broadly obovate or broadly elliptic, 11-20 × 8-18 cm, adaxially glabrescent, usually shiny, and often rugulose, abaxially densely tomentulose or strigillose to glabrescent, base obtuse, rounded, subcordate, or shortly cordate, apex obtuse or rounded sometimes with a short tip 3-5 mm; secondary veins 7-11 pairs, weakly but regularly looping to connect; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 6-11 mm, moderately to densely strigillose to strigose sometimes becoming glabrescent, obtuse to rounded. Inflorescences produced in with or often below leaves, subcapitate to congested-cymose, densely velutinous-tomentulose; peduncles 3-12 cm; branched portion 1.5-3 × 2-3.5 cm, axes scorpioid; bracts ovate, 5-7 mm, caducous. Flowers sessile. Calyx densely velutinous-tomentulose to strigillose; ovary portion obconic to cupulate, 2-2.5 mm; limb tubular, 2-3.5 mm, truncate. Corolla white, outside densely velutinous-tomentulose to strigillose; tube 2.5-3 cm, inside glabrous except sericeous in throat; lobes 7 or 8, obovate, 8-10 mm, obtuse to rounded. Drupes apparently green at maturity, oblate, 2-3 cm in diam., sparsely strigillose or tomentulose to eventually glabrescent; pyrene included in fibrous mesocarp. Fl. Apr-Jul.
Thickets on sandy and limestone coasts; sea level to near sea level. Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan [Borneo, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand; coastal E Africa, Australia, Madagascar, Pacific islands].
The flowers are nocturnal and open for only one night (Puff et al., Rubiaceae of Thailand, 130. 2005). The fruit of this species float and are dispersed by water, and apparently they are green when mature. This species is known to be distylous in Polynesia and E Africa (Bridson & Verdcourt, Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Rub. (Pt. 2), 416. 1988).The flowers are nocturnal and open for only one night (Puff et al., Rubiaceae of Thailand, 130. 2005). The fruit of this species float and are dispersed by water, and apparently they are green when mature. This species is known to be distylous in Polynesia and E Africa (Bridson & Verdcourt, Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Rub. (Pt. 2), 416. 1988).