刺果毛茛Ranunculus muricatus Linn.
刺果毛茛Ranunculus muricatus Linn.
75．刺果毛茛 图版103：1-3
Ranunculus muricatus L. Sp. pl. 555. 1753; Fl. URSS. 7: 476. t. 30, f. 1. 1937; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 526. 1953.
一年生草本。须根扭转伸长。茎高10-30厘米，自基部多分枝，倾斜上升，近无毛。基生叶和茎生叶均有长柄；叶片近圆形，长及宽为2-5厘米，顶端钝，基部截形或稍心形，3中裂至3深裂，裂片宽卵状楔形，边缘有缺刻状浅裂或粗齿，通常无毛；叶柄长2-6厘米，无毛或边缘疏生柔毛，基部有膜质宽鞘。上部叶较小，叶柄较短。花多，直径1-2厘米；花梗与叶对生，散生柔毛；萼片长椭圆形，长5-6毫米，带膜质，或有柔毛；花瓣5，狭倒卵形，长5-10毫米，顶端圆，基部狭窄成爪，蜜槽上有小鳞片；花药长圆形，长约2毫米；花托疏生柔毛。聚合果球形，直径达1.5厘米；瘦果扁平，椭圆形，长约5毫米，宽约3毫米，为厚的5倍以上，周围有宽约0.4毫米的棱翼，两面各生有一圈约10多枚刺，刺直伸或钩曲，有疣基，喙基部宽厚，顶端稍弯，长达2毫米。花果期4月至6月。
在我国分布于江苏、浙江和广西。生于道旁田野的杂草丛中。分布于北美洲、大洋洲、欧洲及亚洲。
本种为一年生草本，瘦果宽扁，两面有一圈具疣基的弯刺，显与其它种和田野毛茛有别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 6 (2001)
Ranunculus muricatus Linnaeus
刺果毛茛 ci guo mao gen
Herbs annual. Stems 5--28 cm, glabrous, branched. Basal leaves 6--9; petiole 3.4--12 cm, subglabrous; blade 3-lobed, broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, 1.6--5.5 × 1.8--4.2 cm, papery, glabrous, base subtruncate or truncate-cuneate; central lobe rhombic-obtrapeziform, 3-lobed or few dentate; lateral lobes obliquely ovate, unequally 2-lobed, incised-dentate. Lower stem leaves similar to basal leaves; upper ones shortly petiolate, broadly ovate. Flowers solitary, leaf-opposed, 1--1.6 cm in diam. Pedicel 1--3 cm, glabrous or pilose. Receptacle pilose. Sepals 5, narrowly ovate, 5--6 mm, abaxially sparsely pilose. Petals 5, narrowly obovate, 3--8 × 2.5--4 mm, nectary pit covered by a scale, apex rounded. Stamens numerous. Aggregate fruit subglobose, ca. 1.2 cm in diam. Achene complanate, elliptic or obovate, 4--5 × ca. 3 mm, glabrous, narrowly marginate, spiny, spines 0.5--1 mm; style persistent, ca. 2 mm. Fl. Mar--Apr.
Naturalized in grassy places, paddy fields, yards. Anhui, S Jiangsu, Zhejiang [native to W Asia and Europe].
别名：spinyfruit buttercup;刺果小毛茛;野芹菜;
科名：毛茛科 Ranunculaceae
属名：毛莨属 Ranunculus
75．刺果毛茛 图版103：1-3
Ranunculus muricatus L. Sp. pl. 555. 1753; Fl. URSS. 7: 476. t. 30, f. 1. 1937; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 526. 1953.
一年生草本。须根扭转伸长。茎高10-30厘米，自基部多分枝，倾斜上升，近无毛。基生叶和茎生叶均有长柄；叶片近圆形，长及宽为2-5厘米，顶端钝，基部截形或稍心形，3中裂至3深裂，裂片宽卵状楔形，边缘有缺刻状浅裂或粗齿，通常无毛；叶柄长2-6厘米，无毛或边缘疏生柔毛，基部有膜质宽鞘。上部叶较小，叶柄较短。花多，直径1-2厘米；花梗与叶对生，散生柔毛；萼片长椭圆形，长5-6毫米，带膜质，或有柔毛；花瓣5，狭倒卵形，长5-10毫米，顶端圆，基部狭窄成爪，蜜槽上有小鳞片；花药长圆形，长约2毫米；花托疏生柔毛。聚合果球形，直径达1.5厘米；瘦果扁平，椭圆形，长约5毫米，宽约3毫米，为厚的5倍以上，周围有宽约0.4毫米的棱翼，两面各生有一圈约10多枚刺，刺直伸或钩曲，有疣基，喙基部宽厚，顶端稍弯，长达2毫米。花果期4月至6月。
在我国分布于江苏、浙江和广西。生于道旁田野的杂草丛中。分布于北美洲、大洋洲、欧洲及亚洲。
本种为一年生草本，瘦果宽扁，两面有一圈具疣基的弯刺，显与其它种和田野毛茛有别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 6 (2001)
Ranunculus muricatus Linnaeus
刺果毛茛 ci guo mao gen
Herbs annual. Stems 5--28 cm, glabrous, branched. Basal leaves 6--9; petiole 3.4--12 cm, subglabrous; blade 3-lobed, broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, 1.6--5.5 × 1.8--4.2 cm, papery, glabrous, base subtruncate or truncate-cuneate; central lobe rhombic-obtrapeziform, 3-lobed or few dentate; lateral lobes obliquely ovate, unequally 2-lobed, incised-dentate. Lower stem leaves similar to basal leaves; upper ones shortly petiolate, broadly ovate. Flowers solitary, leaf-opposed, 1--1.6 cm in diam. Pedicel 1--3 cm, glabrous or pilose. Receptacle pilose. Sepals 5, narrowly ovate, 5--6 mm, abaxially sparsely pilose. Petals 5, narrowly obovate, 3--8 × 2.5--4 mm, nectary pit covered by a scale, apex rounded. Stamens numerous. Aggregate fruit subglobose, ca. 1.2 cm in diam. Achene complanate, elliptic or obovate, 4--5 × ca. 3 mm, glabrous, narrowly marginate, spiny, spines 0.5--1 mm; style persistent, ca. 2 mm. Fl. Mar--Apr.
Naturalized in grassy places, paddy fields, yards. Anhui, S Jiangsu, Zhejiang [native to W Asia and Europe].