松下兰Monotropa hypopitys Linn.
松下兰Monotropa hypopitys Linn.
1.松下兰(中国高等植物图鉴)地花、土花(陕西)图版74:1
Monotropa hypopitys Linn. Sp. Pl. 387. 1753; Kom. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 198, (Fl. March. III). 1905; Hegi, III. Fl. Mitt-Eur. 5 (3): 1597. t. 205: 6, fig. 2622-2626. 1927; Ворошилов, Фл. Совет. Дальн. Вост. 329. 1966; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. New ed.: 1014. 1978.——Hypopitys monotropa Crantz, Inst. Rei. Herb. 2: 467. 1766; N. Busch in Fl. URSS 18: 21. 1952; 东北植物检索表270. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴3: 23.图3999. 1974; 东北草本植物志7: 15. 图版5. 图5-6. 1981 pro parse ——Hypo. multiflora Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 1: 285. 1772. ——M. hypopitys var. glabra Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 2 (1): 462. 1782.——M. hypophegea Wallr. Sched. Crit. 1: 191.1822; Kom. et Alis、Key Pl. Far East. Reg. USSR 2: 834. 1932. ——Hypo. multiflora var. glabra Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 934, 1846. ——M. multiflora (Scop.) Fritsch, Excursionsfl. Oesterr. 426. 1897.——M. hypopitys var. glabra subvar. atricha Domin in Sitz K. Boehm. Ges. Wien 17. 1915; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt. -Eur. 5 (3): 1599. 1927, in textu; Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci, Res. Manch. 3 (App. 1): 345 (Lineam. Fl. Mansh.). 1939.——M. hypopitys var. glaberrima Hara in Journ. Jap. Bot. 14: 427. 1938. ——M. hypopitys forma atricha (Domin) Kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 494. 1979.
《Flora of China》 Vol. 14 (2005)
Monotropa hypopitys Linnaeus
松下兰 song xia lan
Herbs pale yellow-brown, rather fleshy, becoming brown when dry, usually pubescent on upper part of inflorescence. Inflorescence racemose, (1 or)2–11-flowered, 5–30 cm tall, 1–5 mm in diam. below lowermost flower, emerging from soil in nodding position. Inflorescence bracts below soil level shorter and thicker and more densely crowded on axis than upper bracts. Inflorescence bracts above soil level, sessile, ± erect, ovate to oblong, 7–15 × 3–15 mm, rather fleshy, somewhat pubescent to glabrous, margin entire or erose to irregularly toothed, apex acute to acuminate. Flowers nodding, tubular-campanulate. Bracts 1, rarely to 3, similar to inflorescence bracts in size and shape. Sepals 3–5, occasionally absent, oblong to broadly elliptic, 6–10 × 2–5 mm, shorter than petals, base attenuate, margin irregularly toothed, apex acute or acuminate. Petals 4–6, oblong, 1–1.5 cm × 3–6 mm, abaxially finely pubescent, adaxially long pubescent, base saccate, margin entire and irregularly denticulate or erose in upper part, apex acute or rounded. Stamens 8–12; filaments 7–14 mm, pubescent; anthers hippocrepiform, short, 0.8–1.5 mm, opening by a solitary terminal slit over connate sacs. Ovary 4–8 mm, 3–6 mm in diam. at anthesis, placentae axile; style 2–10 mm, ca. as long as ovary, slender, pubescent, articulation between style and ovary conspicuous. Stigma yellow, funnelform, 1.5–3 mm in diam., often subtended by a ring of short hairs, usually pubescent. Nectary at base of ovary with 8–10 paired lobes directed downward between staminal bases opposite saccate bases of petals. Capsules erect, broadly ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, 4–8 mm in diam. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
Damp mixed and coniferous forests; 100–2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, W Hubei (Shennongjia), Hunan, Jilin, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, N Sichuan (Barkam), Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Sikkim, Thailand; SW Asia, Europe, North America, Central America (Mexico)].
【出处】 始载于《中国高等植物图鉴》
【拼音名】 Sōnɡ Xià Lán
【别名】 土花、地花
【来源】 药材基源:为鹿蹄草科植物松下兰的全草。
拉丁植物动物矿物名:Monotropa hypopitys L.[Hypopitysmultiflora Scop.;H.monotropa Grantz」
采收和储藏:6~8月采收,多为鲜用。
【原形态】 多年生草本,腐生,高8-27cm。全株无绿素,白色或淡黄色,肉质,干后变黑褐色。根细而分枝密。叶鳞片状,直立,互生,上部较稀疏,下部较紧密,卵状长圆形或卵状披针形,长1-1.5cm,宽0.5-0.7cm,光端钝头,边缘近全缘,上部的常有不整齐的锯齿。总状花序有3-8花;花初下垂,后渐直立,花冠筒状钟形,长1-1.5cm,直径0.5-0.8cm;苞片卵状长圆形或卵状披针形,长10-16mm,宽4-7mm;萼片长圆状卵形,长7-10mm,宽2.5-3.5mm,先端急尖,早落;花瓣4-5。长圆形或倒卵状长圆形,长12-14mm,宽4.5-6mm,先端钝,上部有不整齐的锯齿,早落;雄蕊8-10,短于花冠,花药橙黄色,花丝无毛;子房无毛,4-5室,花柱直立,长2.5-4(-5)mm,柱头膨大成漏斗状,4-5圆裂。蒴果椭圆状球形,长7-10mm,直径5-7mm。花期6-7(-8)月,果期7-8(-9)月。
【生境分布】 生态环境:生于海拔1700-3650m的山地阔叶林或针阔叶混交林下。
资源分布:分布于东北南部、西北及山西、湖北、四川等地。
【性味】 苦;性平
【归经】 肺;脾经
【功能主治】 镇咳;补虚。主痉挛性咳嗽;气管炎及虚弱证。根利尿主小便不利
【用法用量】 内服:煎汤,9-15g。
【各家论述】 《新华本草纲要》:全草:补虚弱、治虚咳。
【摘录】 《中华本草》
别名:地花;锡仗花;水晶兰;土花;
科名:鹿蹄草科 Pyrolaceae
属名:水晶兰属 Monotropa
《中国植物志》第56卷213页
1.松下兰(中国高等植物图鉴)地花、土花(陕西)图版74:1
Monotropa hypopitys Linn. Sp. Pl. 387. 1753; Kom. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 198, (Fl. March. III). 1905; Hegi, III. Fl. Mitt-Eur. 5 (3): 1597. t. 205: 6, fig. 2622-2626. 1927; Ворошилов, Фл. Совет. Дальн. Вост. 329. 1966; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. New ed.: 1014. 1978.——Hypopitys monotropa Crantz, Inst. Rei. Herb. 2: 467. 1766; N. Busch in Fl. URSS 18: 21. 1952; 东北植物检索表270. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴3: 23.图3999. 1974; 东北草本植物志7: 15. 图版5. 图5-6. 1981 pro parse ——Hypo. multiflora Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 1: 285. 1772. ——M. hypopitys var. glabra Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 2 (1): 462. 1782.——M. hypophegea Wallr. Sched. Crit. 1: 191.1822; Kom. et Alis、Key Pl. Far East. Reg. USSR 2: 834. 1932. ——Hypo. multiflora var. glabra Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 934, 1846. ——M. multiflora (Scop.) Fritsch, Excursionsfl. Oesterr. 426. 1897.——M. hypopitys var. glabra subvar. atricha Domin in Sitz K. Boehm. Ges. Wien 17. 1915; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt. -Eur. 5 (3): 1599. 1927, in textu; Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci, Res. Manch. 3 (App. 1): 345 (Lineam. Fl. Mansh.). 1939.——M. hypopitys var. glaberrima Hara in Journ. Jap. Bot. 14: 427. 1938. ——M. hypopitys forma atricha (Domin) Kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 494. 1979.
《Flora of China》 Vol. 14 (2005)
Monotropa hypopitys Linnaeus
松下兰 song xia lan
Herbs pale yellow-brown, rather fleshy, becoming brown when dry, usually pubescent on upper part of inflorescence. Inflorescence racemose, (1 or)2–11-flowered, 5–30 cm tall, 1–5 mm in diam. below lowermost flower, emerging from soil in nodding position. Inflorescence bracts below soil level shorter and thicker and more densely crowded on axis than upper bracts. Inflorescence bracts above soil level, sessile, ± erect, ovate to oblong, 7–15 × 3–15 mm, rather fleshy, somewhat pubescent to glabrous, margin entire or erose to irregularly toothed, apex acute to acuminate. Flowers nodding, tubular-campanulate. Bracts 1, rarely to 3, similar to inflorescence bracts in size and shape. Sepals 3–5, occasionally absent, oblong to broadly elliptic, 6–10 × 2–5 mm, shorter than petals, base attenuate, margin irregularly toothed, apex acute or acuminate. Petals 4–6, oblong, 1–1.5 cm × 3–6 mm, abaxially finely pubescent, adaxially long pubescent, base saccate, margin entire and irregularly denticulate or erose in upper part, apex acute or rounded. Stamens 8–12; filaments 7–14 mm, pubescent; anthers hippocrepiform, short, 0.8–1.5 mm, opening by a solitary terminal slit over connate sacs. Ovary 4–8 mm, 3–6 mm in diam. at anthesis, placentae axile; style 2–10 mm, ca. as long as ovary, slender, pubescent, articulation between style and ovary conspicuous. Stigma yellow, funnelform, 1.5–3 mm in diam., often subtended by a ring of short hairs, usually pubescent. Nectary at base of ovary with 8–10 paired lobes directed downward between staminal bases opposite saccate bases of petals. Capsules erect, broadly ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, 4–8 mm in diam. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
Damp mixed and coniferous forests; 100–2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, W Hubei (Shennongjia), Hunan, Jilin, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, N Sichuan (Barkam), Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Sikkim, Thailand; SW Asia, Europe, North America, Central America (Mexico)].
【出处】 始载于《中国高等植物图鉴》
【拼音名】 Sōnɡ Xià Lán
【别名】 土花、地花
【来源】 药材基源:为鹿蹄草科植物松下兰的全草。
拉丁植物动物矿物名:Monotropa hypopitys L.[Hypopitysmultiflora Scop.;H.monotropa Grantz」
采收和储藏:6~8月采收,多为鲜用。
【原形态】 多年生草本,腐生,高8-27cm。全株无绿素,白色或淡黄色,肉质,干后变黑褐色。根细而分枝密。叶鳞片状,直立,互生,上部较稀疏,下部较紧密,卵状长圆形或卵状披针形,长1-1.5cm,宽0.5-0.7cm,光端钝头,边缘近全缘,上部的常有不整齐的锯齿。总状花序有3-8花;花初下垂,后渐直立,花冠筒状钟形,长1-1.5cm,直径0.5-0.8cm;苞片卵状长圆形或卵状披针形,长10-16mm,宽4-7mm;萼片长圆状卵形,长7-10mm,宽2.5-3.5mm,先端急尖,早落;花瓣4-5。长圆形或倒卵状长圆形,长12-14mm,宽4.5-6mm,先端钝,上部有不整齐的锯齿,早落;雄蕊8-10,短于花冠,花药橙黄色,花丝无毛;子房无毛,4-5室,花柱直立,长2.5-4(-5)mm,柱头膨大成漏斗状,4-5圆裂。蒴果椭圆状球形,长7-10mm,直径5-7mm。花期6-7(-8)月,果期7-8(-9)月。
【生境分布】 生态环境:生于海拔1700-3650m的山地阔叶林或针阔叶混交林下。
资源分布:分布于东北南部、西北及山西、湖北、四川等地。
【性味】 苦;性平
【归经】 肺;脾经
【功能主治】 镇咳;补虚。主痉挛性咳嗽;气管炎及虚弱证。根利尿主小便不利
【用法用量】 内服:煎汤,9-15g。
【各家论述】 《新华本草纲要》:全草:补虚弱、治虚咳。
【摘录】 《中华本草》