栏目

红毛悬钩子Rubus pinfaensis Lévl. et Vant.

红毛悬钩子Rubus pinfaensis Lévl. et Vant.

别名:川滇悬钩子;鬼悬钩子;

科名:蔷薇科 Rosaceae

属名:悬钩子属 Rubus

《中国植物志》第37卷083页
  44.红毛悬钩子(中国高等植物图鉴)黄刺泡(贵州),鬼悬钩子(台湾木本植物志)
  Rubus pinfaensis Levl. et Vant. in Bull. Soc. Agr. Sci. Arts Sarthe 39: 320. 1904 et in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 6: 374. 1909: Levl. in Bull. Acad. Geog. Bot. 20 (Mem.): 106. 1909; Focke, Bibl. Bot. 72(2): 199. f. 81. 1911 et in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1:55. 1911; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 50. 1933: Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 18:50. 1937; Li in Woody Fl. Taiwan 312. 1963; 中国高等植物图鉴2:283.图2295. 1972; Liu et Su in Fl. Taiwan 3:121. 1977.——R. fasciculatus Duthie in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 9:39. pl. 48. 1901; Card. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 23: 306. 1917, non P. J. Mueller 1858. ——R.ellipticus Smith subsp. fasciculatus (Duthie) Focke, l. c. 72(2): 199. 1911. ——R. ellipticus Smith var. fasciculatus Masamume et Kudo & Masamume in Ann. Rep. Taihoku Bot. Gard. 2:129. 1932.
  攀援灌木,高1-2米;小枝粗壮,红褐色,有棱,密被红褐色刺毛,并具柔毛和稀疏皮刺。小叶3枚,椭圆形、卵形、稀倒卵形,长(3)4-9厘米,宽2-7厘米,顶端尾尖或急尖,稀圆钝,基部圆形或宽楔形,上面紫红色,无毛,叶脉下陷,下面仅沿叶脉疏生柔毛、刺毛和皮刺,边缘有不整齐细锐锯齿;叶柄长2-4.5厘米,顶生小叶柄长1.5-3厘米,侧生小叶近无柄,与叶轴均被红褐色刺毛、柔毛和稀疏皮刺;托叶线形,有柔毛和稀疏刺毛。花数朵在叶腋团聚成束,稀单生;花梗短,长4-7毫米,密被短柔毛;苞片线形或线状披针形,有柔毛;花直径1-1.3厘米;花萼外面密被绒毛状柔毛;萼片卵形,顶端急尖,在果期直立;花瓣长倒卵形,白色,基部具爪,长于萼片;雄蕊花丝稍宽扁,几与雌蕊等长;花柱基部和子房顶端具柔毛。果实球形,直径5-8毫米,熟时金黄色或红黄色,无毛;核有深刻皱纹。花期3-4月,果期5-6月。
  产湖北、湖南、台湾、广西、四川、云南、贵州。生山坡灌丛、杂木林内或林缘,也见于山谷或山沟边,海拔500-2200米。
  根和叶供药用,有祛风除湿、散瘰伤之效。
  此种和椭圆悬钩子R. ellipticus Smith很近似,世界各国植物分类学家对此两种处理方法各不相同,有些学者将它们分开,作为独立种,另一些则加以合并,Thuan in Fl. Camb.Laos et Vietn. 7:33; 1968中首次把椭圆悬钩子归并入红毛悬钩子中,随后Lauener和Ferguson in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 30(2) 271. 1970一书中同意这种处理。我们整理和检查了本国产的标本,认为两者可以区别,红毛悬钩子叶片下面仅沿叶脉疏生柔毛,无绒毛,顶端尾尖或急尖,稀圆钝,而椭圆悬钩子叶片下面密被绒毛,顶端急尖或突尖,仅其变种顶端浅心形或近截形。
形态特征:攀援灌木,高1—2米;小枝粗壮,红褐色,有棱,密被红褐色刺毛,并具柔毛和稀疏皮 刺。小叶3枚,椭圆形、卵形、稀倒卵形,长(3)4—9厘米,宽2—7厘米,顶端尾尖或急尖, 稀圆钝,基部圆形或宽楔形,上面紫红色,无毛,叶脉下陷,下面仅沿叶脉疏生柔毛、刺毛和, 皮刺,边缘有不整齐细锐锯齿;叶柄长2-4.5厘米,顶生小叶柄长1.5—3厘米,侧生小叶 近无柄;与叶轴均被红褐色刺毛、柔毛和稀疏皮刺;托叶线形,有柔毛和稀疏刺毛。花数朵 在叶腋团聚成束,稀单生;花梗短,长4-7毫米,密被短柔毛;苞片线形或线状披针形,有柔毛;花直径1—1.3厘米;花萼外面密被绒毛状柔毛;萼片卵形,顶端急尖;在果期直立;花瓣长倒卵形,白色,基部具爪,长于萼片;雄蕊花丝稍宽扁 ,几与雌蕊等长;花柱基部和子房顶端具柔毛。果实球形,直径5—8毫米,熟时金黄色或红黄色,无毛;核有深刻皱纹。 花期3-4月,果期5—6月。
产地分布:产湖北、湖南、台湾、广西、四川、云南,贵州。生山坡灌丛;杂木林内或林缘,也见于山谷或山沟边,海拔500—2200米。
本种提示:根和叶供药用,有祛风除湿、散瘰伤之效。 此种和椭圆悬钩子R.Ellipticus Smith很近似,世界各国植物分类学家对此两种处理方法各不相同,有些学者将它们分开,作为独立种,另一些则加以合并,Thuan in Fl.Camb,Laos cr Vietn:7:33;1968中首次把椭圆悬钩子归并人红毛悬钩子中; 随后Lauener和Ferguson in Not.Roy.Bot.Gard.Edinb.30(2)271.1970一书中同意这种处理。 我们整理和检查了本国产的标本,认为两者可以区别,红毛悬钩子叶片下面仅沿叶脉疏生柔毛,无绒毛,顶端尾尖或急尖,稀圆钝,而椭圆悬钩子叶片下面密被绒毛,顶端急尖或突尖,仅其变种顶端浅心形或近截形。
参考文献:Rubus pinfaensis levl et . Vant.In Bull.Soc.Agr .Sci.Ans Sarthe 39:320.1904 et ln Fed&,Repert.SP.Nov.6:374. 1909;Levl .In Bull.,Acad·.G60g·Bot.20(Mem.): 106.1909;Focke,BiN.Bot.72(2):199.F.81.1911 cc in Sarg·P1.Wils.1:55.1911; Hand.—Mazz.Symb.Sin.7:50.1933;Rehd.In Journ.Arn-Arb.18:50.1937;Li in Woody P1.Taiwan 312.1963;中国高等植物图鉴2:283.图2295.1972;Liu ct Su in Fl.Taiwan 3:121.1977.----R.Fasciculatus Duthie in Ann.Bot.Gard.Calcutta .9:39.p1.48.1901; Card.In Bull.Mus.Hist.Nat.Paris 23:306.1917,non P.J.Mueller 1858.——R. Ellipticus Smith subsp·fasciculatus (Duthie) Focke,1.C.72(2):1911.——R.Ellipticus Smith var.Fasciculatus Masamume et Kudo & dc Masamume in Ann. Rep. Taihoku Bot.Gard. 2:129.1932.
亚组概述:Subsect.Pungentes;(Fo.cke):yu et lu 植物分类学报20 (3): 300.1982.——Sect.Pungentes Focke, Bibl.Bot.72(2):160.1911 et 83:40. 1914. P. P·——Sect. Idaeanthi Focke,1.C.72(2):17 .1911:et.,83:43:1914 .P.p—— Subgen.Cylactis Focke,1.C.72(1):23.1910 -et 83:16·,1914 .p.p 本亚组有下列14种。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Rubus wallichianus  Wight & Arnott
红毛悬钩子   hong mao xuan gou zi
Rubus ellipticus Smith subsp. fasciculatus (Duthie) Focke; R. ellipticus var. fasciculatus (Duthie) Masamune; R. erythrolasius Focke; R. fasciculatus Duthie; R. pinfaensis H. Léveillé & Vaniot.
Shrubs climbing, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown, grayish brown in age, robust, angled, pubescent, with sparse, curved prickles, with dense, spreading reddish brown bristles to 7 mm. Leaves imparipinnate, usually 3-foliolate; petiole 2–4.5 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1.5–3 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, reddish brown bristly, pubescent, with sparse prickles; stipules linear, 0.7–1.4 cm, pubescent, intermixed sparsely setose; blade of leaflets elliptic or ovate, rarely obovate, 4–9(–12) × 3–7(–10) cm, terminal leaflet larger than lateral leaflets, midvein and veins raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, often sparsely setose, with minute prickles, abaxially dark green, glabrous or slightly pubescent along midvein, adaxially slightly pale, pilose only along veins, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly sharply serrate, apex acuminate to caudate, rarely nearly acute. Inflorescences clusters of 4–8 flowers in leaf axils, rarely flowers solitary; bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, 6–10 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 4–7 mm, pubescent, intermixed setose, with minute prickles. Flowers 1–1.3 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely tomentose; sepals erect in fruit, broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, 5–7 × 4–5 mm, apex subacute, abruptly long pointed. Petals white, spatulate to elliptic-obovate, 6–10 × 4–6 mm, both surfaces tomentose, base clawed, apex rounded to acute. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments linear, but somewhat broadened and flattened. Pistils slightly shorter than or nearly as long as stamens; apex of ovary and base of style soft hairy. Aggregate fruit golden or reddish yellow at maturity, globose, 5–8 mm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes deeply rugose. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun. 2n = 14*.
Thickets on slopes, mixed forests, montane valleys, ravines, stream sides, cliffs; 300--2200 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam].

【拼音名】 Hónɡ Máo Xuán Gōu Zi
【别名】 老熊泡、老虎泡
【来源】 蔷薇科红毛悬钩子Rubus pinfaensis Levl. et Vant.,以入药。
【生境分布】 四川、湖北、云南、贵州、台湾。
【性味】 酸、咸,平。
【功能主治】 祛风除湿,散瘰疬。
根:主治风湿关节痛,刀伤,吐血,颈淋巴结结核。
叶:治黄水疮及狗咬伤。
【用法用量】 根0.5~1两,水煎服或泡酒服。叶捣烂外敷。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》

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