风箱树Cephalanthus tetrandrus (Roxb.) Ridsd. et Badh. F.
风箱树Cephalanthus tetrandrus (Roxb.) Ridsd. et Badh. F.
1. 风箱树（四川）水杨梅（广东）、马烟树（海南）图版：75
Cephalanthus tetrandrus (Roxb.) Ridsd. et Bakh. f. in Blumea 23 (1): 182. 1976. ——Nauclea tetrandra Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 2: 125. 1824 et Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 1: 516. 1832. ——Cephalanthus naucleoides DC. Prodr. 4: 539. 1830; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 24. 1880; Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 3: 31. 1922, pro parte; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 846, fig. 341. 1963. ——C. occidentalis auct. non Linn.: Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 67. 1790; Havil. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 33: 38. 1897; Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 2: 79. 1912; Chung in Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 236. 1924; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 173. 1927; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学1126, 图1014. 1937; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1019. 1936; How in Sunyatsenia 6: 235. 1946; 广州植物志509. 1956; Steward, Man. Vasc. Pl. Low. Yangtze China 367. 1958; 海南植物志3: 329, 图751. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 192, 图5780. 1975.——C. glabrifolius Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 9: 51. 1920. ——C. ratoensis Hayata, l. c. 52.
落叶灌木或小乔木，高1-5米；嫩枝近四棱柱形，被短柔毛，老枝圆柱形，褐色，无毛。叶对生或轮生，近革质，卵形至卵状披针形，长10-15厘米，宽3-5厘米，顶端短尖，基部圆形至近心形，上面无毛至疏被短柔毛，下面无毛或密被柔毛；侧脉8-12对，脉腋常有毛窝；叶柄长5-10毫米，被毛或近无毛；托叶阔卵形，长3-5毫米，顶部骤尖，常有一黑色腺体。头状花序不计花冠直径8-12毫米，顶生或腋生，总花梗长2.5-6厘米，不分枝或有2-3分枝，有毛；小苞片棒形至棒状匙形；花萼管长2-3毫米，疏被短柔毛，基部常有柔毛，萼裂片4，顶端钝，密被短柔毛，边缘裂口处常有黑色腺体1枚；花冠白色，花冠管长7-12毫米，外面无毛，内面有短柔毛，花冠裂片长圆形，裂口处通常有1枚黑色腺体；柱头棒形，伸出于花冠外。果序直径10-20毫米；坚果长4-6毫米，顶部有宿存萼檐；种子褐色，具翅状苍白色假种皮。花期春末夏初。
产于广东、海南、广西、湖南、福建、江西、浙江、台湾；喜生于略阴蔽的水沟旁或溪畔。国外分布于印度、锡金、孟加拉国、缅甸、泰国、老挝和越南北部。
木材做担杆和农具。根和花序药用，有清热利湿、收敛止泻、祛痰止咳之效，治感冒发热、咽喉肿痛、肠炎腹泻等。又可栽培作护堤植物。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Cephalanthus tetrandrus (Roxburgh) Ridsdale & Bak-huizen f. Blumea. 23: 182. 1976.
风箱树 feng xiang shu
Nauclea tetrandra Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 125. 1824; Cephalanthus glabrifolius Hayata; C. naucleoides Candolle; C. ratoensis Hayata.
Deciduous shrubs or small trees, 1-5 m tall; branches subangled to terete, densely pilosulous or tomentulose to usually glabrous. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3-5, with number often irregular on a stem; petiole 5-10 mm, densely tomentulose or pilosulous to usually glabrous; blade drying stiffly papery to subleathery, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, elliptic, or elliptic-oblong, 6.5-15 × 3-6 cm, adaxially glabrous to sparsely puberulent and often rugulose, abaxially densely pilosulous to usually glabrous, base obtuse, rounded, or subcordate, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 8-12 pairs, often with pilosulous domatia in axils or along costa; stipules persistent or often deciduous leaving a persistent truncate basal portion, broadly ovate, 3-5 mm, adaxially enclosing a ring of persistent white trichomes 0.5-1 mm, abaxially glabrous to occasionally densely pilosulous, apex cuspidate, often with a black terminal gland. Inflorescence densely tomentulose or pilosulous to usually glabrous; peduncles 2.5-6 cm; flowering heads 1-10, 8-12 mm in diam. across calyces, 20-25 mm in diam. across corollas; bracteoles linear-clavate, ca. 2 mm, strigose. Calyx with ovary portion obconic, ca. 1 mm, glabrous, surrounded at base by ring of pilose trichomes; limb with tubular portion 1-2 mm, glabrous to sparsely puberulent; lobes spatulate-oblong, 1-2 mm, densely puberulent, obtuse to rounded, in sinuses usually with stipitate or sessile black gland. Corolla outside glabrous; tube 7-12 mm, pubescent inside; lobes spatulate-oblong, 1-2 mm, obtuse or rounded, in sinuses often with stipitate black gland. Stigma ellipsoid or clavate, ca. 0.5 mm, exserted by 4-6 mm. Fruiting head 10-20 mm in diam. Mericarps 4-6 mm, glabrous; seeds brown, 3-5 mm. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Jul-Sep.
Shady sites at roadsides or streamsides; sea level to 700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
This species was long considered conspecific with Cephalanthus occidentalis Linnaeus of North America; consequently, that name has been frequently but erroneous used for the Asian plants. Ridsdale (Blumea 23: 177-188. 1976) concluded that only one species of Cephalanthus is found in Asia and it is distinct from the North American species. Ridsdale (loc. cit.: 180-181) reported that this species is tolerant of wet soils and sometimes cultivated for ground stabilization.This species was long considered conspecific with Cephalanthus occidentalis Linnaeus of North America; consequently, that name has been frequently but erroneous used for the Asian plants. Ridsdale (Blumea 23: 177-188. 1976) concluded that only one species of Cephalanthus is found in Asia and it is distinct from the North American species. Ridsdale (loc. cit.: 180-181) reported that this species is tolerant of wet soils and sometimes cultivated for ground stabilization.
【拼音名】 Fēnɡ Xiānɡ Shù
【别名】 假杨梅、大叶水杨梅、珠花树、水壳木
【来源】 茜草科风箱树属植物风箱树Cephalanthus naucleoides DC.[C. occidentalis auct. Non L.]，以根、叶和花序入药。夏秋采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
【性味】 苦，凉。
【功能主治】 根：清热解毒，散瘀止痛，止血生肌，祛痰止咳。用于流行性感冒，上呼吸道感染，咽喉肿痛，肺炎，咳嗽，睾丸炎，腮腺炎，乳腺炎；外用治跌打损伤，疖肿，骨折（或用根皮酒浸1～2天，焙干研末敷，可止血止痛）。
花序：清热利湿。用于肠炎，细菌性痢疾。
叶：清热解毒。外用治跌打损伤，骨折。
【用法用量】 根0.5～1两；外用根皮叶适量，捣烂敷患处。花序：15～20个。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
别名：假乌檀;珠花树;水杨梅;水冬瓜;马烟树;埋览啦;
科名：茜草科 Rubiaceae
属名：风箱树属 Cephalanthus
1. 风箱树（四川）水杨梅（广东）、马烟树（海南）图版：75
Cephalanthus tetrandrus (Roxb.) Ridsd. et Bakh. f. in Blumea 23 (1): 182. 1976. ——Nauclea tetrandra Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 2: 125. 1824 et Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 1: 516. 1832. ——Cephalanthus naucleoides DC. Prodr. 4: 539. 1830; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 24. 1880; Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 3: 31. 1922, pro parte; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 846, fig. 341. 1963. ——C. occidentalis auct. non Linn.: Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 67. 1790; Havil. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 33: 38. 1897; Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 2: 79. 1912; Chung in Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 236. 1924; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 173. 1927; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学1126, 图1014. 1937; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1019. 1936; How in Sunyatsenia 6: 235. 1946; 广州植物志509. 1956; Steward, Man. Vasc. Pl. Low. Yangtze China 367. 1958; 海南植物志3: 329, 图751. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 192, 图5780. 1975.——C. glabrifolius Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 9: 51. 1920. ——C. ratoensis Hayata, l. c. 52.
落叶灌木或小乔木，高1-5米；嫩枝近四棱柱形，被短柔毛，老枝圆柱形，褐色，无毛。叶对生或轮生，近革质，卵形至卵状披针形，长10-15厘米，宽3-5厘米，顶端短尖，基部圆形至近心形，上面无毛至疏被短柔毛，下面无毛或密被柔毛；侧脉8-12对，脉腋常有毛窝；叶柄长5-10毫米，被毛或近无毛；托叶阔卵形，长3-5毫米，顶部骤尖，常有一黑色腺体。头状花序不计花冠直径8-12毫米，顶生或腋生，总花梗长2.5-6厘米，不分枝或有2-3分枝，有毛；小苞片棒形至棒状匙形；花萼管长2-3毫米，疏被短柔毛，基部常有柔毛，萼裂片4，顶端钝，密被短柔毛，边缘裂口处常有黑色腺体1枚；花冠白色，花冠管长7-12毫米，外面无毛，内面有短柔毛，花冠裂片长圆形，裂口处通常有1枚黑色腺体；柱头棒形，伸出于花冠外。果序直径10-20毫米；坚果长4-6毫米，顶部有宿存萼檐；种子褐色，具翅状苍白色假种皮。花期春末夏初。
产于广东、海南、广西、湖南、福建、江西、浙江、台湾；喜生于略阴蔽的水沟旁或溪畔。国外分布于印度、锡金、孟加拉国、缅甸、泰国、老挝和越南北部。
木材做担杆和农具。根和花序药用，有清热利湿、收敛止泻、祛痰止咳之效，治感冒发热、咽喉肿痛、肠炎腹泻等。又可栽培作护堤植物。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Cephalanthus tetrandrus (Roxburgh) Ridsdale & Bak-huizen f. Blumea. 23: 182. 1976.
风箱树 feng xiang shu
Nauclea tetrandra Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 125. 1824; Cephalanthus glabrifolius Hayata; C. naucleoides Candolle; C. ratoensis Hayata.
Deciduous shrubs or small trees, 1-5 m tall; branches subangled to terete, densely pilosulous or tomentulose to usually glabrous. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3-5, with number often irregular on a stem; petiole 5-10 mm, densely tomentulose or pilosulous to usually glabrous; blade drying stiffly papery to subleathery, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, elliptic, or elliptic-oblong, 6.5-15 × 3-6 cm, adaxially glabrous to sparsely puberulent and often rugulose, abaxially densely pilosulous to usually glabrous, base obtuse, rounded, or subcordate, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 8-12 pairs, often with pilosulous domatia in axils or along costa; stipules persistent or often deciduous leaving a persistent truncate basal portion, broadly ovate, 3-5 mm, adaxially enclosing a ring of persistent white trichomes 0.5-1 mm, abaxially glabrous to occasionally densely pilosulous, apex cuspidate, often with a black terminal gland. Inflorescence densely tomentulose or pilosulous to usually glabrous; peduncles 2.5-6 cm; flowering heads 1-10, 8-12 mm in diam. across calyces, 20-25 mm in diam. across corollas; bracteoles linear-clavate, ca. 2 mm, strigose. Calyx with ovary portion obconic, ca. 1 mm, glabrous, surrounded at base by ring of pilose trichomes; limb with tubular portion 1-2 mm, glabrous to sparsely puberulent; lobes spatulate-oblong, 1-2 mm, densely puberulent, obtuse to rounded, in sinuses usually with stipitate or sessile black gland. Corolla outside glabrous; tube 7-12 mm, pubescent inside; lobes spatulate-oblong, 1-2 mm, obtuse or rounded, in sinuses often with stipitate black gland. Stigma ellipsoid or clavate, ca. 0.5 mm, exserted by 4-6 mm. Fruiting head 10-20 mm in diam. Mericarps 4-6 mm, glabrous; seeds brown, 3-5 mm. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Jul-Sep.
Shady sites at roadsides or streamsides; sea level to 700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
This species was long considered conspecific with Cephalanthus occidentalis Linnaeus of North America; consequently, that name has been frequently but erroneous used for the Asian plants. Ridsdale (Blumea 23: 177-188. 1976) concluded that only one species of Cephalanthus is found in Asia and it is distinct from the North American species. Ridsdale (loc. cit.: 180-181) reported that this species is tolerant of wet soils and sometimes cultivated for ground stabilization.This species was long considered conspecific with Cephalanthus occidentalis Linnaeus of North America; consequently, that name has been frequently but erroneous used for the Asian plants. Ridsdale (Blumea 23: 177-188. 1976) concluded that only one species of Cephalanthus is found in Asia and it is distinct from the North American species. Ridsdale (loc. cit.: 180-181) reported that this species is tolerant of wet soils and sometimes cultivated for ground stabilization.
【拼音名】 Fēnɡ Xiānɡ Shù
【别名】 假杨梅、大叶水杨梅、珠花树、水壳木
【来源】 茜草科风箱树属植物风箱树Cephalanthus naucleoides DC.[C. occidentalis auct. Non L.]，以根、叶和花序入药。夏秋采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
【性味】 苦，凉。
【功能主治】 根：清热解毒，散瘀止痛，止血生肌，祛痰止咳。用于流行性感冒，上呼吸道感染，咽喉肿痛，肺炎，咳嗽，睾丸炎，腮腺炎，乳腺炎；外用治跌打损伤，疖肿，骨折（或用根皮酒浸1～2天，焙干研末敷，可止血止痛）。
花序：清热利湿。用于肠炎，细菌性痢疾。
叶：清热解毒。外用治跌打损伤，骨折。
【用法用量】 根0.5～1两；外用根皮叶适量，捣烂敷患处。花序：15～20个。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》