鼠李Rhamnus davurica Pall.

别名：大叶鼠李;女儿茶;牛李;牛筋子;老乌眼;大绿;老鹳眼;黑老鸦刺;大脑头;老颧眼;乌槎树;兴安鼠李;红皮绿树;羊史子;老鸹眼;皂李;鼠李仁;鼠梓;圆叶鼠李;烧烂锅;臭李子;老鹄眼;黑格兰;小叶鼠李;山李子;牛李子;Dahurian buckthorn;

科名：鼠李科 Rhamnaceae

属名：鼠李属 Rhamnus

《中国植物志》第48(1)卷067页
  36. 鼠李（神农本草经）臭李子(吉林），大绿（河北），老鹳眼（辽宁），女儿茶，牛李子（救荒本草）
  Rhamnus davurica Pall. Reise Russ. Reich. 3, append. 721. 1776; Turcz. Fl. Baic.-Dahur. 1: 270. 1845; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 128. 1888. p. p.; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学739. 1937; J. Vass. in Not. Syst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 8: 115, f. 1 a-c. 1940; Grub. in Act. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS ser. 1, 8: 318. 1949;刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志407. 1955;中国高等植物图鉴2: 759, 图3248. 1972.
  灌木或小乔木，高达10米；幼枝无毛，小枝对生或近对生，褐色或红褐色，稍平滑，枝顶端常有大的芽而不形成刺，或有时仅分叉处具短针刺；顶芽及腋芽较大，卵圆形，长5-8毫米，鳞片淡褐色，有明显的白色缘毛。叶纸质，对生或近对生，或在短枝上簇生，宽椭圆形或卵圆形，稀倒披针状椭圆形，长4-13厘米，宽2-6厘米，顶端突尖或短渐尖至渐尖，稀钝或圆形，基部楔形或近圆形，有时稀偏斜，边缘具圆齿状细锯齿，齿端常有红色腺体，上面无毛或沿脉有疏柔毛，下面沿脉被白色疏柔毛，侧脉每边4-5 (6)条，两面凸起，网脉明显；叶柄长1.5-4厘米，无毛或上面有疏柔毛。花单性，雌雄异株，4基数，有花瓣，雌花1-3个生于叶腋或数个至20余个簇生于短枝端，有退化雄蕊，花柱2-3浅裂或半裂；花梗长7-8毫米。核果球形，黑色，直径5-6毫米，具2分核，基部有宿存的萼筒；果梗长1-1.2厘米；种子卵圆形，黄褐色，背侧有与种子等长的狭纵沟。花期5-6月，果期7-10月。
  产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山西。生于山坡林下，灌丛或林缘和沟边阴湿处，海拔1800米以下。苏联西伯利亚及远东地区、蒙古和朝鲜也有分布。模式标本采自苏联。
  种子榨油作润滑油；果肉药用，解热、泻下及治瘰疬等；树皮和叶可提取栲胶；树皮和果实可提制黄色染料；木材坚实，可供制家具及雕刻之用。
  本种枝端常具较大的顶芽，鳞片具明显的缘毛，叶宽椭圆形，与前一种可以区别。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Rhamnus davurica  Pallas
鼠李   shu li
Shrubs or small trees, dioecious, to 10 m tall, unarmed, much branched. Branchlets opposite to subopposite, or fascicled on short shoots, brown or red-brown, glabrous or slightly smooth, often terminating in a large bud; terminal and axillary buds ovoid, large, 5-8 mm; scales pale brown, conspicuously white ciliate. Leaves opposite or fascicled on short shoots; petiole 1.5-4 cm, glabrous or pilose; leaf blade broadly elliptic or ovate, rarely oblanceolate-elliptic, 4-13 × 2-6 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely pilose on veins, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose on veins, lateral veins 4 or 5(or 6) pairs, prominent on both surfaces, base cuneate or subrounded, sometimes slightly oblique, margin finely crenate, with glandular teeth, apex acute or shortly acuminate to acuminate, rarely obtuse or rounded. Flowers yellowish green, unisexual, 4-merous. Sepals very thin, translucent, 3-veined. Petals present. Male flowers 7-8 mm, very narrow; calyx tube narrowly funnel-shaped, ovary rudimentary. Female flowers 1-3 in leaf axils or few- to 20-fascicled on short shoots, with rudimentary stamens; style 2- or 3-fid or cleft to half, 7-8 mm. Drupe black, globose, 5-6 mm in diam., with 2 stones, with persistent calyx tube at base; fruiting pedicel 1-1.2 cm. Seeds yellow-brown, ovoid-globose, abaxially-laterally narrowly furrowed for entire length. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 24*.
Forests on slopes, forest margins, thickets, wet places along canals; below 1800 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi [N Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia)].
The bark and fruit are used for making a yellow dye, the hard wood for making furniture, and oil extracted from the seeds for making lubricating oil. The fleshy fruit is used medicinally.

《全国中草药汇编》:鼠李

【拼音名】 Shǔ Lǐ
【别名】 老乌眼、老鸹眼、臭李子
【来源】 鼠李科鼠李属植物鼠李Rhamnus dahurica Pall.，或乌苏里鼠李R. ussuriensis J. Vass.，以树皮和果实入药。春季采树皮，刮去外面粗皮，切丝晒干；秋季采果，晒干。
【性味】 树皮：苦，寒。
果实：甘、微苦，平。有小毒。
【功能主治】 树皮：清热，通便。用于大便秘结。
果实：止咳，祛痰。用于支气管炎，肺气肿，龋齿痛，痈疖。
【用法用量】 树皮1～3钱，果实3～5分，可制成酒剂服；外用适量，果实捣烂敷患处。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》