金刚鼠李Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai
金刚鼠李Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai
34. 金刚鼠李（东北木本植物图志） 图版18：3-4
Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31: 98. 1917, et Fl. Sylv. Kor. 9: 27, Pl. 10. 1920; J. Vass. in Not. Syst. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 8: 115. 1940; Grub. in Act. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS ser. 1, 8: 327. 1949; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志 406. 1955. ——R. virgata Roxb. var. sylvestris Maxim. in Mem Acad. sci st. Petersb. ser. 7, 10: 13. 1. 30-32. 1866. ——R. globosa auct. non Bung: Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3: 111. 1907. p. p. non Bunge ——R. Parvifolia auct. non Bung: Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 312. 1939. p. p.
灌木，全株近无毛；小枝对生或近对生，暗紫色，平滑而有光泽，枝端具针刺；长枝的腋芽小，鳞片无毛。叶纸质或薄纸质，对生或近对生，偶有互生，近圆形、卵圆状菱形或椭圆形，长3-7厘米，宽1.5-3.5(4.5)厘米，顶端突尖或渐尖，基部楔形或近圆形，边缘具圆齿状锯齿，两面无毛或稀上面沿中脉有疏柔毛，下面脉腋有疏柔毛，侧脉每边4-5条；叶柄长1-2（3）厘米，无毛；托叶线状披针形，边缘有缘毛，早落。花单性，雌雄异株，4基数，有花瓣，通常数个簇生于短枝端或长枝下部叶腋；花梗长3-4毫米。核果近球形或倒卵状球形，长约6毫米，直径4-6毫米，黑色或紫黑色，具1或2分核，基部具宿存的萼筒；果梗长7-8毫米；种子黑褐色，背侧有长为种子1/4-1/3的短沟，上部有沟缝。花期5-6月，果期7-9月。
产吉林、黑龙江、辽宁。生于沟边或林中。朝鲜、日本、苏联远东地区也有分布。模式标本采自朝鲜金刚山。
此种小枝暗紫色，平滑无毛，对生或近对生；叶较大，近圆形、卵圆状菱形或椭圆形，上面沿中脉被疏毛，叶柄较长，可达3厘米，种子背侧具短沟等与小叶鼠李 R. parvifolia Bunge 相区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai
金刚鼠李 jin gang shu li
Rhamnus virgata Roxburgh var. sylvestris Maximowicz.
Shrubs dioecious, to 2 m tall, spinose. Branchlets opposite or subopposite, dark purple, smooth, glabrous, terminating in a spine; axillary buds small, scales glabrous. Leaves opposite or subopposite, rarely alternate; stipules linear-lanceolate, margin ciliate, caducous; petiole 1-2(-3) cm; leaf blade suborbicular, ovate-rhombic, or elliptic, 3-7 × 1.5-3.5(-4.5) cm, papery or thinly so, both surfaces glabrous, rarely abaxially pilose in vein axils and adaxially pilose on midvein, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, base cuneate or subrounded, margin crenate-serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers unisexual, 4-merous, usually few fascicled on short shoots or in lower leaf axils of long shoots. Pedicels 3-4 mm. Petals present. Drupe black or purple-black, subglobose or obovoid-globose, 4-6 mm in diam., with (1 or)2 stones, with persistent calyx tube at base; fruiting pedicel 7-8 mm. Seeds black-brown, with short abaxial furrow extending over 1/3 of length. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Mixed forests, riverbanks. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Japan, N Korea, Russia (Far East)].
别名：金钢鼠李;老鸹眼;希日-牙西拉;
科名：鼠李科 Rhamnaceae
属名：鼠李属 Rhamnus
34. 金刚鼠李（东北木本植物图志） 图版18：3-4
Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31: 98. 1917, et Fl. Sylv. Kor. 9: 27, Pl. 10. 1920; J. Vass. in Not. Syst. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 8: 115. 1940; Grub. in Act. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS ser. 1, 8: 327. 1949; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志 406. 1955. ——R. virgata Roxb. var. sylvestris Maxim. in Mem Acad. sci st. Petersb. ser. 7, 10: 13. 1. 30-32. 1866. ——R. globosa auct. non Bung: Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3: 111. 1907. p. p. non Bunge ——R. Parvifolia auct. non Bung: Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 312. 1939. p. p.
灌木，全株近无毛；小枝对生或近对生，暗紫色，平滑而有光泽，枝端具针刺；长枝的腋芽小，鳞片无毛。叶纸质或薄纸质，对生或近对生，偶有互生，近圆形、卵圆状菱形或椭圆形，长3-7厘米，宽1.5-3.5(4.5)厘米，顶端突尖或渐尖，基部楔形或近圆形，边缘具圆齿状锯齿，两面无毛或稀上面沿中脉有疏柔毛，下面脉腋有疏柔毛，侧脉每边4-5条；叶柄长1-2（3）厘米，无毛；托叶线状披针形，边缘有缘毛，早落。花单性，雌雄异株，4基数，有花瓣，通常数个簇生于短枝端或长枝下部叶腋；花梗长3-4毫米。核果近球形或倒卵状球形，长约6毫米，直径4-6毫米，黑色或紫黑色，具1或2分核，基部具宿存的萼筒；果梗长7-8毫米；种子黑褐色，背侧有长为种子1/4-1/3的短沟，上部有沟缝。花期5-6月，果期7-9月。
产吉林、黑龙江、辽宁。生于沟边或林中。朝鲜、日本、苏联远东地区也有分布。模式标本采自朝鲜金刚山。
此种小枝暗紫色，平滑无毛，对生或近对生；叶较大，近圆形、卵圆状菱形或椭圆形，上面沿中脉被疏毛，叶柄较长，可达3厘米，种子背侧具短沟等与小叶鼠李 R. parvifolia Bunge 相区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai
金刚鼠李 jin gang shu li
Rhamnus virgata Roxburgh var. sylvestris Maximowicz.
Shrubs dioecious, to 2 m tall, spinose. Branchlets opposite or subopposite, dark purple, smooth, glabrous, terminating in a spine; axillary buds small, scales glabrous. Leaves opposite or subopposite, rarely alternate; stipules linear-lanceolate, margin ciliate, caducous; petiole 1-2(-3) cm; leaf blade suborbicular, ovate-rhombic, or elliptic, 3-7 × 1.5-3.5(-4.5) cm, papery or thinly so, both surfaces glabrous, rarely abaxially pilose in vein axils and adaxially pilose on midvein, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, base cuneate or subrounded, margin crenate-serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers unisexual, 4-merous, usually few fascicled on short shoots or in lower leaf axils of long shoots. Pedicels 3-4 mm. Petals present. Drupe black or purple-black, subglobose or obovoid-globose, 4-6 mm in diam., with (1 or)2 stones, with persistent calyx tube at base; fruiting pedicel 7-8 mm. Seeds black-brown, with short abaxial furrow extending over 1/3 of length. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Mixed forests, riverbanks. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Japan, N Korea, Russia (Far East)].