黄山松Pinus taiwanensis Hayata

别名：松柏;大明山松;短叶松;长穗松;盘松;杉枞;台湾二叶松;台湾二针松;团结松;盼客松;矮山松;竖琴松;辕门松;短毛松;迎客松;新高赤松;松萝;连理松;黑虎松;台湾松;

科名：松科 Pinaceae

属名：松属 Pinus

《中国植物志》第7卷266页
  26. 黄山松（通用名）　台湾松（经济植物手册），长穗松（中国裸子植物志），台湾二针松（植物分类学报）
  Pinus taiwanensis Hayata in Journ. Coll Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 307. 1911, 台湾植物图谱 3: 192. 1913; Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. 48: 658. 1913; Beissn. u. Fitsch. Handb. Nadelh. ed. 3. 410. 1930; 金平亮三, 台湾树木志, 增补改版 48. 图13. 1936; Li et Keng in Taiwania 5: 59. t. 17. 1954; 郑万钧等, 中国树木学 1: 201. 图91. 1961; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 51. 1963; 中国科学院植物研究所, 中国高等植物图鉴 1: 310. 图620. 1972. ——Pinus brevispica Hayata, 台湾植物图谱 3: 191. 1913. ——Pinus hwangshanensis Hsia, 中国植学杂志 1: 17, t. 6, f. l. 1936; 郝景盛, 中国裸子植物志, 再版 61. 1951; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学, 补编 1. 1953. ——Pinus luchuensis Mayr var. hwangshanensis (Hsia) Wu, 植物分类学报 5(3): 158. 1956, syn. nov. ——Pinus densiflora auct. non Sieb. et Zucc.: Shaw in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 1: 2. 1911, quoad plant Kiangsi. ——Pinus sinensis auct. non Lamb.: Shaw in Sarg. l. c. 2: 15. 1914, quoad plant. Kiangsi.——Pinus tabulaeformis auct. non Carr.: Rehd. et Wils. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 8: 89. 1927; 钱崇澍, 科学社生物所论文集 3: 28. 1927; 郑万钧, ibidem 7: 14. 1930, 一部分, ibidem 8: 306. 1933; Metcalf, Fl. Fukien 1: 25. 1942; Migo, Shang. Sizenkagaku Kenkyusyo Iho 13: 220. 1943; 刘玉壶, 中研汇报 1(2): 151. 1947; Steward, Man. Vascular Pl. Lower Yangtze Valley China 63. 1956. ——Pinus luchuensis auct. non Mayr: 吴中伦, 同上，仅指台湾的植物．

《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Pinus taiwanensis  Hayata
黄山松   tai wan song
Pinus brevispica Hayata; P. hwangshanensis W. Y. Hsia; P. luchuensis Mayr subsp. hwangshanensis (W. Y. Hsia) D. Z. Li; P. luchuensis var. hwangshanensis (W. Y. Hsia) C. L. Wu; P. luchuensis subsp. taiwanensis (Hayata) D. Z. Li; P. taiwanensis var. damingshanensis W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu.
Trees to 50 m tall; trunk straight or ± tortuous, to 1 m d.b.h.; bark dark gray or grayish brown; crown broadly ovoid, finally umbrellalike; branches spreading or spreading-ascending; 1st-year branchlets brown to yellowish brown, slender; winter buds pinkish brown or reddish brown, cylindric, ovoid-ellipsoid, or ovoid, 1-1.5 cm × 5-6 mm, ± resinous, scales white or long white fringed at margin. Needles 2 per bundle, not or slightly twisted, 4.5-17 cm × 0.6-1 mm, resin canals 2-7(or 8), median, rarely also marginal, base with sheath 0.5-1.4 cm, margin serrulate, with 26-57 teeth per cm in middle part of needle. Pollen cones reddish brown or yellowish brown, 1-2 cm × 3-4 mm. Seed cones light brown to chocolate brown, lustrous, narrowly ovoid or ovoid conical before opening, 3-6 × (2.5-)3-5 cm (closed), persistent. Seed scales ca. 1.8 × 0.8-1 cm, apophyses at middle of closed cones shield- or lozenge-shaped or pentagonal, with 2 or 3 distinct, ± straight or concave proximal edges and a distal end with either 2 distinct, straight or curved edges or a single, rounded margin; umbos depressed or flat, with a minute but distinct and persistent, mucronate prickle, or with a tiny, deciduous prickle, or unarmed. Seeds ellipsoid or ovoid, compressed, 5-6 × 2.6-3.4 mm (excluding wing); wing 1-1.4 cm × 5-6 mm. Pollination Apr-May, seed maturity Oct of 2nd year.
* Mixed warm-temperate and montane forests, open areas and sunny ridges on sandy, acidic mountains, co-dominant with species of Fagaceae; 600-3400 m. Anhui, Fujian, C Guangxi, Guizhou, S Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, SE Yunnan, Zhejiang
An important timber tree in Taiwan, Pinus taiwanensis is very close to P. luchuensis, from Japan (Ryukyu Islands). Pinus taiwanensis var. damingshanensis, described from C Guangxi (Shanglin: Daming Shan) and also recorded from Guizhou, is here included in synonymy. It has both marginal and median resin canals in the needles, but this character was considered unreliable by D. Z. Li (Edinburgh J. Bot. 54: 343. 1997). R. R. Mill prefers to treat all material from the Chinese mainland as a separate species, P. hwangshanensis, which differs from typical P. taiwanensis (from Taiwan) as follows: needle sheaths 0.5-1 cm (not 1-1.4 cm); middle part of margin with (37-)43-57 teeth per cm (not 26-35(-39)); pollen cones reddish brown (not yellowish brown); umbo of seed scales depressed, with a minute but distinct and persistent, mucronate prickle (not flat, with a tiny, deciduous prickle or unarmed).