弓茎悬钩子Rubus flosculosus Focke
弓茎悬钩子Rubus flosculosus Focke
1.弓茎悬钩子（秦岭植物志）弓茎莓（经济植物手册），小花莓（湖北植物志），山挂牌条（河南）
Rubus flosculosus Focke in Hook. Ic. Pl. ser. 3. 10: 3. sub. pl. 1952. 1891; id. in Engler, Bot. 7ahrb. 29: 401. 1900 et in l. c. 36 (Beibl. 82): 54. 1905: id. Bibl. Bot.72(2): 193. f. 77. 1911; id. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1:54. 1911: Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 5:197. 1924: 秦岭植物志1(2): 540. 图451. 1974. ——R. flosculosus Focke f. parvifolius Focke in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1: 54. 1911. syn. nov. ——R. flosculosus Focke f. laxiflorus Focke in Sarg. l. c. 1: 55. 1911. syn. nov.
形态特征：罐木，高1．5--2．5米；枝拱曲，红褐色，有时被白粉，疏生紫红色钩状扁平皮刺，幼枝被短柔毛。小叶5--7枚，卵形、卵状披针形或卵状长圆形，顶生小叶有时为菱状披针形，长3--7厘米，宽1．5--4厘米，顶端渐尖，基部宽楔形至圆形，上面无毛或近无毛，下面被灰白色绒毛，边缘具粗重锯齿，有时找裂；叶柄长3一5厘米，顶生小叶柄长1--2厘米，侧生小叶几无柄，与叶轴均被柔毛和钩状小皮刺；托叶小，线形，长约，毫米，有柔毛。顶生花序为狭圆锥花序，侧生者为总状花序，花梗和苞片均桩柔毛；花梗细，长5--8毫米；苞片小，线状披针形；花直径5--8毫米；花萼外密被灰白色绒毛；萼片卵形至长卵形，长3--6毫米，顶端急尖而有突尖头，在花果时均直立开展；花瓣近圆形，基部具短爪，粉红色，与萼片几等长或稍长；雄蕊多数，花药紫色，花丝线形；花柱无毛，于房具柔毛。果实球形，直径5—日毫米，红色至红黑色，无毛或微具柔毛;小核卯球形，多皱。 花期6--7月，果期8--9月。
用 途：果较小，甜酸可食，也可供制醋。
产地分布：产河南，山西、陕西、甘肃、湖北、四川、西藏。 生于海拔900--2600米的山谷河旁、沟边或山坡杂木丛中。
本种提示：Focke据云南地区标本发表R.flosculosus Focke subsp·mairelFocke，BiN．Bot．83：45．1914 ln obs non leel．1912 nec Lelv．19130据记载，花白色，开花后花萼直径约12毫米，产云南东川，海拔2600米。我们整理了历年来所采大量云南省标本，并未发现弓茎悬钩子在云南有分布，而仅见到华中悬钩子R．Cockburnlanus Hemsl．的标本。华中悬钩子的花较弓茎悬钩子稍大，由此推测R．Flosculosns Focke subsp.mairei Focke是华中悬钩子的异名。
参考文献：Rubus flosculosus Focke in Hook．Ic．P1．pl 3．10：3．Sub．P1．1952．1891；ld． In Engler，Bat．Jahrb 29：401．1900 et in l.c，36(BeibI．82)：54．1905；id BiN．Bat． 72(2)：193．F，，9．1911；id．In Sarg .Pl Wils 1：54．1911；Bahd．In Joum．Arn．Arb． 5·197 1924；秦岭植物志1(2)：540．图451．1974．--RflasculosusFockef．Parvilolius Focke in Sarg P1．Wils．1：54 1911．Syn．Nov--R．Flosculosus Backe. F．Laxqlorus Focke in Sarg．1、c．1：55．1911 syn. Nov
亚组概述：Subsect．Thyrsidtel(Focke) YU ET Lu，植物分类学报20(3)：295．1982．--Sect，Idaeamhi Focke Set．thyrsidaei Focke，bibl．72(2)：192． 1911 et 83：45．1914．P．P，本亚组有下列9种。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Rubus flosculosus Focke
弓茎悬钩子 gong jing xuan gou zi
Shrubs 1.5–2.5 m tall. Branchlets arching, reddish brown, sometimes glaucous, with sparse, compressed purplish red curved prickles, pubescent when young, glabrescent. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–7-foliolate; petiole 3–5 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets nearly sessile, petiolule and rachis pubescent, with curved prickles; stipules linear, 5–6 mm, margin entire, pubescent; blade of leaflets ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, terminal leaflet sometimes rhombic-lanceolate, 3–7 × 1.5–4 cm, abaxially gray tomentose, adaxially glabrous or subglabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin coarsely doubly serrate, rarely lobed, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, terminal ones narrow cymose panicles, 7–12 cm, axillary ones subracemes; rachis and pedicels pubescent; bracts linear, small, 3–5 mm. Pedicel 5–8 mm, slender. Flowers 5–8 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially gray tomentose, sometimes glabrescent; sepals erect, ovate to narrowly ovate, 4–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute, abruptly pointed. Petals pink, suborbicular, nearly as long as or slightly longer than sepals, base shortly clawed. Stamens many; filaments filiform; anthers purple. Pistils numerous; ovary pubescent; styles glabrous. Aggregate fruit red to reddish black, globose, 5–8 mm in diam., pubescent, glabrescent; pyrenes ovoid-globose, rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
River banks, montane valleys, forested slopes, thickets, roadsides; 900--2800 m. Fujian, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Zhejiang.
别名：弓茎莓;山桂牌条;山掛牌条;山挂牌条;小花莓;阿和;
科名：蔷薇科 Rosaceae
属名：悬钩子属 Rubus
1.弓茎悬钩子（秦岭植物志）弓茎莓（经济植物手册），小花莓（湖北植物志），山挂牌条（河南）
Rubus flosculosus Focke in Hook. Ic. Pl. ser. 3. 10: 3. sub. pl. 1952. 1891; id. in Engler, Bot. 7ahrb. 29: 401. 1900 et in l. c. 36 (Beibl. 82): 54. 1905: id. Bibl. Bot.72(2): 193. f. 77. 1911; id. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1:54. 1911: Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 5:197. 1924: 秦岭植物志1(2): 540. 图451. 1974. ——R. flosculosus Focke f. parvifolius Focke in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1: 54. 1911. syn. nov. ——R. flosculosus Focke f. laxiflorus Focke in Sarg. l. c. 1: 55. 1911. syn. nov.
形态特征：罐木，高1．5--2．5米；枝拱曲，红褐色，有时被白粉，疏生紫红色钩状扁平皮刺，幼枝被短柔毛。小叶5--7枚，卵形、卵状披针形或卵状长圆形，顶生小叶有时为菱状披针形，长3--7厘米，宽1．5--4厘米，顶端渐尖，基部宽楔形至圆形，上面无毛或近无毛，下面被灰白色绒毛，边缘具粗重锯齿，有时找裂；叶柄长3一5厘米，顶生小叶柄长1--2厘米，侧生小叶几无柄，与叶轴均被柔毛和钩状小皮刺；托叶小，线形，长约，毫米，有柔毛。顶生花序为狭圆锥花序，侧生者为总状花序，花梗和苞片均桩柔毛；花梗细，长5--8毫米；苞片小，线状披针形；花直径5--8毫米；花萼外密被灰白色绒毛；萼片卵形至长卵形，长3--6毫米，顶端急尖而有突尖头，在花果时均直立开展；花瓣近圆形，基部具短爪，粉红色，与萼片几等长或稍长；雄蕊多数，花药紫色，花丝线形；花柱无毛，于房具柔毛。果实球形，直径5—日毫米，红色至红黑色，无毛或微具柔毛;小核卯球形，多皱。 花期6--7月，果期8--9月。
用 途：果较小，甜酸可食，也可供制醋。
产地分布：产河南，山西、陕西、甘肃、湖北、四川、西藏。 生于海拔900--2600米的山谷河旁、沟边或山坡杂木丛中。
本种提示：Focke据云南地区标本发表R.flosculosus Focke subsp·mairelFocke，BiN．Bot．83：45．1914 ln obs non leel．1912 nec Lelv．19130据记载，花白色，开花后花萼直径约12毫米，产云南东川，海拔2600米。我们整理了历年来所采大量云南省标本，并未发现弓茎悬钩子在云南有分布，而仅见到华中悬钩子R．Cockburnlanus Hemsl．的标本。华中悬钩子的花较弓茎悬钩子稍大，由此推测R．Flosculosns Focke subsp.mairei Focke是华中悬钩子的异名。
参考文献：Rubus flosculosus Focke in Hook．Ic．P1．pl 3．10：3．Sub．P1．1952．1891；ld． In Engler，Bat．Jahrb 29：401．1900 et in l.c，36(BeibI．82)：54．1905；id BiN．Bat． 72(2)：193．F，，9．1911；id．In Sarg .Pl Wils 1：54．1911；Bahd．In Joum．Arn．Arb． 5·197 1924；秦岭植物志1(2)：540．图451．1974．--RflasculosusFockef．Parvilolius Focke in Sarg P1．Wils．1：54 1911．Syn．Nov--R．Flosculosus Backe. F．Laxqlorus Focke in Sarg．1、c．1：55．1911 syn. Nov
亚组概述：Subsect．Thyrsidtel(Focke) YU ET Lu，植物分类学报20(3)：295．1982．--Sect，Idaeamhi Focke Set．thyrsidaei Focke，bibl．72(2)：192． 1911 et 83：45．1914．P．P，本亚组有下列9种。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Rubus flosculosus Focke
弓茎悬钩子 gong jing xuan gou zi
Shrubs 1.5–2.5 m tall. Branchlets arching, reddish brown, sometimes glaucous, with sparse, compressed purplish red curved prickles, pubescent when young, glabrescent. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–7-foliolate; petiole 3–5 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets nearly sessile, petiolule and rachis pubescent, with curved prickles; stipules linear, 5–6 mm, margin entire, pubescent; blade of leaflets ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, terminal leaflet sometimes rhombic-lanceolate, 3–7 × 1.5–4 cm, abaxially gray tomentose, adaxially glabrous or subglabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin coarsely doubly serrate, rarely lobed, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, terminal ones narrow cymose panicles, 7–12 cm, axillary ones subracemes; rachis and pedicels pubescent; bracts linear, small, 3–5 mm. Pedicel 5–8 mm, slender. Flowers 5–8 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially gray tomentose, sometimes glabrescent; sepals erect, ovate to narrowly ovate, 4–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute, abruptly pointed. Petals pink, suborbicular, nearly as long as or slightly longer than sepals, base shortly clawed. Stamens many; filaments filiform; anthers purple. Pistils numerous; ovary pubescent; styles glabrous. Aggregate fruit red to reddish black, globose, 5–8 mm in diam., pubescent, glabrescent; pyrenes ovoid-globose, rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
River banks, montane valleys, forested slopes, thickets, roadsides; 900--2800 m. Fujian, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Zhejiang.