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多齿悬钩子Rubus polyodontus Hand.-Mazz.

多齿悬钩子Rubus polyodontus Hand.-Mazz.

别名:多齿莓;

科名:蔷薇科 Rosaceae

属名:悬钩子属 Rubus

《中国植物志》第37卷205页
  180.多齿悬钩子(拉汉种子植物名种)
  Rubus polyodoutus Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 484. 1933.
  小灌木,高10-25厘米,枝匍匐,节上生根;枝、叶柄、叶片下面脉上、花梗和花萼均疏生长柔毛和直立针刺。单叶,心状宽卵形,长3-8厘米,宽2.5-6厘米,顶端圆钝,稀急尖,基部心形,两面疏生长柔毛,下面沿中脉有稀疏针刺,边缘具不整齐锯齿,不分裂或微缺刻状;叶柄长2-3(5)厘米;托叶离生,长达8毫米,被长柔毛,深裂几达基部,裂片线状披针形。花直径约1厘米,单生或3-4朵,顶生或腋生;花梗长0.5-1厘米;花萼长达1.2匣米;萼片长约8毫米,宽卵圆形,顶端尾状渐尖或具叶状附属物,全缘,外面边缘及内面具绒毛;花瓣倒卵形,长达5毫米,无毛,玫瑰红色;雄蕊约30,花丝长约2毫米;雌蕊10几枚,子房顶端有柔毛。果实干燥,由少数小核果组成,包藏在宿存花萼内;核较平滑。花期8月,果期10月。
  产云南西北部。生海拔2300-3200米的竹林中或林缘。
  本种和滇西北悬钩子R. treutleri Hook. f.相近,区别在于叶形和花均较小;萼片不分裂,顶端尾状渐尖或具叶状附属物。又和黄泡R. pectinellus Maxim.区别在于后者草本或半灌木;叶片较小,心状近圆形;萼片叶状,外萼片梳齿状深裂或缺刻状,内萼片较狭,顶端渐尖,有少数锯齿或全缘;花梗长2-4厘米;花较大,直径达2厘米,白色。三者可以分别。
形态特征:小灌木,高10—25厘米,枝匍匐,节上生根;枝、叶柄、叶片下面脉上、花梗和花萼均疏生长柔毛和直立针刺。单叶,心状宽卵形,长3—8厘米,宽2.5—6厘米,顶端圆钝,稀急尖,基部心形,两面疏生长柔毛,下面沿中脉有稀疏针刺,边缘具不整齐锯齿,不分裂或微缺刻状;叶柄长2—3(5)厘米;托叶离生,长达8毫米,被长柔毛,深裂几达基部,裂片线状披针形。花直径约1厘米,单生或3—4朵,顶生或腋生;花梗长0.5—1厘米;花萼长达1.2厘米;萼片长约8毫米,宽卵圆形,顶端尾状渐尖或具叶状附属物,全缘,外面边缘及内面具绒毛;花瓣倒卵形,长达5毫米,无毛,玫瑰红色;雄蕊约30,花丝长约2毫米;雌蕊10几枚,子房顶端有柔毛。果实干燥,由少数小核果缉成;包藏在宿存花萼内;核较平滑。花期8月,早期10月。
产地分布:产云南西北部。生海拔2300—3200米的竹林中或林缘。
本种提示:本种和滇西北悬钩于R.Treutleri Hook f.相近,区别在于叶形和花均较小;萼片不分裂,顶端尽状渐尖或具叶状附属物。又和黄泡R.pectinellus Maxim.区别在于后者草本或半灌木;叶片较小,心状近圆形;萼片叶状,外萼片梳齿状深裂或缺刻状,内萼片较狭,顶端渐尖,有少数锯齿或全缘;花梗长2—4厘米;花较大,直径达2厘米,白色。三者可以分花萼长1--1.5厘米,外面密被绒毛状柔毛;萼片卵状或三角状披针形;顶端急尖至渐尖条裂或全缘,裂片线状披针形,浅绿色;花瓣近圆形或倒卵形,白色,基部具短爪;雄蕊无毛,在花药顶端和基部各具1对长毛;雌蕊无毛。果实近球形;长达14厘米,浅红色,肉质,宿存花萼淡红色;小核果斜长圆形;核具皱纹;种子肾形;花期6--7月。
参考文献:Rubus polyodontus Hand.-Mazz.Symb.Sin.7:484.1933.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Rubus polyodontus  Handel-Mazzetti
多齿悬钩子   duo chi xuan gou zi
Shrubs low, 20–40 cm tall. Branches grayish brown to dark brown, creeping, rooting at nodes; branchlets sparsely villous, with straight needle-like prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 2–3(–5) cm, villous, with straight needle-like prickles; stipules free, to 8 mm, villous, deeply divided nearly to base; lobes linear to linear-lanceolate; blade broadly ovate, 3–8 × 2.5–6 cm, both surfaces sparsely villous, abaxially with sparse, needle-like prickles along midvein, base cordate, margin undivided or slightly incised, unevenly serrate, apex obtuse, rarely acute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 1-flowered or flowers in clusters of 3 or 4; bracts 5–7 mm, villous, deeply lobed; lobes linear to linear-lanceolate. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Calyx to 1.2 cm, sparsely villous, with needle-like prickles; sepals broadly ovate, 7–8 × 3–5 mm, margin tomentose, entire, apex caudate-acuminate or with leaflike appendages. Petals rose, obovate, 5–6 mm and ca. as broad, glabrous. Stamens ca. 30; filaments ca. 2 mm. Pistils more than 10; ovary soft hairy apically. Aggregate fruit dry, consisting of few drupelets, enclosed in persistent calyx; pyrenes smooth. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
Bamboo thickets, forest margins; 2300--3200 m. NW Yunnan.

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