栏目

坚核桂樱Laurocerasus jenkinsii (Hook. f.) Yü et Lu

坚核桂樱Laurocerasus jenkinsii (Hook. f.) Yü et Lu

别名:坚核桂英;阿萨姆稠李;

科名:蔷薇科 Rosaceae

属名:桂樱属 Laurocerasus

《中国植物志》第38卷116页
  7.坚核桂樱 阿萨姆稠李(拉汉种子植物名称)图版19:1-2
  Laurocerasus jenkinsii (Hook. f.) Yu et Lu in Bull. Bot. Research 4 (4):48. 1984. ——Prunus jenkinsii Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2:317. 1878: Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1:650. 1906; Koehne in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 52: 300. 1915: Kalkm. in Blumea 13(1): 37. 1965.
  常绿乔木,高可达20米;小枝红褐色至黑褐色,疏生小皮孔,无毛。叶片草质至薄革质,长圆形,稀倒卵状长圆形,长(6)8-16厘米,宽2.5-5厘米。先端短渐尖至尾尖,基部宽楔形,叶边疏生针状尖锐浅锯齿,有时近基部或中部以下全缘,两面无毛,上面光亮,下面色较浅,基部近叶缘常有1对紫黑色扁平基腺,叶脉10-14对,在上面微突起或稍凹陷,下面明显突起;叶柄长5-10毫米,无毛;托叶早落。总状花序单生于叶腋,长5-8厘米,具短柔毛;花梗长2-3毫米;苞片长2-2.5毫米,早落,具短柔毛,位于花序基部者常无花,先端3浅裂或具3齿;花萼微具柔毛;萼筒长约1.5-2毫米;萼片卵状三角形,长1-2毫米,有睫毛;花瓣近圆形,直径2-3毫米,白色,无毛;雄蕊约20-30,长4-5毫米;子房无毛,花柱稍长于雄蕊。果实宽椭圆形或倒卵球形,两端狭,顶端较圆钝,长17-20毫米,宽14-16毫米,暗褐色,无毛;核壁厚而坚硬,表面具明显粗网纹。花期秋季,果期冬季至翌年春季。
  产云南西南部。生于山地沟底阴处疏密林中,海拔1000-1800米。印度东北部、孟加拉和缅甸北部也有。
  本种果实大,核坚实,在桂樱属中较为独特。
形态特征:常绿乔木,高可达20米;小枝红褐色至黑褐色,疏生小皮孔,无毛。叶片草质至薄革质,长圆形,稀倒卵状长圆形,长(6)8—16厘米,宽2.5—5厘米。先端短渐尖至尾尖,基邮宽楔形,叶边疏生针状尖锐浅锯齿,有时近基部或中部以下全缘,两面无毛,上面光亮,下面色较浅,基部近叶缘常有1对紫黑色扁平基腺,叶脉10—14对,在上面微突起或稍凹陷,下面明显突起;叶柄长5—10毫米,无毛;托叶早落。总状花序单生于叶腋,长5—8厘米,具短柔毛;花梗长2—3毫米;苞片长2—2.5毫米,早落,具短柔毛,位于花序基部者常无花,先端3浅裂或具3齿;花萼微具柔毛;萼筒长约1.5—2毫米;萼片卵状三角形,长1—2毫米,有睫毛;花瓣近圆形,直径2—3毫米,白色,无毛;雄蕊约20—30,长4—5毫米;子房无毛,花柱稍长于雄蕊。果实宽椭圆形或倒卵球形,两端狭,顶端较圆钝,长1,一20毫米,宽14—16毫米,暗褐色,无毛;核壁厚而坚硬,表面具明显粗网纹。花期秋季,果期冬季至翌年春季。
产地分布:产云南西南部。生于山地沟底阴处疏密林中,海拔1000—1800米。印度东北部、孟加拉和缅甸北部也有。
本种提示:本种果实大,核坚实,在桂樱属中较为独特。
参考文献:Laurocerasus jenkinsii(Hook.f.)Yu et Lu in Bull.Bot.Research4(4):48.1984.——Prunus jenkinsii Hook.f.Fl.Brit.Ind.2:317.1878;Schneid.Ill.Handb.Laubh.1:650.1906;Koehne in Engler,Bot.Jahrb.52:300.1915;Kalkm.in Blumea 13(1):37.1965.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Laurocerasus jenkinsii  (J. D. Hooker) Browicz
坚核桂樱   jian he gui ying
Prunus jenkinsii J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 317. 1878.
Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown to blackish brown, glabrous, with sparse suborbicular small lenticels. Winter buds reddish brown, ovoid, 2–4 mm, glabrous. Petiole 5–10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong to rarely obovate-oblong, (6–)8–16 × 2.5–5 cm, herbaceous to thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially paler and usually with a pair of purplish black basal nectaries near margin, adaxially shining, base broadly cuneate, margin sparsely and shallowly acicularly serrate or sometimes entire near base or basally from middle, apex shortly acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 10–14 on either side of midvein, abaxially raised, adaxially slightly prominent to somewhat impressed. Racemes axillary, solitary, 5–9 cm; rachis sparsely pubescent; bracts 2–2.5 mm, soon caducous, slightly pubescent, basal ones usually sterile, dark, hard, and tridentate at apex. Pedicel 2–3 mm, sparsely pubescent. Hypanthium shortly campanulate, 1.5–2 mm, outside slight pubescent. Sepals ovate-triangular, 1–2 mm, outside slightly pubescent, margin ciliate. Petals white, suborbicular, 2–3 mm in diam., glabrous. Stamens 20–30, 4–5 mm, glabrous. Ovary glabrous. Style slightly longer to nearly as long as stamens. Drupe dark brown, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid-globose, 1.7–2 × 1.4–1.6 cm, glabrous, narrowed towards base and apex but apex more obtuse; endocarp thick and hard, prominently coarsely reticulately rugose. Fl. autumn, fr. winter to spring.
Forests, mountain regions, ravines; 1000--1800 m. SW Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, N India, N Myanmar].

TOP