酸枣Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chow.

别名：棘;樲;角针;山枣树;酸枣仁;酸枣树;酸枣子;小山栆;野枣子;硬枣;枣仁;哲日力格-查巴嘎;

科名：鼠李科 Rhamnaceae

属名：枣属 Ziziphus

《中国植物志》第48(1)卷135页
  1c. 酸枣（变种）（神农本草经）棘，酸枣树，角针（山东），硬枣（河南），山枣树（河南）图版36: 5-7
  Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow. Fam. Trees Hopei 307, f. 118. 1934. ——Z. vulgaris Lam. var. spinosa Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petarsb. 2: 88. 1833.——Z. sativa Gaertn. var. spinosa (Bunge) Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 281. 1909. ——Z. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex Chen,中国树木分类学750.图639. 1937. ——Z. jujuba auct. non Mill.;中国高等植物图鉴2: 753.图3236.1972.
  本变种常为灌木，叶较小，核果小，近球形或短矩圆形，直径0.7-1.2厘米，具薄的中果皮，味酸，核两端钝，与上述的变种显然不同。花期6-7月，果期8-9月。
  辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山东、山西、河南、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、新疆、江苏、安徽等。常生于向阳、干燥山坡、丘陵、岗地或平原。朝鲜及苏联也有分布。
  酸枣的种子酸枣仁入药，有镇定安神之功效，主治神经衰弱、失眠等症；果实肉薄，但含有丰富的维生素C，生食或制作果酱；花芳香多蜜腺，为华北地区的重要蜜源植物之一；枝具锐刺，常用作绿篱。
  本变种的学名，前人所沿用的胡先骕组合的学名，经查证系1934年在周汉藩的《河北习见树木图说》书中最早使用。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa  (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow
酸枣   suan zao
Ziziphus vulgaris var. spinosa Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 14. 1833 ["spinosus"]; Z. sativa var. spinosa (Bunge) C. K. Schneider; Z. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex F. H. Chen (1937), not Saint-Lager (1880).
Plants often shrubs. Branches erect, not tortuous, with spines. Leaves small. Drupe subglobose or broadly oblong, small, 0.7-1.2 cm in diam.; mesocarp sour-tasting, thin; stone obtuse at both ends. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 24*.
● Hills, sunny dry slopes, plains. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang.
The seeds are used medicinally for relieving muscle spasms, as a tranquilizer, or to treat insomnia. The fruit is thin, but rich in vitamins, and is eaten fresh or used for making jam. The flowers are fragrant and rich in nectar, so the variety is considered an important honey plant in N China. Because of the spiny branches, it is often planted to form hedges.