异叶鼠李Rhamnus heterophylla Oliv.
异叶鼠李Rhamnus heterophylla Oliv.
9．异叶鼠李（中国高等植物图鉴）崖枣树（中国树木分类学）
Rhamnus heterophylla Oliv. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1759. 1888; Pritz. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 459. 1900; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 232. 1914;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学742. 1937; Grub. in Act. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS ser. 1, 8: 296. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 756,图3242. 1972. ——R. cavaleriei Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 9: 326. 1910. ——R. heterophylla Oliv. var. oblongifolius Pritz. 1. c. 29: 459. 1900. syn. nov.
矮小灌木，高2米，枝无刺，幼枝和小枝细长，被密短柔毛。叶纸质，大小异形，在同侧交替互生，小叶近圆形或卵圆形，长0.5-1.5厘米，顶端圆形或钝；大叶矩圆形、卵状椭圆形或卵状矩圆形，长1.5-4.5厘米，宽1-2.2厘米，顶端锐尖或短渐尖，常具小尖头，基部楔形或圆形，边缘具细锯齿或细圆齿，干时多少背卷，上面浅绿色，两面无毛或仅下面脉腋被簇毛，稀沿脉被疏短柔毛，侧脉每边2-4条，上面不明显，下面稍凸起，叶柄长2-7毫米，有短柔毛；托叶钻形或线状披针形，短于叶柄，宿存。花单性，雌雄异株，单生或2-3个簇生于侧枝上的叶腋，5基数，花梗长1-2毫米，被疏微柔毛；萼片外面被疏柔毛，内面具3脉；雄花的花瓣匙形，顶端微凹，具退化雌蕊，子房不发育，花柱3半裂；雌花花瓣小，2浅裂，早落，有极小的退化雄蕊，子房球形，3室，每室有1胚珠，花柱短，3半裂。核果球形，基部有宿存的萼筒，成熟时黑色，具3分核；果梗长1-2毫米；种子背面具长为种子4/5上窄下宽的纵沟。花期5-8月，果期9-12月。
产甘肃东南部（文县、武都、成县、壁口〕、陕西南部（眉县、城固、略阳、南郑、紫阳、洋县、岚皋等）、湖北西部（宜昌、兴山）、四川、贵州及云南（保山）。生于山坡灌丛或林缘，海拔300-1450米。模式标本采自湖北宜昌。果实含黄色染料；嫩叶可代茶。
本种的叶大小异形，形状及大小多变异。Pritzel (1900)发表的另一变种var. oblongifolius Pritz.仅以“叶较大，狭披针形”与原变种相区别，而应予合并。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Rhamnus heterophylla Oliver
异叶鼠李 yi ye shu li
Rhamnus cavaleriei H. Léveillé (10 May 1911), not H. Léveillé (5 Dec 1911); R. heterophylla var. oblongifolia E. Pritzel.
Shrubs low, climbing, dioecious, to 2 m tall, unarmed. Young branches and branchlets slender, densely pubescent. Stipules subulate or linear-lanceolate, shorter than petioles, persistent; petiole 2-7 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially vivid green, oblong, ovate-elliptic, or ovate-oblong, 1.5-4.5 × 1-2.2 cm, papery to subleathery, abaxially pubescent in vein axils and on major veins, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 2-4 pairs, slightly prominent abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially, base cuneate or rounded, margin serrulate or crenulate, ± revolute when dry, apex acute, often mucronulate. Flowers unisexual, 5-merous, solitary or 2- or 3-clustered in axils of small leaflike bracts. Pedicels 1-2 mm, sparsely puberulent. Sepals puberulent, adaxially 3-veined. Male flowers: petals spatulate, apex emarginate, with rudimentary pistil; ovary abortive. Female flowers: petals 2-fid, caducous, with very small rudimentary stamens; ovary globose, 3-loculed; style short, 3-cleft to half. Drupe black at maturity, globose, with persistent calyx tube at base, with 3 stones; fruiting pedicel 1-2 mm. Seeds abaxially with margined furrow extending over 4/5 of length. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Nov-Dec.
● Forest margins, thickets on mountain slopes; 300-1500 m. SE Gansu, Guizhou, W Hubei, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
The fruit contains yellow dye, and the young leaves are used as a substitute for tea.
This species is variable. Pritzel (Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 459. 1900) published Rhamnus heterophylla var. oblongifolia as different from var. heterophylla based on "leaves larger, narrowly lanceolate"; however, we reduced it here in synonymy.
别名：异地鼠李;紫果叶;女儿茶;崖枣树;岩枣树;异叶李鼠;岩果紫;
科名：鼠李科 Rhamnaceae
属名：鼠李属 Rhamnus
9．异叶鼠李（中国高等植物图鉴）崖枣树（中国树木分类学）
Rhamnus heterophylla Oliv. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1759. 1888; Pritz. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 459. 1900; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 232. 1914;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学742. 1937; Grub. in Act. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS ser. 1, 8: 296. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 756,图3242. 1972. ——R. cavaleriei Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 9: 326. 1910. ——R. heterophylla Oliv. var. oblongifolius Pritz. 1. c. 29: 459. 1900. syn. nov.
矮小灌木，高2米，枝无刺，幼枝和小枝细长，被密短柔毛。叶纸质，大小异形，在同侧交替互生，小叶近圆形或卵圆形，长0.5-1.5厘米，顶端圆形或钝；大叶矩圆形、卵状椭圆形或卵状矩圆形，长1.5-4.5厘米，宽1-2.2厘米，顶端锐尖或短渐尖，常具小尖头，基部楔形或圆形，边缘具细锯齿或细圆齿，干时多少背卷，上面浅绿色，两面无毛或仅下面脉腋被簇毛，稀沿脉被疏短柔毛，侧脉每边2-4条，上面不明显，下面稍凸起，叶柄长2-7毫米，有短柔毛；托叶钻形或线状披针形，短于叶柄，宿存。花单性，雌雄异株，单生或2-3个簇生于侧枝上的叶腋，5基数，花梗长1-2毫米，被疏微柔毛；萼片外面被疏柔毛，内面具3脉；雄花的花瓣匙形，顶端微凹，具退化雌蕊，子房不发育，花柱3半裂；雌花花瓣小，2浅裂，早落，有极小的退化雄蕊，子房球形，3室，每室有1胚珠，花柱短，3半裂。核果球形，基部有宿存的萼筒，成熟时黑色，具3分核；果梗长1-2毫米；种子背面具长为种子4/5上窄下宽的纵沟。花期5-8月，果期9-12月。
产甘肃东南部（文县、武都、成县、壁口〕、陕西南部（眉县、城固、略阳、南郑、紫阳、洋县、岚皋等）、湖北西部（宜昌、兴山）、四川、贵州及云南（保山）。生于山坡灌丛或林缘，海拔300-1450米。模式标本采自湖北宜昌。果实含黄色染料；嫩叶可代茶。
本种的叶大小异形，形状及大小多变异。Pritzel (1900)发表的另一变种var. oblongifolius Pritz.仅以“叶较大，狭披针形”与原变种相区别，而应予合并。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Rhamnus heterophylla Oliver
异叶鼠李 yi ye shu li
Rhamnus cavaleriei H. Léveillé (10 May 1911), not H. Léveillé (5 Dec 1911); R. heterophylla var. oblongifolia E. Pritzel.
Shrubs low, climbing, dioecious, to 2 m tall, unarmed. Young branches and branchlets slender, densely pubescent. Stipules subulate or linear-lanceolate, shorter than petioles, persistent; petiole 2-7 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially vivid green, oblong, ovate-elliptic, or ovate-oblong, 1.5-4.5 × 1-2.2 cm, papery to subleathery, abaxially pubescent in vein axils and on major veins, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 2-4 pairs, slightly prominent abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially, base cuneate or rounded, margin serrulate or crenulate, ± revolute when dry, apex acute, often mucronulate. Flowers unisexual, 5-merous, solitary or 2- or 3-clustered in axils of small leaflike bracts. Pedicels 1-2 mm, sparsely puberulent. Sepals puberulent, adaxially 3-veined. Male flowers: petals spatulate, apex emarginate, with rudimentary pistil; ovary abortive. Female flowers: petals 2-fid, caducous, with very small rudimentary stamens; ovary globose, 3-loculed; style short, 3-cleft to half. Drupe black at maturity, globose, with persistent calyx tube at base, with 3 stones; fruiting pedicel 1-2 mm. Seeds abaxially with margined furrow extending over 4/5 of length. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Nov-Dec.
● Forest margins, thickets on mountain slopes; 300-1500 m. SE Gansu, Guizhou, W Hubei, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
The fruit contains yellow dye, and the young leaves are used as a substitute for tea.
This species is variable. Pritzel (Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 459. 1900) published Rhamnus heterophylla var. oblongifolia as different from var. heterophylla based on "leaves larger, narrowly lanceolate"; however, we reduced it here in synonymy.