长叶冻绿Rhamnus crenata Sieb. et Zucc.
长叶冻绿Rhamnus crenata Sieb. et Zucc.
2.长叶冻绿（中国树木分类学）黄药（开宝本草），长叶绿柴，冻绿，绿柴，山绿篱，绿篱柴，山黑子，过路黄（湖北），山黄（广州），水冻绿（江苏），苦李根（广西），钝齿鼠李（台湾植物志）图版6：1-2
Rhamnus crenata Sieb. et Zucc. in Abh. Akad. Munch. 4: (2) 146. 1843; Forb. et Hemal. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 128. 1888; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 232, 244. 1914; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 675. 1933; Rehd. in Journ. Arn Arb. 15: 13. 1934; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学743. 1937; 侯宽昭, 广州植物志419, 1953;中国高等植物图鉴2: 754,图3238. 1972. ——Frangula crenata (Sieb. et Zucc.) Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3: 32. 1867: Grub. in Act. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS ser. 1, 8: 264. 1949. ——Rhamnus oreigenes Hance in Journ. Bot. 7: 114. 1869. syn. nov. ——Rhamnus pseudo-frangula Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 10: 473. 1912, et Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 343. 1915; Schneid. 1. c. 245. 1914. ——Rhamnus cambodiana Pierre ex Pitard in Lecomte Fl. Gen. Ind.-Chin. 1: 926. 1912. syn. nov. ——Rhamnus acuminatifolia Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 3: 62. 1913. ——Frangu. la crenata Miq. var. acuminatifolia (Hayata) Hatusima in Journ. Jap Bot. 12: 876. 1936. ——Celastrus kouytchensis Levl. in. Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 13: 263. 1914. ——Celastrus esquirolianus Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 69. 1914.——Rhamnus crenata Sieb. et Zucc. var. oreigenes (Hance) Tard. in Not. Syst. 12: 169. 1946. quoad Chao et Cheo 442. ——Rhamnus crenata Sieb. et Zucc. var. camhodiana (Pierre ex Pitard) Tard. 1. c. 169. 1946. excl. Chiao et Cheo 377.
形态特征：落叶灌木，高2—3米。幼枝红褐色，有锈色短柔毛或后脱毛。叶椭圆状披针形或椭圆状倒卵形，长5—10厘米，宽2.5—3.5厘米，边缘有小锯齿，上面无毛，下面沿脉有锈色短毛，叶柄长达1厘米，密生或疏生锈色短柔毛。聚集花序腋生，总花梗短，花单性，淡绿色，花萼5裂，花瓣5，小，
用 途：种子油作作润滑油用。果和叶内含绿色素，可作绿色染料。果肉入药，能解热，治泻及瘰疬等。茎皮和叶可提取栲胶。
分 布：产神农架西半部。
生 境：生于海拔1200—2000米的山坡，沟谷或山脊，灌木丛里或疏林中。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Rhamnus crenata Siebold & Zuccarini
长叶冻绿 chang ye dong lü
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 4 m tall. Young branchlets ferruginous tomentose; old branches reddish, glabrescent. Petiole 4-10(-12) mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, elliptic, or obovate, rarely oblanceolate-elliptic or oblong, 4-14 × 2-5 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent or at least ± pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 7-12 pairs, base cuneate or obtuse, margin finely crenate, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate, or shortly acute. Flowers bisexual, (4 or)5-merous, few or up to 10 crowded in axillary cymes; peduncles 4-10(-15) mm, pubescent. Pedicels 2-4 mm, puberulent. Sepals triangular, equaling calyx tube, fleshy, abaxially sparsely puberulent. Petals obcordate, distinctly shorter than sepals, apex 2-lobed. Stamens equaling petals. Disk thin, outer margin inconspicuous. Ovary globose, glabrous, 3-loculed; style cylindric, undivided; stigma 3-capitate. Drupe red, black, or purple-black at maturity, globose or obovoid-globose, 5.6-6 mm, 6-7 mm in diam.; fruiting pedicel 3-6 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, with 3 one-seeded stones. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct.
Mountain forests or thickets; below 2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, SW Zhejiang [Cambodia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].
The leaves of Rhamnus crenata, especially prior to fruiting, are quite similar to and often confused with those of Rhamnella franguloides, but the latter species differs in having stem and branches without tomentulose terminal buds, stipules persistent, peduncles glabrous, ovary 2-loculed, and style 2-fid.
The roots are poisonous. The roots and bark are often used as an insecticide. The roots and fruit contain yellow dye.
别名：长叶鼠李;一扫光;羊不吃草;圆齿鼠李;绿厘柴;土黄芩;黄药;绿豆果子;长叶冬绿;长叶绿柴;称星树;苦李根;睇牛仔;苦李蔃;大梨罗;雷公树;黎罗根;力罗;雄六厘;癞痢柴;黎辣根;山黑子;梨罗根;长叶冻缘;冻绿;黄泥根;黄药鼠李;尖尾叶鼠李;泥罗根;钝齿鼠李;过路黄;山黄;山黑;糯米汁子;糯米稀;山六厘;罗梨根;修琴树;拿柳;掌牛仔;水冻绿;三黄;
科名：鼠李科 Rhamnaceae
属名：鼠李属 Rhamnus
2.长叶冻绿（中国树木分类学）黄药（开宝本草），长叶绿柴，冻绿，绿柴，山绿篱，绿篱柴，山黑子，过路黄（湖北），山黄（广州），水冻绿（江苏），苦李根（广西），钝齿鼠李（台湾植物志）图版6：1-2
Rhamnus crenata Sieb. et Zucc. in Abh. Akad. Munch. 4: (2) 146. 1843; Forb. et Hemal. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 128. 1888; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 232, 244. 1914; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 675. 1933; Rehd. in Journ. Arn Arb. 15: 13. 1934; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学743. 1937; 侯宽昭, 广州植物志419, 1953;中国高等植物图鉴2: 754,图3238. 1972. ——Frangula crenata (Sieb. et Zucc.) Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3: 32. 1867: Grub. in Act. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS ser. 1, 8: 264. 1949. ——Rhamnus oreigenes Hance in Journ. Bot. 7: 114. 1869. syn. nov. ——Rhamnus pseudo-frangula Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 10: 473. 1912, et Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 343. 1915; Schneid. 1. c. 245. 1914. ——Rhamnus cambodiana Pierre ex Pitard in Lecomte Fl. Gen. Ind.-Chin. 1: 926. 1912. syn. nov. ——Rhamnus acuminatifolia Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 3: 62. 1913. ——Frangu. la crenata Miq. var. acuminatifolia (Hayata) Hatusima in Journ. Jap Bot. 12: 876. 1936. ——Celastrus kouytchensis Levl. in. Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 13: 263. 1914. ——Celastrus esquirolianus Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 69. 1914.——Rhamnus crenata Sieb. et Zucc. var. oreigenes (Hance) Tard. in Not. Syst. 12: 169. 1946. quoad Chao et Cheo 442. ——Rhamnus crenata Sieb. et Zucc. var. camhodiana (Pierre ex Pitard) Tard. 1. c. 169. 1946. excl. Chiao et Cheo 377.
形态特征：落叶灌木，高2—3米。幼枝红褐色，有锈色短柔毛或后脱毛。叶椭圆状披针形或椭圆状倒卵形，长5—10厘米，宽2.5—3.5厘米，边缘有小锯齿，上面无毛，下面沿脉有锈色短毛，叶柄长达1厘米，密生或疏生锈色短柔毛。聚集花序腋生，总花梗短，花单性，淡绿色，花萼5裂，花瓣5，小，
用 途：种子油作作润滑油用。果和叶内含绿色素，可作绿色染料。果肉入药，能解热，治泻及瘰疬等。茎皮和叶可提取栲胶。
分 布：产神农架西半部。
生 境：生于海拔1200—2000米的山坡，沟谷或山脊，灌木丛里或疏林中。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Rhamnus crenata Siebold & Zuccarini
长叶冻绿 chang ye dong lü
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 4 m tall. Young branchlets ferruginous tomentose; old branches reddish, glabrescent. Petiole 4-10(-12) mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, elliptic, or obovate, rarely oblanceolate-elliptic or oblong, 4-14 × 2-5 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent or at least ± pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 7-12 pairs, base cuneate or obtuse, margin finely crenate, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate, or shortly acute. Flowers bisexual, (4 or)5-merous, few or up to 10 crowded in axillary cymes; peduncles 4-10(-15) mm, pubescent. Pedicels 2-4 mm, puberulent. Sepals triangular, equaling calyx tube, fleshy, abaxially sparsely puberulent. Petals obcordate, distinctly shorter than sepals, apex 2-lobed. Stamens equaling petals. Disk thin, outer margin inconspicuous. Ovary globose, glabrous, 3-loculed; style cylindric, undivided; stigma 3-capitate. Drupe red, black, or purple-black at maturity, globose or obovoid-globose, 5.6-6 mm, 6-7 mm in diam.; fruiting pedicel 3-6 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, with 3 one-seeded stones. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct.
Mountain forests or thickets; below 2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, SW Zhejiang [Cambodia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].
The leaves of Rhamnus crenata, especially prior to fruiting, are quite similar to and often confused with those of Rhamnella franguloides, but the latter species differs in having stem and branches without tomentulose terminal buds, stipules persistent, peduncles glabrous, ovary 2-loculed, and style 2-fid.
The roots are poisonous. The roots and bark are often used as an insecticide. The roots and fruit contain yellow dye.