栏目

大花悬钩子Rubus wardii Merr.

大花悬钩子Rubus wardii Merr.

别名:

科名:蔷薇科 Rosaceae

属名:悬钩子属 Rubus

《中国植物志》第37卷196页
  168.大花悬钩子(西藏植物志)
  Rubus wardii Merr. in Brittonia 4: 84. 1941; Hara in Journ. Jap. Bot. 47 (5): 142. 1972 et in Fl. E. Himal. 3: 53, 1975. ——R. hookeri Focke in Abh. Naturw. Ver. Bremen 4: 198. 1874, non K. Koch 1853. ——R. macrocarpus King ex Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. 15: 141. 1876, non Benth. 1844. nec Gardner 1847. ——R. gigantiflocus Hara in Journ. Jap. Bot. 40 (11): 327. 1965; id. in Fl. E. Himal. 129. 1966 et l. c. 2: 57. pl. 10-et f. 5i. 1971.
  平卧矮小灌木或半灌木,高约80厘米;枝圆柱形,具腺毛、柔毛、稀疏针刺或钩状小皮刺。小叶3枚,顶生小叶菱状卵形,长6-10厘米,宽4-6厘米,顶端尾状渐尖,基部楔形,侧生小叶近圆形或卵圆形,较顶生小叶小一倍或更多,顶端急尖或圆钝,基部偏斜圆形,两面脉上有柔毛,下面沿脉有小皮刺,边缘有不整齐圆钝锯齿,有时浅裂;叶柄长4-6.厘米,顶生小叶柄长达1厘米,侧生小叶具短柄,疏生腺毛、柔毛和针刺;托叶离生,宿存,褐色,掌状深裂至中部或基部,裂片线状披针形,有腺毛和柔毛。花常单生,极稀2-3枚;花梗长3-4厘米,具腺毛、柔毛和针刺;苞片常宿存,与托叶相似;花直径3-4厘米;花萼外面有针刺、腺毛和疏柔毛;萼片三角状卵圆形,长达2.5厘米,直立开展,顶端尾尖,外萼片顶端常条裂成线状裂片;内萼片有时全缘;花瓣近圆形或倒卵形,绿白色,直径7-8毫米,比萼片短得多;雄蕊多数,花丝稍宽扁,花药长圆形;雌蕊很多,密集成团,子房密被绒毛状柔毛,花柱较短。果实球形,成熟时带绿色,直径达2.5厘米,具开展萼片,密被浅棕黄色绒毛状柔毛,外面的小核果干燥,里面的小核果肉质;核有沟纹。花期6-7月,果期8-9月。
  产云南西北部、西藏东南部。生杂木林中、林缘或山谷石砾地,海拔1800-3000米。缅甸北部、锡金也有分布。
  本种外貌近似墨脱悬钩子R. metoensis Yu et Lu, 但后者植株无腺毛;花小,直径1-1.5厘米;花梗长约1厘米;雌蕊少得多。
形态特征:平卧矮小灌木或半灌木,高约80厘米;枝圆柱形,具腺毛、柔毛、稀疏针刺或钩状小皮刺。小叶3枚,顶生小叶菱状卵形,长6—10厘米,宽4—6厘米,顶端尾状渐尖,基部楔形,侧生小叶近圆形或卵圆形,较顶生小叶小一倍或更多,顶端急尖或圆钝,基部偏斜圆形,两面脉上有柔毛,下面沿脉有小皮刺,边缘有不整齐圆钝锯齿,有时浅裂;叶柄长4—6厘米,顶生小叶柄长达1厘米,侧生小叶具短柄,疏生腺毛、柔毛和针刺;托叶离生,宿存,褐色,掌状深裂至中部或基部,裂片线状披针形,有腺毛和柔毛。花常单生,极稀2—3枚;花梗长3—4厘米,具腺毛、柔毛和针刺;苞片常宿存,与托叶相似;花直径3-4厘米;花萼外面有针刺、腺毛和疏柔毛;萼片三角状卵圆形,长达2.5厘米,直立开展,顶端尾尖,外萼片顶端常条裂成线状裂片,内萼片有时全缘;花瓣近圆形或倒卵形,绿白色,直径7一8毫米,比萼片短得多;雄蕊多数,花丝稍宽扁,花药长圆形;雌蕊很多,密集成团,子房密被绒毛状柔毛,花柱较短。果实球形,成熟时带绿色,直径达2.5厘米,具开展萼片,密被浅棕黄色绒毛状柔毛,外面的小核果干燥,里面的小核果肉质;核有沟纹。 花期6一7月,果期8-9月。
产地分布:产云南西北部、西藏东南部。生杂木林中、林缘或山谷石砾地,海拔1800—3000米。缅甸北部、锡金也有分布
本种提示:本种外貌近似墨脱悬钩子R.Metoensis Yu et Lu,但后者植株无腺毛;花小,直径1—1.5厘米;花梗长约1厘米;雌蕊少得多。
参考文献:Ruhus,wardii.Merr.Id Brittonia 4:84·,1941;Hara in Journ.Jap·Bot.47(5):142.1972 et in. F1.e.Himal.3:53,1975;——R.Hookeri Focke in Abh.Naturw.Ver.Bremen4:198.1874,mort K.Koch 1853. ----R.Macrocarpus King ex Clarke in Journ.Linn,Soc.15:141。1876,non Benth.1844.Nec Gardner 1847.——R.Gigantiflorus Hara in Journ.Jap,Bot。40(11):327.1965;id。In F1.E.Himal.129.1966 et 1.C.2:57.Pl.10.Cctf.5i。1971.
亚组概述:Subsect.Metoenses.Y6 et Lu,植物分类学报20(4):463.1982. ----Subgen.Dmibardastrum Focke,BiN.Bobl. 72(1):39.1910 et 83:21.1914‘p·P. 本亚组有下列2种。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Rubus wardii  Merrill
大花悬钩子   da hua xuan gou zi
Rubus gigantiflorus H. Hara; R. gigantiflorus var. chiliocanthus Handel-Mazzetti; R. gigantiflorus var. pluvialis Handel-Mazzetti; R. hookeri Focke; R. macrocarpus King ex C. B. Clarke (1876), not Bentham (1844), nor Gardner (1847).
Shrubs or subshrubs, prostrate, low, ca. 80 cm tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown, terete, with soft hairs, glandular hairs, and sparse, needle-like or small curved prickles. Leaves compound, 3-foliolate; petiole 4–6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet to 1 cm, lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate, with sparse, soft hairs, intermixed glandular hairs and needle-like prickles; stipules free, brown, 8–10 mm, palmatipartite to middle or base; lobes linear-lanceolate, soft hairy, with glandular hairs; blade of leaflets variable, terminal one rhombic-ovate, 6–10 × 4–6 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate to caudate, lateral leaflets suborbicular or ovate, ca. 1/2 as long and wide as terminal one or smaller, both surfaces soft hairy along veins, abaxially with minute prickles along veins, base obliquely rounded, margin sometimes lobed, unevenly obtusely serrate, apex acute or obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, 1-flowered, rarely flowers in clusters of 2 or 3; bracts 7–9 mm, palmatiparted; lobes linear to linear-lanceolate, with glandular hairs and soft hairs. Pedicel 3–4 cm, with soft hairs, glandular hairs, and needle-like prickles. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially with sparse, soft hairs, glandular hairs, and needle-like prickles; sepals erect, triangular-ovate, 1.5–2(–2.5) cm × 5–8 mm, apex caudate; outer sepals usually apically laciniate; lobes linear, inner sepals sometimes entire. Petals greenish white, suborbicular or obovate, 7–9 mm in diam., much shorter than sepals. Stamens many, much shorter than petals; anthers oblong. Pistils numerous, densely glomerate; ovary densely tomentose-villous. Aggregate fruit somewhat green at maturity, globose, 1.3–2(–2.5) cm in diam., densely brownish yellow tomentose-villous, outer drupelets dry, inner drupelets fleshy; pyrenes furrowed-rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Mixed forests, valleys, rocky slopes; 1800--3000 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N Myanmar, Sikkim].

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