圆叶鼠李Rhamnus globosa Bunge
圆叶鼠李Rhamnus globosa Bunge
27. 圆叶鼠李（江苏南部种子植物手册）山绿柴、冻绿（浙江），冻绿树、黑旦子（安徽），偶栗子（山东）
Rhamnus globosa Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 2: 88. 1833; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 284, f. 195 f-f2,196 p-s. 1909, et in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 248. 1914; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学741, 1937; Grub. in Act. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS ser. 1, 8: 329. 1949; 裴鉴等, 江苏南部种子植物手册473. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 760.图3250. 1972. ——R. chlorophora Decne. in Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 44: 1140. 1857.——R. tinctoria Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 129. 1888, non Wald. et Kit.
灌木，稀小乔木，高2-4米；小枝对生或近对生，灰褐色，顶端具针刺，幼枝和当年生枝被短柔毛。叶纸质或薄纸质，对生或近对生，稀兼互生，或在短枝上簇生，近圆形、倒卵状圆形或卵圆形，稀圆状椭圆形，长2-6厘米，宽1.2-4厘米，顶端突尖或短渐尖，稀圆钝，基部宽楔形或近圆形，边缘具圆齿状锯齿，上面绿色，初时被密柔毛，后渐脱落或仅沿脉及边缘被疏柔毛，下面淡绿色，全部或沿脉被柔毛，侧脉每边3-4条，上面下陷，下面凸起，网脉在下面明显，叶柄长6-10毫米，被密柔毛；托叶线状披针形，宿存，有微毛。花单性，雌雄异株，通常数个至20个簇生于短枝端或长枝下部叶腋，稀2-3个生于当年生枝下部叶腋，4基数，有花瓣，花萼和花梗均有疏微毛，花柱2-3浅裂或半裂；花梗长4-8毫米。核果球形或倒卵状球形，长4-6毫米，直径4-5毫米，基部有宿存的萼筒，具2、稀3分核，成熟时黑色；果梗长5-8毫米，有疏柔毛；种子黑褐色，有光泽，背面或背侧有长为种子3/5的纵沟。花期4-5月，果期6-10月。
产辽宁（金县）、河北（灵寿、北京）、山西〔翼城、雪花山）、河南南部和西部、陕西南部、山东（牟平、烟合、青岛）、安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、湖南及甘肃（兰州、庄浪）。生于海拔1600米以下的山坡、林下或灌丛中。模式标本采自北京郊区。
种子榨油供润滑油用；茎皮、果实及根可作绿色染料；果实烘干，捣碎和红糖水煎水服，可治肿毒。
本种在叶形上有时容易与小叶鼠李R. parvifolia Bunge相混淆，但本种的枝和叶均对生或近对生；幼枝、叶两面、叶柄、花、花梗和果梗均被短柔毛，叶通常近圆形，侧脉3-4 (5)条，上面下陷；种子背面自基部至中部具短纵沟等，与后者不难区别。与朝鲜鼠李R. koraiensis Schneid.在毛被上比较近似，但后者的枝、叶互生，叶较大，侧脉每边通常5-6条，与本种不同。▽C. K. Schneider (1914)曾经依据Meyer采自山东Lung-Tung附近的一张果实的标本(Meyer 249)发表了R. meyeri Schneid.,认为该种“小枝被细柔毛，近对生，叶对生，卵形，卵圆形或圆形，上面被疏微柔毛，下面沿脉有疏柔毛和髯毛，叶柄有疏毛”与本种极为相似，“仅以种子背面具较宽的沟有别”。从该种的原始记载看来，似乎与本种没有明显的差别。但未见到模式标本，有待今后进一步证实。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Rhamnus globosa Bunge
圆叶鼠李 yuan ye shu li
Rhamnus chlorophora Decaisne; R. globosa var. meyeri (C. K. Schneider) S. Y. Li & Z. H. Ning; R. meyeri C. K. Schneider.
Shrubs, rarely small trees, dioecious, 2-4 m tall, spinose, divaricate. Branchlets opposite or subopposite, gray-brown, terminating in a spine; young branches puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves opposite or subopposite, rarely alternate, or fascicled on short shoots; stipules persistent, linear-lanceolate, puberulent; petiole 6-10 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, suborbicular, obovate-orbicular, or ovate-orbicular, rarely orbicular-elliptic, 1-6 × 1.2-4 cm, papery or thinly papery, abaxially throughout or on veins pubescent, adaxially initially densely pubescent, glabrescent, or only veins and margin becoming sparsely pubescent, lateral veins (2 or)3 or 4 pairs, prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin irregularly crenate-serrate, apex acute or shortly acuminate, rarely rounded-obtuse. Flowers unisexual, 4-merous, usually few- to 20-fascicled on terminal branches or in leaf axils of lower parts of long shoots, rarely 2- or 3-fascicled in leaf axils of annual branches; petals, calyx, and pedicels sparsely puberulent. Pedicels 4-8(-10) mm. Style 2- or 3-fid or cleft to half. Drupe black at maturity, globose or obovoid-globose, often slightly asymmetric, 4-6 mm in diam., with persistent calyx tube at base, with 2(or 3) stones; fruiting pedicel 5-8 mm, sparsely pubescent. Seeds black-brown, shiny, abaxially or laterally with margined furrow extending over 3/5 of length. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Oct.
● Understories of forests and thickets, slopes; below 1600 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, S and W Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, SW Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi.
Oil extracted from the seeds is used for making lubricating oil. The bark, fruit, and roots are used for making a green dye.
别名：老鹤眼;偶栗子;欧李子;辽东鼠李;洞皮树;护山鸡;黑乌枝刺;老鹳眼;冻绿;冻绿树;烧烂锅;臭李子;黑格郎;陶古日格-牙西拉;山冻柴;鼠李;黑旦子;留口枝子;冻绿刺;园叶鼠李;地蹦子;野苦楝子;鸭屎树;乌李豆子;山绿柴;lokao;
科名：鼠李科 Rhamnaceae
属名：鼠李属 Rhamnus
27. 圆叶鼠李（江苏南部种子植物手册）山绿柴、冻绿（浙江），冻绿树、黑旦子（安徽），偶栗子（山东）
Rhamnus globosa Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 2: 88. 1833; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 284, f. 195 f-f2,196 p-s. 1909, et in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 248. 1914; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学741, 1937; Grub. in Act. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS ser. 1, 8: 329. 1949; 裴鉴等, 江苏南部种子植物手册473. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 760.图3250. 1972. ——R. chlorophora Decne. in Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 44: 1140. 1857.——R. tinctoria Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 129. 1888, non Wald. et Kit.
灌木，稀小乔木，高2-4米；小枝对生或近对生，灰褐色，顶端具针刺，幼枝和当年生枝被短柔毛。叶纸质或薄纸质，对生或近对生，稀兼互生，或在短枝上簇生，近圆形、倒卵状圆形或卵圆形，稀圆状椭圆形，长2-6厘米，宽1.2-4厘米，顶端突尖或短渐尖，稀圆钝，基部宽楔形或近圆形，边缘具圆齿状锯齿，上面绿色，初时被密柔毛，后渐脱落或仅沿脉及边缘被疏柔毛，下面淡绿色，全部或沿脉被柔毛，侧脉每边3-4条，上面下陷，下面凸起，网脉在下面明显，叶柄长6-10毫米，被密柔毛；托叶线状披针形，宿存，有微毛。花单性，雌雄异株，通常数个至20个簇生于短枝端或长枝下部叶腋，稀2-3个生于当年生枝下部叶腋，4基数，有花瓣，花萼和花梗均有疏微毛，花柱2-3浅裂或半裂；花梗长4-8毫米。核果球形或倒卵状球形，长4-6毫米，直径4-5毫米，基部有宿存的萼筒，具2、稀3分核，成熟时黑色；果梗长5-8毫米，有疏柔毛；种子黑褐色，有光泽，背面或背侧有长为种子3/5的纵沟。花期4-5月，果期6-10月。
产辽宁（金县）、河北（灵寿、北京）、山西〔翼城、雪花山）、河南南部和西部、陕西南部、山东（牟平、烟合、青岛）、安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、湖南及甘肃（兰州、庄浪）。生于海拔1600米以下的山坡、林下或灌丛中。模式标本采自北京郊区。
种子榨油供润滑油用；茎皮、果实及根可作绿色染料；果实烘干，捣碎和红糖水煎水服，可治肿毒。
本种在叶形上有时容易与小叶鼠李R. parvifolia Bunge相混淆，但本种的枝和叶均对生或近对生；幼枝、叶两面、叶柄、花、花梗和果梗均被短柔毛，叶通常近圆形，侧脉3-4 (5)条，上面下陷；种子背面自基部至中部具短纵沟等，与后者不难区别。与朝鲜鼠李R. koraiensis Schneid.在毛被上比较近似，但后者的枝、叶互生，叶较大，侧脉每边通常5-6条，与本种不同。▽C. K. Schneider (1914)曾经依据Meyer采自山东Lung-Tung附近的一张果实的标本(Meyer 249)发表了R. meyeri Schneid.,认为该种“小枝被细柔毛，近对生，叶对生，卵形，卵圆形或圆形，上面被疏微柔毛，下面沿脉有疏柔毛和髯毛，叶柄有疏毛”与本种极为相似，“仅以种子背面具较宽的沟有别”。从该种的原始记载看来，似乎与本种没有明显的差别。但未见到模式标本，有待今后进一步证实。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Rhamnus globosa Bunge
圆叶鼠李 yuan ye shu li
Rhamnus chlorophora Decaisne; R. globosa var. meyeri (C. K. Schneider) S. Y. Li & Z. H. Ning; R. meyeri C. K. Schneider.
Shrubs, rarely small trees, dioecious, 2-4 m tall, spinose, divaricate. Branchlets opposite or subopposite, gray-brown, terminating in a spine; young branches puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves opposite or subopposite, rarely alternate, or fascicled on short shoots; stipules persistent, linear-lanceolate, puberulent; petiole 6-10 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, suborbicular, obovate-orbicular, or ovate-orbicular, rarely orbicular-elliptic, 1-6 × 1.2-4 cm, papery or thinly papery, abaxially throughout or on veins pubescent, adaxially initially densely pubescent, glabrescent, or only veins and margin becoming sparsely pubescent, lateral veins (2 or)3 or 4 pairs, prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin irregularly crenate-serrate, apex acute or shortly acuminate, rarely rounded-obtuse. Flowers unisexual, 4-merous, usually few- to 20-fascicled on terminal branches or in leaf axils of lower parts of long shoots, rarely 2- or 3-fascicled in leaf axils of annual branches; petals, calyx, and pedicels sparsely puberulent. Pedicels 4-8(-10) mm. Style 2- or 3-fid or cleft to half. Drupe black at maturity, globose or obovoid-globose, often slightly asymmetric, 4-6 mm in diam., with persistent calyx tube at base, with 2(or 3) stones; fruiting pedicel 5-8 mm, sparsely pubescent. Seeds black-brown, shiny, abaxially or laterally with margined furrow extending over 3/5 of length. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Oct.
● Understories of forests and thickets, slopes; below 1600 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, S and W Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, SW Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi.
Oil extracted from the seeds is used for making lubricating oil. The bark, fruit, and roots are used for making a green dye.