石生悬钩子Rubus saxatilis Linn.
石生悬钩子Rubus saxatilis Linn.
187.石生悬钩子（华北经济植物志要）天山悬钩子（东北植物检索表）图版30:1-2
Rubus saxatilis L. Sp. Pl. 494. 1753: Ser. in Dc. Prodr. 2: 564. 1825; Focke, Bibl. Bot 72(1): 27. 1910; Juzep. in Fl. URSS 10: 14. pl. l. f. 3. 1941; 东北植物检索表156、图版48.图6. 1959;中国高等植物图鉴2: 259. 图2248. 1972.
草本，高20-60厘米；根不发生萌蘖；茎细，圆柱形，不育茎有鞭状匍枝，具小针刺和稀疏柔毛，有时具腺毛。复叶常具3小叶，或稀单叶分裂，小叶片卵状菱形至长圆状菱形，顶生小叶长5-7厘米，稍长于侧生小叶，顶端急尖，基部近楔形，侧生小叶基部偏斜，两面有柔毛，下面沿叶脉毛较多，边缘常具粗重锯齿，稀为缺刻状锯齿，侧生小叶有时2裂；叶柄长，具稀疏柔毛和小针刺，侧生小叶近无柄，顶生小叶柄长1-2厘米；托叶离生，花枝上的托叶卵形或椭圆形，匍匐枝上的托叶较狭，披针形或线状长圆形，全缘。花常2-10朵成束或成伞房状花序；总花梗长短不齐，短者长仅0.5厘米，长者达3厘米，和花梗均被小针刺和稀疏柔毛，常混生腺毛；花小，直径约在1厘米以下；花萼陀螺形或在果期为盆形，外面有柔毛；萼片卵状披针形，几与花瓣等长；花瓣小，匙形或长圆形，白色，直立；雄蕊多数，花丝基部膨大，直立，顶端钻状而内弯；雌蕊通常5-6。果实球形，红色，直径1-1.5厘米，小核果较大；核长圆形，具蜂巢状孔穴。花期6-7月，果期7-8月。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、新疆。生石砾地，灌丛或针、阔叶混交林下，海拔达3000米。蒙古、苏联、亚洲北部、欧洲、北美也有分布。
形态特征：萆本，高20--60厘米；根不发生萌蘖；茎细，圆柱形，不育茎有鞭状匍枝，具小针刺和 稀疏柔毛，有时具腺毛。复叶常具3小叶，或稀单叶分裂，小叶片卵状菱形至长圆状菱形， 顶生小叶长5—7厘米，稍长于侧生小叶，顶端急尖，基部近楔形，侧生小叶基部偏斜，两面 有柔毛，卞面沿叶脉毛较多，边缘常具粗重锯齿，稀为缺刻状锯齿，侧生小叶有时2裂；叶 柄长，具稀疏柔毛和小钎刺，侧生小叶近无柄，顶生小叶柄长1—2厘米；托叶离生，花枝上 的托叶卵形或椭圆形，匍匐枝上的托叶较狭，披针形或线状长圆形，全缘。花常2—10朵 成束或成伞房状花序；总花梗长短不齐，短者长仅0．5厘米，长者达3厘米，和花梗均被小 针刺和稀疏柔毛，常混生腺毛；花小，直径约在1厘米以下；花萼陀螺形或在果期为盆形， 外面有柔毛；萼片卵状披针形，几与花瓣等长；花瓣小，匙形或长圆形，白色，直立；雄蕊多 数，花丝基部膨大，直立，顶端钻状而内弯；雌蕊通常5—6。果实球形，红色，直径1—1．5 厘米，小核果较大；核长圆形，具蜂巢状孔穴。 花期6—7月，果期7--8月。
产地分布：产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、新疆。生石砾地，灌丛或针、阔叶混交林 下，海拔达3000米。蒙古、苏联、亚洲北部、欧洲、北美也有分布。
参考文献：Rubus saxatilis L．Sp.Pl.494．1753：Ser．in，Dc.Prodr．2：564．1825；Focke，Bibl． Bot 72(1)：27．1910;Juzep.in Fl.URSS 10：14．Pl.l.f．3．1941；东北植物检索表156、 图版48．图6．1959；中国高等植物图鉴2：259．图2248．1972．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Rubus saxatilis Linnaeus
石生悬钩子 shi sheng xuan gou zi
Cylactis saxatilis (Linnaeus) A. L?ve.
Herbs 20–60 cm tall. Stems greenish brown, terete, slender; sterile stems creeping, with minute needle-like prickles, sparsely pubescent, sometimes with stalked glands. Leaves usually compound and 3-foliolate, rarely simple and divided; petiole 2–3.5 cm, pilose, with minute needle-like prickles; lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm; stipules free, on flowering branches ovate or elliptic, 5–8 × 3–5 mm, on creeping branches narrower, lanceolate or linear-oblong, pubescent, margin entire; blade of leaflets ovate-rhombic or oblong-rhombic, terminal leaflet 5–7 cm, slightly longer than lateral leaflets, both surfaces pubescent, more densely so along veins abaxially, base subcuneate or obliquely subcuneate, margin often coarsely doubly serrate, rarely incised-serrate, lateral leaflets sometimes 2-lobed, apex acute. Inflorescences corymbs or flowers several in clusters; peduncles unequal in length, shorter ones ca. 5 mm, longer ones to 3 cm; bracts ovate or elliptic, rarely linear-oblong, pubescent, margin entire. Pedicel 6–10 mm, pilose, with minute needle-like prickles, often with stalked glands. Flowers less then 1 cm in diam. Calyx turbinate, sometimes pelviform in fruit, abaxially pubescent; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 5–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acuminate. Petals white, spatulate or oblong, 6–9 × 3–5 mm, glabrous, base clawed, erect. Stamens many, much shorter than petals; filaments erect, base inflated, apex subulate, incurved. Pistils 5 or 6, nearly equaling stamens. Aggregate fruit red, globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous, with larger drupelets; pyrenes oblong, alveolate-pitted. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 28.
Stony soils, thickets, forests; below 3000 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia; Europe, North America].
别名：天山悬钩子;莓子;小悬钩子;地豆豆;覆盆子;托盘;地麻子;哈达音-布格日勒哲根;
科名：蔷薇科 Rosaceae
属名：悬钩子属 Rubus
187.石生悬钩子（华北经济植物志要）天山悬钩子（东北植物检索表）图版30:1-2
Rubus saxatilis L. Sp. Pl. 494. 1753: Ser. in Dc. Prodr. 2: 564. 1825; Focke, Bibl. Bot 72(1): 27. 1910; Juzep. in Fl. URSS 10: 14. pl. l. f. 3. 1941; 东北植物检索表156、图版48.图6. 1959;中国高等植物图鉴2: 259. 图2248. 1972.
草本，高20-60厘米；根不发生萌蘖；茎细，圆柱形，不育茎有鞭状匍枝，具小针刺和稀疏柔毛，有时具腺毛。复叶常具3小叶，或稀单叶分裂，小叶片卵状菱形至长圆状菱形，顶生小叶长5-7厘米，稍长于侧生小叶，顶端急尖，基部近楔形，侧生小叶基部偏斜，两面有柔毛，下面沿叶脉毛较多，边缘常具粗重锯齿，稀为缺刻状锯齿，侧生小叶有时2裂；叶柄长，具稀疏柔毛和小针刺，侧生小叶近无柄，顶生小叶柄长1-2厘米；托叶离生，花枝上的托叶卵形或椭圆形，匍匐枝上的托叶较狭，披针形或线状长圆形，全缘。花常2-10朵成束或成伞房状花序；总花梗长短不齐，短者长仅0.5厘米，长者达3厘米，和花梗均被小针刺和稀疏柔毛，常混生腺毛；花小，直径约在1厘米以下；花萼陀螺形或在果期为盆形，外面有柔毛；萼片卵状披针形，几与花瓣等长；花瓣小，匙形或长圆形，白色，直立；雄蕊多数，花丝基部膨大，直立，顶端钻状而内弯；雌蕊通常5-6。果实球形，红色，直径1-1.5厘米，小核果较大；核长圆形，具蜂巢状孔穴。花期6-7月，果期7-8月。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、新疆。生石砾地，灌丛或针、阔叶混交林下，海拔达3000米。蒙古、苏联、亚洲北部、欧洲、北美也有分布。
形态特征：萆本，高20--60厘米；根不发生萌蘖；茎细，圆柱形，不育茎有鞭状匍枝，具小针刺和 稀疏柔毛，有时具腺毛。复叶常具3小叶，或稀单叶分裂，小叶片卵状菱形至长圆状菱形， 顶生小叶长5—7厘米，稍长于侧生小叶，顶端急尖，基部近楔形，侧生小叶基部偏斜，两面 有柔毛，卞面沿叶脉毛较多，边缘常具粗重锯齿，稀为缺刻状锯齿，侧生小叶有时2裂；叶 柄长，具稀疏柔毛和小钎刺，侧生小叶近无柄，顶生小叶柄长1—2厘米；托叶离生，花枝上 的托叶卵形或椭圆形，匍匐枝上的托叶较狭，披针形或线状长圆形，全缘。花常2—10朵 成束或成伞房状花序；总花梗长短不齐，短者长仅0．5厘米，长者达3厘米，和花梗均被小 针刺和稀疏柔毛，常混生腺毛；花小，直径约在1厘米以下；花萼陀螺形或在果期为盆形， 外面有柔毛；萼片卵状披针形，几与花瓣等长；花瓣小，匙形或长圆形，白色，直立；雄蕊多 数，花丝基部膨大，直立，顶端钻状而内弯；雌蕊通常5—6。果实球形，红色，直径1—1．5 厘米，小核果较大；核长圆形，具蜂巢状孔穴。 花期6—7月，果期7--8月。
产地分布：产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、新疆。生石砾地，灌丛或针、阔叶混交林 下，海拔达3000米。蒙古、苏联、亚洲北部、欧洲、北美也有分布。
参考文献：Rubus saxatilis L．Sp.Pl.494．1753：Ser．in，Dc.Prodr．2：564．1825；Focke，Bibl． Bot 72(1)：27．1910;Juzep.in Fl.URSS 10：14．Pl.l.f．3．1941；东北植物检索表156、 图版48．图6．1959；中国高等植物图鉴2：259．图2248．1972．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Rubus saxatilis Linnaeus
石生悬钩子 shi sheng xuan gou zi
Cylactis saxatilis (Linnaeus) A. L?ve.
Herbs 20–60 cm tall. Stems greenish brown, terete, slender; sterile stems creeping, with minute needle-like prickles, sparsely pubescent, sometimes with stalked glands. Leaves usually compound and 3-foliolate, rarely simple and divided; petiole 2–3.5 cm, pilose, with minute needle-like prickles; lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm; stipules free, on flowering branches ovate or elliptic, 5–8 × 3–5 mm, on creeping branches narrower, lanceolate or linear-oblong, pubescent, margin entire; blade of leaflets ovate-rhombic or oblong-rhombic, terminal leaflet 5–7 cm, slightly longer than lateral leaflets, both surfaces pubescent, more densely so along veins abaxially, base subcuneate or obliquely subcuneate, margin often coarsely doubly serrate, rarely incised-serrate, lateral leaflets sometimes 2-lobed, apex acute. Inflorescences corymbs or flowers several in clusters; peduncles unequal in length, shorter ones ca. 5 mm, longer ones to 3 cm; bracts ovate or elliptic, rarely linear-oblong, pubescent, margin entire. Pedicel 6–10 mm, pilose, with minute needle-like prickles, often with stalked glands. Flowers less then 1 cm in diam. Calyx turbinate, sometimes pelviform in fruit, abaxially pubescent; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 5–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acuminate. Petals white, spatulate or oblong, 6–9 × 3–5 mm, glabrous, base clawed, erect. Stamens many, much shorter than petals; filaments erect, base inflated, apex subulate, incurved. Pistils 5 or 6, nearly equaling stamens. Aggregate fruit red, globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous, with larger drupelets; pyrenes oblong, alveolate-pitted. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 28.
Stony soils, thickets, forests; below 3000 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia; Europe, North America].