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五叶鸡爪茶Rubus playfairianus Hemsl. ex Focke

五叶鸡爪茶Rubus playfairianus Hemsl. ex Focke

别名:普莱肥莓;五加皮;五叶鸡爪菜;

科名:蔷薇科 Rosaceae

属名:悬钩子属 Rubus

《中国植物志》第37卷184页
  151.五叶鸡爪茶(湖北植物志)五加皮(四川),普莱肥莓(经济植物手册)
  Rubus playfairianus Hemsl. (in sched. ex pte. nom. mutat.) ex Focke, Bibl. Bot. 72 (1): 45. 1910. ——R. playfairii Hemsl in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 235. 1887. ex pte.
  落叶或半常绿攀缘或蔓性灌木;枝暗色,幼时有绒毛,疏生钩状小皮刺。掌状复叶具3-5枚小叶,小叶片椭圆披针形或长圆披针形,长5-12厘米,宽1-3厘米,顶生小叶远较侧生小叶大,顶端渐尖,基部楔形,上面无毛,下面密被平贴灰色或黄灰色绒毛,边缘有不整齐尖锐锯齿,侧生小叶片有时在近基部2裂;叶柄长2-4厘米,被绒毛状柔毛,疏生钩状小皮刺,顶生小叶有极短柄,侧生小叶几无柄;托叶离生,长达1厘米,长圆形,掌状深裂,裂片披针形或线形,脱落。花成顶生或腋生总状花序;总花梗和花梗被灰色或灰黄色绒毛状长柔毛,混生少数小皮刺;花梗长1-2厘米;苞片与托叶相似;花直径1-1.5厘米;花萼外密被黄灰色至灰白色绒毛状长柔毛,无腺毛;萼片卵状披针形或三角状披针形,顶端渐尖至尾尖,全缘;花瓣卵圆形,锐尖;雄蕊多数,幼时有柔毛,老时脱落,花丝不膨大;雌蕊约60,具长柔毛。果实近球形,幼时红色,有长柔毛,老时转变为黑色,由多数小核果组成。花期4-5月,果期6-7月。
  产陕西、湖北、四川、贵州。生山坡路旁、溪边及灌木丛中,海拔300-1700米。
  根含丹宁,可提取栲胶。
  此种和竹叶鸡爪茶R. bambusarum Fotke区别在于后者托叶和苞片全缘或仅顶端有锯齿;小叶片狭披针形或狭椭圆形,边缘有不明显的稀疏小锯齿;雄蕊柔毛老时不脱落。
形态特征:落叶或半常绿攀缘或蔓性灌木;枝暗色,幼时有绒毛,疏生钩状小皮刺。掌状复叶具 3—5枚小叶,小叶片椭圆披针形或长圆披针形,长5—12厘米,宽1—3厘米,顶生小叶远 较侧生小叶大,顶端渐尖,基部楔形,上面无毛,下面密被平贴灰色或黄灰色绒毛,·边缘有 不整齐尖锐锯齿,侧生小叶片有时在近基部2裂;叶柄长2—4厘米,被绒毛状柔毛,疏生 钩状小皮刺,顶生小叶有极短柄,侧生小叶几无柄;托叶离生,长达1厘米,长圆形,掌状深 裂,裂片披针形或线形,脱落。花成顶生或腋生总状花序;总花梗和花梗被灰色或灰黄色 绒毛状长柔毛,混生少数小皮刺;花梗长1—2厘米;苞片与托叶相似;花直径1—1.5厘 米;花萼外密被黄灰色至灰白色绒毛状长柔毛,无腺毛;萼片卵状披针形或三角状披针形, 顶端渐尖至尾尖,全缘;花瓣卵圆形,锐尖;雄蕊多数,幼时有柔毛,老时脱落,花丝不膨大; 雌蕊约60,具长柔毛。果实近球形,幼时红色,有长柔毛,老时转变为黑色,由多数小核果 组成。 花期4—5月,果期6—7月。
产地分布:产陕西、湖北、四川、贵州。生山坡路旁、溪边及灌木丛中,海拔300—1700米。 根含丹宁,可提取栲胶。
本种提示:此种和竹叶鸡爪茶R,bambusarum Focke区别在于后者托叶和苞片全缘或仅顶端有 锯齿;小叶片狭披针形或狭椭圆形,边缘有不明显的稀疏小锯齿;雄蕊柔毛老时不脱落。
参考文献:;Rubus playfairianus Hemsl.:-(in sched.Ex pte.Nom。mutat.)ex Focke,Bibl.bot .72 (1):45.1910.-R.Playfalrii Hemsl in Journ.Linn.Soc.Bot.23:235.1887.Ex pre.
亚组概述:Subsect;Sozostyli;(Focke)yu et lu,植物分类学报20(4):461.1982.-Sect.Sozostyli Focke,Bibl.Bot。—72(1):42.1910 et 83:22. 1914. 本亚组有下列17种。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Rubus playfairianus  Hemsley ex Focke
五叶鸡爪茶   wu ye ji zhao cha
Rubus cochinchinensis Trattinnick var. stenophyllus Franchet; R. playfairianus var. stenophyllus (Franchet) Cardot.
Shrubs climbing or scrambling, deciduous or semievergreen. Branchlets dark brown to blackish brown, initially tomentose, glabrescent, with sparse, curved minute prickles. Leaves palmately compound, 3–5-foliolate; petiole 2–4 cm, tomentose-villous, with sparse, curved small prickles, terminal leaflet sometimes very shortly petiolulate, lateral leaflets subsessile; stipules caducous, free, oblong, 8–11 mm, tomentose-villous, palmatipartite, lobes lanceolate or linear; blade of leaflets elliptic-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5–12 × 1–3 cm, terminal leaflet much larger than lateral leaflets, abaxially densely gray or yellowish gray appressed tomentose, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin unevenly sharply serrate, lateral leaflets sometimes 2 lobed basally, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 6–9 cm, to 15 cm in fruit; rachis and pedicels gray or yellowish gray tomentose-villous, with few small prickles; bracts oblong, 6–9 mm, tomentose-villous, palmatipartite; lobes linear to lanceolate. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely yellowish gray to gray tomentose-villous; sepals ovate-lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate, 6–10 × 4–6 mm, margin entire, apex acuminate to caudate. Petals ovate, 6–8 × 4–6 mm, apex acute. Stamens many, slightly shorter than petals, soft hairy when young, glabrate in age; filaments not inflated. Pistils ca. 60, slightly longer than or nearly as long as stamens, villous. Aggregate fruit red when immature, black at maturity, subglobose, villous, with many drupelets; pyrenes prominently rugose. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
Slopes, roadsides, stream sides, thickets; 300--2400 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.

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