蒌叶Piper betle Linn.

别名：青蒟;蒟叶;蒟酱;槟榔蒟;槟榔蒌;大荜拨;大芦子;枸酱;青蒌;香芦子;扶留藤;土荜拨;蒟青;青老叶;蒟;萎叶;梅;青萎;蒌叶蒌;黑摆;荖叶;娄叶;芦子;荖藤;香荖;蒌;蒌藤;橹叶;蒌子;

科名：胡椒科 Piperaceae

属名：胡椒属 Piper

《中国植物志》第20(1)卷042页
  25．蒌叶（海南）蒟酱（南方草木状）
  Piper betle Linn. Sp. Pl. 28. 1753, et ed. 3. 40. 1764; C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16: 359. 1868; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 31: 95. 1887; C. DC. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 74. 1910; Quis. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 43: 85. f. 41, 42. 1930; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 5: 38. 1940; 陈焕镛等, 海南植物志1: 331. 1964.
  攀援藤本；枝稍带木质，直径2.5-5毫米，节上生根。叶纸质至近革质，背面及嫩叶脉上有密细腺点，阔卵形至卵状长圆形，上部的有时为椭圆形，长7-15厘米，宽5-11厘米，顶端渐尖，基部心形、浅心形或上部的有时钝圆，两侧相等至稍不等，腹面无毛，背面沿脉上被极细的粉状短柔毛; 叶脉7条，最上1对通常对生，少有互生，离基0.7-2厘米从中脉发出，余者均基出，网状脉明显；叶柄长2-5厘米，被极细的粉状短柔毛；叶鞘长约为叶柄的1/3。花单性，雌雄异株，聚集成与叶对生的穗状花序。雄花序开花时几与叶片等长；总花梗与叶柄近等长，花序轴被短柔毛；苞片圆形或近圆形，稀倒卵形，近无柄，盾状，直径1-1.3毫米；雄蕊2枚，花药肾形，2裂，花丝粗，与花药等长或较长。雌花序长3-5厘米，于果期延长，直径约10毫米；花序轴密被毛；苞片与雄花序的相同；子房下部嵌生于肉质花序轴中并与其合生，顶端被绒毛；柱头通常4-5，披针形，长约0.6毫米，被绒毛。浆果顶端稍凸，有绒毛，下部与花序轴合生成一柱状、肉质、带红色的果穗。花期5-7月。
  我国东起台湾，经东南至西南部各省区均有栽培。分布于印度、斯里兰卡、越南、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾及马达加斯加。
  本种提取的芳香油为蒟酱油，可作调香原料。茎、叶入药，治胃寒痛、风寒咳嗽、疮疖、湿疹等。东南亚不少民族喜以其叶包石灰与槟榔作咀嚼嗜好品。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Piper betle  Linnaeus
蒌叶   lou ye
Climbers dioecious. Stems rooted at nodes, 2.5-5 mm thick, slightly woody. Petiole 2-5 cm, very finely powdery pubescent; prophylls ca. 1/3 as long as petioles; leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong, those at apex of stem sometimes elliptic, 7-15 × 5-11 cm, papery to ± leathery, abaxially densely glandular with very finely powdery pubescent veins, adaxially glabrous, base cordate, sometimes rounded in leaf blades toward apex of stem, symmetric or nearly so, apex acuminate; veins 7, apical pair arising 0.7-2 cm above base, usually opposite, others basal; reticulate veins conspicuous. Spikes leaf-opposed. Male spikes nearly as long as leaf blades at anthesis; peduncle nearly as long as petioles; rachis pubescent; bracts orbicular or suborbicular, rarely obovate, 1-1.3 mm wide, peltate, ± sessile. Stamens 2; filaments thick, ca. as long as anthers or longer; anthers reniform. Female spikes 3-5 × ca. 1 cm, longer in fruit; rachis fleshy, densely pubescent. Ovary partly immersed in and connate to rachis, apex tomentose; stigmas usually 4 or 5, lanceolate, tomentose. Drupes fused to form terete, fleshy, reddish, compound fruit, apices tomentose, prominent. Fl. May-Jul.
Cultivated. SE to SW China [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; Africa (Madagascar)]
Widely cultivated, of uncertain origin, and used for medicinal, spice, and aromatic purposes.

【别名】 蒟酱、青蒟、芦子、大芦子、槟榔蒟、槟榔蒌
【来源】 胡椒科胡椒属植物蒌叶Piper betle L.，以全株或茎、叶入药。全株及茎叶全年可采，切片晒干。
【性味】 辛、微甘，温。
【功能主治】 祛风散寒，行气化痰，消肿止痒。用于风寒咳嗽，支气管哮喘，风湿骨痛，胃寒痛，妊娠水肿；外用治皮肤湿疹，脚癣。
【用法用量】 1～3钱；外用适量，煎水候温外洗，脚癣可浸泡。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》