直序五膜草Pentaphragma spicatum Merr.
直序五膜草Pentaphragma spicatum Merr.
2. 直序五膜草（中国高等植物图鉴）
Pentaphragma spicatum Merr., Philip. Journ. Sc. 21: 511. 1922; Tsoong, Contrv Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3 (3): 111. fig. 15. 1935; 中国高等植物图鉴, 4: 399. 图6211. 1975.——P. corniculatum Chun et F. Chun, Sunyatsenia 6: 219-220. fig. 26-27. 1946, syn. nov. ——P. sinense auct. non Hemsl. et Wils.: 中国高等植物图鉴, 4: 399. 1975. p. p. min. excl. specim. Yunnan.
肉质草本，在茎的幼嫩部分、叶柄、叶背面、花序轴、苞片及花萼背面有相当密的腺毛，并混生有星状毛。根状茎（大概由原先的茎变成）斜走，长而粗壮，长可达15厘米以上，直径可至1.5厘米，多少木质化。根须状，直径约2毫米。茎短，常在一侧着生叶，常留有叶柄残基。叶具长5-15厘米的叶柄，叶片卵形或卵圆形，大型，长10-30厘米，宽6-20厘米，不对称，常向一边偏斜，基部亦不对称，全缘或偶有瘤突状齿。蝎尾状聚伞花序单支或有时两支腋生，总梗长数厘米，其上有一个比叶片小得多的总苞片。苞片倒卵形，长4毫米，每个苞片腋内仅生单朵花；花梗长仅1-2毫米；花全长1.6厘米；花萼筒部钟状，裂片长5毫米，宽的宽4毫米，卵圆形，其余的宽2毫米，长矩圆形，均有3条脉；花冠白色或黄绿色，长9毫米，深裂过半，裂片无毛，披针形，顶端稍拳卷；药隔超出药室；花柱短，柱头圆锥状，几乎无肋。浆果椭圆状，长约8毫米。种子卵圆状，具明显网状纹饰，深棕色，长0.3毫米。花期5-7月，幼果期10月。
产广西南部（十万大山、东兴、防城、大新）、广东（信宜和海南岛的白沙、保亭）。生于热带山谷密林下。我国特有。
模式标本采自广西东兴县。原始记载说，和 P. sinense 的区别在于本种蝎尾状聚伞花序伸直而不卷曲，这一区分大概是成立的。此外，我们还看到，本种花冠明显超出花萼，每个苞片腋内仅1朵花。P. corniculatum Chun et F. Chun 的模式标本采自广东海南，发表时所依据的特征是花短小，花冠远短于花萼裂片，但这是由于其采集期是五月初，花尚处于花蕾期，花冠未充分长大之故，因此予以合并。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Pentaphragma spicatum Merrill Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 511. 1922.
直序五膜草 zhi xu wu mo cao
Pentaphragma corniculatum Chun & F. Chun.
Plants rather densely covered with glandular hairs and these mixed with stellate hairs on young stems, petioles, abaxial surface of leaves, inflorescence axis, bracts, and abaxial surface of calyx. Rhizome oblique, elongate, robust, to 15 × 1.5 cm, ± woody. Fibrous roots ca. 2 mm in diam. Stem short, often with leaves at one side, usually with remains of petioles. Leaves petiolate; petiole 5-15 cm; leaf blade ovate or ovate-orbicular, asymmetric, 10-30 × 6-20 cm, margin entire or verrucose denticulate. Inflorescences solitary or 2 together, pedunculate, straight; peduncle with an involucre of bracts much smaller than leaves; bracts obovate, ca. 4 mm, with 1 flower at axil; pedicels 1-2 mm. Flowers ca. 1.6 cm. Calyx tube campanulate; calyx lobes ca. 5 mm, 3-veined, broader 2 ovate-orbicular, ca. 4 mm wide, other 3 long oblong, ca. 2 mm wide. Corolla white or yellow-green, ca. 9 mm, cleft for more than halfway; lobes slightly incurved, lanceolate, glabrous. Stamens: connective higher than anther cells. Stigma conic, almost without ribs. Berry ellipsoid, ca. 8 mm. Seeds ovoid, ca. 0.3 mm; testa dark brown, obviously reticulate. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Oct-Nov.
● Tropical forests in ravines, dense forests; ca. 1400 m. SW Guangdong (Xinyi), S Guangxi (Daxin, Dongxing, Shiwan Dashan), Hainan (Baisha, Baoting).
Pentaphragma spicatum should be expected in N Vietnam. The type locality (Dongxing in Guangxi Province) is close to the border.Pentaphragma spicatum should be expected in N Vietnam. The type locality (Dongxing in Guangxi Province) is close to the border.
别名：五膜草;直序五膈草;穗序五膈草;直序五隔草;五隔草;五膈草;
科名：五膜草科 Pentaphragmataceae
属名：五膜草属 Pentaphragma
2. 直序五膜草（中国高等植物图鉴）
Pentaphragma spicatum Merr., Philip. Journ. Sc. 21: 511. 1922; Tsoong, Contrv Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3 (3): 111. fig. 15. 1935; 中国高等植物图鉴, 4: 399. 图6211. 1975.——P. corniculatum Chun et F. Chun, Sunyatsenia 6: 219-220. fig. 26-27. 1946, syn. nov. ——P. sinense auct. non Hemsl. et Wils.: 中国高等植物图鉴, 4: 399. 1975. p. p. min. excl. specim. Yunnan.
肉质草本，在茎的幼嫩部分、叶柄、叶背面、花序轴、苞片及花萼背面有相当密的腺毛，并混生有星状毛。根状茎（大概由原先的茎变成）斜走，长而粗壮，长可达15厘米以上，直径可至1.5厘米，多少木质化。根须状，直径约2毫米。茎短，常在一侧着生叶，常留有叶柄残基。叶具长5-15厘米的叶柄，叶片卵形或卵圆形，大型，长10-30厘米，宽6-20厘米，不对称，常向一边偏斜，基部亦不对称，全缘或偶有瘤突状齿。蝎尾状聚伞花序单支或有时两支腋生，总梗长数厘米，其上有一个比叶片小得多的总苞片。苞片倒卵形，长4毫米，每个苞片腋内仅生单朵花；花梗长仅1-2毫米；花全长1.6厘米；花萼筒部钟状，裂片长5毫米，宽的宽4毫米，卵圆形，其余的宽2毫米，长矩圆形，均有3条脉；花冠白色或黄绿色，长9毫米，深裂过半，裂片无毛，披针形，顶端稍拳卷；药隔超出药室；花柱短，柱头圆锥状，几乎无肋。浆果椭圆状，长约8毫米。种子卵圆状，具明显网状纹饰，深棕色，长0.3毫米。花期5-7月，幼果期10月。
产广西南部（十万大山、东兴、防城、大新）、广东（信宜和海南岛的白沙、保亭）。生于热带山谷密林下。我国特有。
模式标本采自广西东兴县。原始记载说，和 P. sinense 的区别在于本种蝎尾状聚伞花序伸直而不卷曲，这一区分大概是成立的。此外，我们还看到，本种花冠明显超出花萼，每个苞片腋内仅1朵花。P. corniculatum Chun et F. Chun 的模式标本采自广东海南，发表时所依据的特征是花短小，花冠远短于花萼裂片，但这是由于其采集期是五月初，花尚处于花蕾期，花冠未充分长大之故，因此予以合并。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Pentaphragma spicatum Merrill Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 511. 1922.
直序五膜草 zhi xu wu mo cao
Pentaphragma corniculatum Chun & F. Chun.
Plants rather densely covered with glandular hairs and these mixed with stellate hairs on young stems, petioles, abaxial surface of leaves, inflorescence axis, bracts, and abaxial surface of calyx. Rhizome oblique, elongate, robust, to 15 × 1.5 cm, ± woody. Fibrous roots ca. 2 mm in diam. Stem short, often with leaves at one side, usually with remains of petioles. Leaves petiolate; petiole 5-15 cm; leaf blade ovate or ovate-orbicular, asymmetric, 10-30 × 6-20 cm, margin entire or verrucose denticulate. Inflorescences solitary or 2 together, pedunculate, straight; peduncle with an involucre of bracts much smaller than leaves; bracts obovate, ca. 4 mm, with 1 flower at axil; pedicels 1-2 mm. Flowers ca. 1.6 cm. Calyx tube campanulate; calyx lobes ca. 5 mm, 3-veined, broader 2 ovate-orbicular, ca. 4 mm wide, other 3 long oblong, ca. 2 mm wide. Corolla white or yellow-green, ca. 9 mm, cleft for more than halfway; lobes slightly incurved, lanceolate, glabrous. Stamens: connective higher than anther cells. Stigma conic, almost without ribs. Berry ellipsoid, ca. 8 mm. Seeds ovoid, ca. 0.3 mm; testa dark brown, obviously reticulate. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Oct-Nov.
● Tropical forests in ravines, dense forests; ca. 1400 m. SW Guangdong (Xinyi), S Guangxi (Daxin, Dongxing, Shiwan Dashan), Hainan (Baisha, Baoting).
Pentaphragma spicatum should be expected in N Vietnam. The type locality (Dongxing in Guangxi Province) is close to the border.Pentaphragma spicatum should be expected in N Vietnam. The type locality (Dongxing in Guangxi Province) is close to the border.