栏目

李Prunus salicina Linn.

李Prunus salicina Linn.

别名:Japanese plum;李根皮;李子树;李子仁;中国李;嘉庆李;李仔;灰子;嘉庆子;野山李;苦李;李核仁;李仁;黄蜡李;李实;李树;苦李子;野李子;柳;嘉应子;山李子;玉花;小李仁;喜庆子;郁李仁;加庆子;大李仁;艾努拉;三华李;野李;李子;玉皇李;秧李子;野苦李;普通李;乌兰-归勒斯;苏李;水李子;

科名:蔷薇科 Rosaceae

属名:李属 Prunus

《中国植物志》第38卷039页
  6. 李(诗经) 山李子(河南),嘉庆子,嘉应子(南京),玉皇李(北京)
  Prunus salicina Lindl. in Trans Hort. Soc. Lond. 7:239. 1828; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 5:210. 1924; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学 461. 1937; 广州植物志 289. 1955; 江苏南部种子植物手册 341. 1959; Ohwi, Fl. Japan 542. 1965; Vidal in Fl. Camb. Laos et View. 6:159. 1968; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 316. 图2361. 1972; 秦岭植物志 580. 1974; 俞德浚, 中国果树分类学 55. f. 18. 1979. ——Prunus triflora Roxburgh Hort. Bengal 38. 1814. nom., et Fl. Ind. 2: 501. 1832. saphalm. "trifolia" Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 315. 1878; Koehne in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1: 276. 1912, et 580. 1913; Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 5: 42. t. 26. 1916 non Rafinesque 1820. ——Prunus ichangana Schneid. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 1: 50 1905. ——Prunus botan Andr6 in Rev. Hort. 1895: 160. t. 1895: Koehne in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1: 280. 1912. pro syn. ——Prunus masu Hort ex Koehne l. c. 1912 pro syn., per error pro Maru; Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2826. 1916. pro syn. ——Prunus domestica auct. non L.: Bge. in Mem. Div. Sav. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 2: 96. 1835. ——Prunus communis auct. non Hudson: Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 29: 88, 1833
形态特征:落叶小乔木。叶长5—10厘米,宽3—4厘米,边缘有细密、浅圆钝重锯齿,无毛或下面脉腋间有毛,叶柄长1—1.5厘米,无毛,萼筒钟状,无毛,裂片卵形,边缘有细齿,花瓣白色,长圆状倒卵形,雄蕊多数,约与花瓣等长,心皮1,无毛。核果卵球形,直径4—7厘米,先端常尖,基部凹陷
用    途:栽培品种的果实供食用,是普通的水果。野生品种果实味苦。不堪食用,但可作栽培品种嫁接的砧木。核仁含量45%左右,又入药,能活血祛谈、滑肠、利水,治跌打损伤、瘀血作痛、大便燥结、浮肿。根入药,能清热解毒、利湿、止痛,治牙痛、消渴、利疾、白带。树干分泌的胶质(称
分    布:产神农架
生    境:海拔1600米以下地区。
繁殖方式:栽培品种用嫁接繁殖,砧木采用实生苗。
同属提示:同属植物红坪杏,是由四川生物所李朝銮同志定名的新种,模式标本产于红坪,当地名杏子树。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Prunus salicina  Lindley
李   li
Trees 9–12 m tall; branchlets, petioles, pedicels, outside base of hypanthium glabrous or densely pubescent. Branches purplish brown to reddish brown; branchlets yellowish red. Winter buds purplish red, usually glabrous or rarely hairy at scale margins. Stipules linear, margin glandular, apex acuminate. Petiole 1–2 cm, apex with 2 nectaries; leaf blade oblong-obovate, narrowly elliptic, or rarely oblong-ovate, 6–8(–12) × 3–5 cm, adaxially dark green and lustrous, base cuneate, margin doubly crenate and often mixed with simple gland-tipped teeth when young, apex acute to shortly caudate; secondary veins 6 or 7 on either side of midvein, not extending to leaf margin. Flowers usually 3 in a fascicle, 1.5–2.2 cm in diam. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. Sepals oblong-ovate, ca. 5 mm, outside glabrous, margin loosely serrate, apex acute to obtuse. Petals white, oblong-obovate, base cuneate, margin erose near apex. Ovary glabrous. Stigma disc-shaped. Drupe yellow or red, sometimes green or purple, globose, ovoid, or conical, 3.5–5 cm in diam., to 7 cm in diam. in horticultural forms, glaucous; endocarp ovoid to oblong, rugose. Fl. Apr, fr. Jul–Aug.
Sparse forests, forest margins, thickets, scrub, along trails in mountains, stream sides in valleys, also cultivated; 200--2600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

【拼音名】 Lǐ
【来源】 蔷薇科梅属植物Prunus salicina Lindl.,以种仁入药。春季采根,夏季采果,分别晒干。
【性味】 根:苦,寒。
种仁:苦,平。
【功能主治】 根:清热解毒,利湿,止痛。用于牙痛,消渴,痢疾,白带。
种仁:活血祛瘀,滑肠,利水。用于跌打损伤,淤血作痛,大便燥结,浮肿。
【用法用量】 根3~5钱;种仁2~4钱。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》

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