栏目

台湾悬钩子Rubus formosensis Ktze.

台湾悬钩子Rubus formosensis Ktze.

别名:鹤悬钩子;掌叶悬钩子;南投悬钩子;

科名:蔷薇科 Rosaceae

属名:悬钩子属 Rubus

《中国植物志》第37卷169页
  133.台湾悬钩子(台湾木本植物志)
  Rubus formosensis Ktze. Meth. Sp. Rub. 73, 79, 80, 82, 84, 95. 1879: Li in. Woody Fl. Taiwan 309. 1963: Liu et Su in Fl. Taiwan 3: 112. 1977.-R. formosanus Maxim. ex Focke, Bibl. Bot. 72(1): 117. 1910. ——R. randaiensis Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 39(1): 93. 1911 (Mat. Fl. Formos.) ——R. rugosissimus Hayata in Icon.Pl. Formos. 3: 93. 1913. ——R. nantoensis Hayata in Icon. Pl. Formos. 7: 9. f. 5d. 1918. ——R. rubribracteatus Metc. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 11: 10. 1932. syn. nov.
  直立或近蔓性灌木;枝圆柱形,密被黄褐色绒毛状柔毛,无皮刺或具稀疏钩状小皮刺。单叶,宽卵形或近圆形,长6-12厘米,宽几与长相等,顶端急尖或圆钝,基部心形,上面具皱纹,幼时有柔毛,下面密被黄灰色绒毛,沿叶脉具柔毛,边缘5浅裂,裂片卵状三角形,顶端急尖,顶生裂片较长大,有不规则粗锯齿,基部具5出脉;叶柄长3-5厘米,密被黄褐色绒毛状柔毛,常无皮刺;托叶离生,卵形至长圆形,长1-1.5厘米、宽5-8毫米,羽状深裂或不规则撕裂,裂片线形或线状披针形。单花腋生或数朵成顶生短总状花序;总花梗和花梗均密被黄褐色绒毛状柔毛;花梗长3-4毫米,稀稍长;苞片红褐色,形状与托叶相似;花直径约1.5厘米或稍长;花萼外密被黄褐色长柔毛和绒毛;萼片三角状卵形,长6-9毫米,宽4-6毫米,顶端急尖,全缘或仅外萼片顶端浅裂;花瓣宽卵形,长5-6毫米,宽4-5毫米,基部具短爪;雄蕊多数,花丝线形;雌蕊无毛。果实圆形或宽卵形,红色。花期6-7月,果期8-9月。
  产台湾、广东、广西。生中高海拔干燥地或岩石地或生于山谷溪边疏林内。
  本种和粗叶悬钩子R. alceaefolius Poir.近似,区别在于后者叶边3-7浅裂,裂片常圆钝,稀急尖;花成顶生狭圆锥花序或近总状花序,或成腋生头状花束,稀单生于叶腋;萼片宽卵形,外萼片顶端及边缘掌状至羽状分裂。本种和大乌泡R. multibracteatus Levl. etVant.区别在于后者植株具皮刺;花成狭圆锥花序、总状花序或数朵团集于叶腋;花梗长1-1.5厘米;苞片非红褐色;叶边7-9浅裂,顶生裂片顶端圆钝或近截形。
  Metcalf在Lingn. Sci. Journ. 11:10. 1932中发表红苞悬钩子R. rubribracteatus Metc., 记载花为桔黄色。据模式标本秦仁昌5859号及副模式标本秦仁昌5692号观察,此2号标本的野外记录上花均为白色。同时,我们检查了广西九万大山、龙胜、兴安及广东阳山等地所采标本,花也均为白色。
形态特征:直立或近蔓性灌木;枝圆柱形,密被黄褐色绒毛状柔毛,无皮刺或具稀疏钩状小皮刺。单叶,宽卵形或近圆形,长6—12厘米,宽几与长相等,顶端急尖或圆钝,基部心形,上面具皱纹,幼时有柔毛,下面密被黄灰色绒毛,沿叶脉具柔毛,边缘5浅裂,裂片卵状三角形,顶端急尖,顶生裂片较长大,有不规则粗锯齿,基部具5出脉;叶柄长3—5厘米,密被黄褐色绒毛状柔毛,常无皮刺;托叶离生,卵形至长圆形,长1一1.5厘米,宽5—8毫米,羽状深裂或不规则撕裂,裂片线形或线状披针形。 单花腋生或数朵成顶生短总状花序;总花梗和花梗均密被黄褐色绒毛状柔毛;花梗长3—4毫米,稀稍长;苞片红褐色,形状与托叶相似;花直径约1.5厘米或稍长;花萼外密被黄褐色长柔毛和绒毛;萼片三角状卵形,长”6÷9毫米,宽.1—6毫米,顶端急尖,全缘或仅外萼片顶端浅裂;花瓣宽卵形,长5于6毫米,宽4一5毫米,基部具短爪;雄蕊多数,花丝线形;雌蕊无毛乙·果实圆形或宽卵形,·红色。 花期6-7月,果期8—9.月。
产地分布:产台湾、广东、广西。生中高海拔干燥地或岩石地或生于山谷溪边疏林内。
本种提示:本种和粗叶悬钩子R.alceaefolius Polr. 近似,区别在于后者叶边3—7浅裂,裂片常 圆钝,稀急尖;花成顶生狭圆锥花序或近总状花序,或成腋生头状花束,稀单生于叶腋;萼 片宽卵形,外萼片顶端及边缘掌状至羽状分裂。:本种和大乌泡R.Multibracteatus Levl .Ec vant. 区别在于后者植株具皮刺;花成狭圆锥花序、总状花序或数朵团集于叶腋;花梗长 1-1.5厘米;苞片非红褐色;叶边7—9浅裂,顶生裂片顶端圆钝或近截形。 Metcalf在Lingn.Scl Journ. 11:10.1932中发表红苞悬钩子R.、rubribracteatus Metc, 记载花为桔黄色。据模式标本秦仁昌5859号及副模式标本秦仁昌5692号观察,此2号 标本的野外记录上花均为白色。同时,我们检查了广西九万大山、龙胜、兴安及广东阳山 等地所采标本,花也均为白色。
参考文献:Ruhus formosensis Ktze.Meth.SP.Rub.·73,79,80,82,84,95. 1879;li in Woody F1. Taiwan 309. 1963;Liu ct Su in FL,Taiwan 3:112。 1977.——R. formosanus Maxim.Cx Focke,Bibl.Bot.72(1):117.1910.——R.Randaiensis Hayata in Journ.Coil.Scl Univ.Tokyo 39(1):93,1911(Mat.F1.Formos.)——R.rugosissimusHayatainlcon.PI.Formos.3:93.1913.——R.Nantoensis Hayata in lcon.P1.Formos.7:9.F.5d.1918。——R.Rubribracteatus Metc.In Lingn.Sci.Journ,11:10。1932.Syn.Nov.
亚组概述:Subsect.Moluccani(Focke) Yu et Lu,植物分类学报20(4): 456.1982;,- Sect.Moluccami Focke,BiN.Pot.72(1):71.1910 et 83:28.1914.P.P.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Rubus formosensis  Kuntze
台湾悬钩子   tai wan xuan gou zi
Rubus formosanus Maximowicz ex Focke; R. nantoensis Hayata; R. randaiensis Hayata; R. rubribracteatus F. P. Metcalf; R. rugosissimus Hayata.
Shrubs erect or somewhat scrambling. Branchlets terete, densely yellowish brown tomentose-villous, unarmed or with sparse, curved minute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 3–5 mm, densely yellowish brown tomentose villous, usually unarmed; stipules free, brownish, broadly ovate to oblong, 1–1.5(–2) × 0.6–1(–1.5) cm, margin entire to pinnatipartite or palmatipartite; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, slightly tomentose-villous; blade broadly ovate or suborbicular, 6–12 × 7–13 cm, 5-veined, reticulate veins raised and prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially, abaxially yellowish gray tomentose, soft hairy along veins, adaxially rugose, soft hairy when young, base cordate, margin 3–5-lobed; lobes ovate-triangular, terminal one largest, margin unevenly coarsely serrate, apex acute, rarely obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, short subracemes, 3–5 cm, several flowered, or flowers solitary in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels densely yellow brown tomentose-villous; bracts reddish brown, broadly ovate to oblong, 8–11(–15) × 6–9(–12) mm, often palmatipartite or pinnatipartite; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, slightly hairy. Pedicel 3–4 mm, rarely longer. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam. or slightly longer. Calyx abaxially densely yellowish brown villous and tomentose; tube cupular; sepals triangular to ovate, 6–9 × 4–6 mm, margin entire or outer sepals apically lobed or with few teeth, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Petals white, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 5–8 × 4–7 mm, abaxially glabrous or with few hairs, base clawed, margin sometimes erose. Stamens many, shorter than sepals; filaments 3–4 mm, linear, with few long hairs at apex of anthers. Pistils shorter than stamens; ovary with few hairs. Aggregate fruit red, globose or broadly ovoid, 8–10 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 28*.
Dry places, rocks, stream sides, sparse forests in valleys; Low to high elevations. Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan.

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