高山松Pinus densata Mast.

别名：唐列;西康赤松;西康油松;

科名：松科 Pinaceae

属名：松属 Pinus

《中国植物志》第7卷253页
  21. 高山松（中国树木学）　西康油松（中国树木分类学），西康赤松（中国裸子植物志）　图版57: 7-12
  Pinus densata Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37: 416. 1906, et in Repert. Sp. Nov. 4: 108. 1907; Shaw in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 1: 2. 1911, pro parte; Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. 48: 658. 1913; 吴中伦, 植物分类学报 5(3): 149. 图版25. 图12. 1956; 郑万钧等, 中国树木学 1: 202. 图90 (5-8). 1961; 中国科学院植物研究所, 中国高等植物图鉴 1: 311. 图621. 1972. ——Pinus promienus Mast. l. c. 417, et l. c. 109; Patschke, l. c. ——Pinus wilsonii Shaw in Sarg. l. c. 3. ——Pinus sinensis Lamb. var. densata (Mast.) Shaw in Sarg. l. c. 2: 17. 1914, pro parte, et Gen. Pinus 60. t. 23. f. 201. 1914; Chun, Chinese Econ. Trees 15. 1921; Dallimore and Jackson, Handb. Conif. 451. 1923. ——Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. var. densata (Mast.) Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 7: 23. 1923; Florin in Acta Hort. Gothoburg. 3: 2. 1927; Beissn. u. Fitsch. Handb. Nadelh. ed. 3. 411. 1930; Orr in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 18: 128. 1933; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学 22. 1937; Cheng in Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse Ⅴ, 1(2): 111. 1939; Dallimore and Jackson, l. c. ed. 3. 563. 1948, rev. Harrison, Handb. Conif. and Ginkgo. ed. 4. 497. 1966; 郝景盛, 中国裸子植物志, 再版 60. 1951. ——Pinus tabulaeformis auct. non Carr.: Orr l. c. 127; Florin in Acta Hort. Berg. 14: 368. 1948.
  乔木，高达30米，胸径达1.3米；树干下部树皮暗灰褐色，深裂成厚块片，上部树皮红色，裂成薄片脱落；一年生枝粗壮，黄褐色，有光泽，无毛，二、三年生枝皮逐渐脱落，内皮红色；冬芽卵状圆锥形或圆柱形，先端尖，微被树脂，芽鳞栗褐色，披针形，先端彼此散开，边缘白色丝状。针叶2针一束，稀3针一束或2针3针并存，粗硬，长6-15厘米，径1.2-1.5毫米，微扭曲，两面有气孔线，边缘锯齿锐利；横切面半圆形或扇状三角形，二型皮下层，第一层细胞连续，第二层不连续排列，稀有第三层细胞，树脂道3-7（-10）个，边生，稀角部的树脂道中生；叶鞘初呈淡褐色，老则暗灰褐色或黑褐色。球果卵圆形，长5-6厘米，径约4厘米，有短梗，熟时栗褐色，常向下弯垂；中部种鳞卵状矩圆形，长约2.5厘米，宽1.3厘米，鳞盾肥厚隆起，微反曲或不反曲，横脊显著，由鳞脐四周辐射状的纵横纹亦较明显，鳞脐突起，多有明显的刺状尖头；种子淡灰褐色，椭圆状卵圆形，微扁，长4-6毫米，宽3-4毫米，种翅淡紫色，长约2厘米。花期5月，球果第二年10月成熟。
  为我国西部高山地区的特有树种，产于四川西部、青海南部、西藏东部及云南西北部高山地区。在康定以西沿雅碧江两岸及西藏东部海拔2600-3500米向阳山坡上或河流两岸组成单纯林。其垂直分布较云南松为高，在森林的下段（即海拔3000米以下）往往与云南松、华山松混生。为喜光、深根性树种，能生于干旱瘠薄的环境。模式标本采自四川雅江卧龙石。
  木材较坚韧，质较细，富树脂。可供建筑、板材等用。树干可割取树脂。可作四川西部、西藏东部高山地区的造林树种。
  本种地理分布北接油松分布区的南缘（四川西北部、青海南部），南依云南松的北界（云南西北部、四川西南部、西藏东部）。在形态特征上，高山松介于油松和云南松之间，但更多地接近油松，因此有些植物分类学工作者把高山松作油松的一个变种，甚至错误地鉴定成油松。实则这三种松树有本质上的差异，分布区也互不相同。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Pinus densata  Masters
高山松   gao shan song
Pinus prominens Masters; P. sinensis D. Don var. densata (Masters) Shaw; P. tabuliformis Carriere var. densata (Masters) Rehder; P. wilsonii Shaw (1911), not Roezl (1857).
Trees to 30 m tall; trunk to 1.3 m d.b.h.; bark reddish brown, scaly and plated when young, finally dark grayish brown, forming irregular, square, thick plates; crown ovoid-conical, broadly ovoid in old trees; branches spreading; 1st-year branchlets shiny yellowish brown, stout; 2nd- and 3rd-year branchlets reddish brown; winter buds dull brown, ovoid-conical, ca. 15 × 6 mm, slightly resinous, scales white fringed at margin, acuminate at apex. Needles persisting for 3 years, usually 2(or 3) per bundle, straight, slightly twisted, 8-14 cm × 1-1.5 mm, stomatal lines present on all surfaces, resin canals 3 or 4, marginal, occasionally 1 or 2 median, base with persistent sheath initially 5-10 mm, margin finely serrulate, apex acute. Pollen cones yellowish brown, cylindric, 10-18 × 3-4.5 mm. Seed cones solitary or in pairs, pendulous, sessile or very shortly pedunculate, shiny chocolate brown at maturity, narrowly ovoid before opening, ovoid or broadly ovoid when open, 4-6 × 4-7 cm, persistent. Seed scales with apophyses prominent, rhombic, 4-7 mm thick, sharply transversely keeled; umbo dorsal, with a short prickle. Seeds light grayish brown, ellipsoid-ovoid, 4-6 mm; wing 1.5-2 cm. Pollination May, seed maturity Oct of 2nd year.
* Open forests in high mountains, forming pure stands or (below 3000 m) mixed with Pinus armandii and P. yunnanensis; 2600-3500 (-4200) m. S Qinghai, W Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan
Morphologically intermediate between Pinus yunnanensis of lower elevations and P. tabuliformis of more northerly latitudes. Molecular evidence supports the hypothesis that P. densata originated as a Tertiary natural hybrid involving the former two species and a third, unknown species.
Can be used for afforestation in the alpine zones of W Sichuan and E Xizang.