虞美人Papaver rhoeas
虞美人Papaver rhoeas
2.虞美人（花镜、广群芳谱）丽春花（本草纲目），赛牡丹、锦被花（游默斋花谱），百般娇、蝴蝶满园春（花镜），虞美人花（云南迪庆）
Papaver rhoeas L. Sp. pl. ed. 1: 507. 1753；DC. Prodr. 1: 118. 1824; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 117. 1875；Fedde in Engl. Pflanzenr. 4: 293. 1909；in Engl. et Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2/17b: 110. 1936；Fl. URSS 7: 636. 1937; Fl. Europ. 1: 248. 1964；中国高等植物图鉴2: 7, 图1744. 1972；秦岭植物志1 (2): 364. 1974; Fl. Taiwan 2: 663. 1976;云南植物志2: 44,图版14: 4-5. 1979;湖北植物志2: 10,图690. 1979; T. C. Whitmore in Hara et al. Enum. Fl. pl. Nepal 2: 38. 1979; 东北草本植物志4: 11, 图版6. 1980; 新疆植物检索表2: 334. 1980; 江苏植物志, 下: 217, 图1070. 1982; 云南种子植物名录, 上册: 170. 1984;福建植物志2: 156, 图131. 1985; 安徽植物志2: 430,图758. 1986;河南植物志2: 7,图720. 1988; P. Y. Fu in Bull. Bot. Research 9 (2): 19. 1989;贵州植物志4: 181, 图版68: 1-2. 1989; 广西植物志1: 406, 图版168: 1-2. 1991;浙江植物志3: 5,图3-6. 1993.
一年生草本，全体被伸展的刚毛，稀无毛。茎直立，高25-90厘米，具分枝，被淡黄色刚毛。叶互生，叶片轮廓披针形或狭卵形，长3-15厘米，宽1-6厘米，羽状分裂，下部全裂，全裂片披针形和二回羽状浅裂，上部深裂或浅裂、裂片披针形，最上部粗齿状羽状浅裂，顶生裂片通常较大，小裂片先端均渐尖，两面被淡黄色刚毛，叶脉在背面突起，在表面略凹；下部叶具柄，上部叶无柄。花单生于茎和分枝顶端；花梗长10-15厘米，被淡黄色平展的刚毛。花蕾长圆状倒卵形，下垂；萼片2,宽椭圆形，长1-1.8厘米，绿色，外面被刚毛；花瓣4,圆形、横向宽椭圆形或宽倒卵形，长2.5-4.5厘米，全缘，稀圆齿状或顶端缺刻状，紫红色，基部通常具深紫色斑点；雄蕊多数，花丝丝状，长约8毫米，深紫红色，花药长圆形，长约1毫米，黄色；子房倒卵形，长7-10毫米，无毛，柱头5-18，辐射状，连合成扁平、边缘圆齿状的盘状体。蒴果宽倒卵形，长1-2.2厘米，无毛，具不明显的肋。种子多数，肾状长圆形，长约1毫米。花果期3-8月。
原产欧洲，我国各地常见栽培，为观赏植物。
花和全株入药，含多种生物碱，有镇咳、止泻、镇痛、镇静等功效；种子含油40%以上。
形态特征：一年生草本。茎高30-80厘米，分枝，有伸展的糙毛。叶互生，羽状深裂，裂片披针形或条状披针形，顶端急尖，边缘生粗锯齿，两面有糙毛。花蕾卵球形，有长梗，未开放时下垂；萼片绿色，椭圆形，长约1.8厘米，花开后即脱落；花瓣4，紫红色，基部常具深紫色斑，宽倒卵形或近圆形，长约3.5厘米；雄蕊多数，花丝深红紫色，花药黄色；雌蕊倒卵球形，长约1厘米，柱头辐射状。
分 布：各地
生 境：栽培
繁殖方式：种子
习 性：阳生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：祛风解毒、消肿、散瘀
药用主治：祛风解毒、消肿、散瘀
《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Papaver rhoeas Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 507. 1753.
虞美人 yu mei ren
Herbs, annual, setose throughout, rarely glabrous. Stems erect, 25-90 cm tall, branched, yellowish setose. Leaves alternate; blade lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 3-15 × 1-6 cm, both surfaces yellowish setose, veins prominent abaxially and slightly concave adaxially, pinnatifid, below divided; lobes lanceolate and bipinnatilobate, above parted or again lobed; lobes lanceolate, uppermost one serrate-pinnatilobate, terminal lobes usually large; lobules apically acuminate; lower leaves petiolate but upper ones sessile. Flowers solitary on stem and branch apices, bowl-shaped, 6-9 cm in diam. Pedicel 10-15 cm, compressed yellowish setose. Flower buds nutant, oblong-obovoid, setose. Sepals 2, green, broadly elliptic, 1-1.8 cm, adaxially setose. Petals 4, rich scarlet, occasionally mauvish, pink, orange, or white, with or without a basal dark blotch or flecking, orbicular, transversely broadly elliptic or broadly obovate, 2.5-4.5 cm, overlapping, entire, rarely crenate or apex incised. Stamens many; filaments dark mauve or purplish, filamentous, ca. 8 mm; anthers blue, oblong, ca. 1 mm. Ovary obovoid, 7-10 mm, glabrous; stigmas 8-12, actinomorphic, united into compressed disk, margin crenate. Capsule broadly obovoid, 10-18 mm, glabrous, inconspicuously costate. Seeds many, reniform-oblong, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar-Aug. 2n = 14.
Cultivated in China, sometimes escaping (in Taiwan) [native to N Africa, SW Asia, and Europe].
This species is used ornamentally and includes flowers in various colors as well as bicolored and semidouble forms.This species is used ornamentally and includes flowers in various colors as well as bicolored and semidouble forms.
别名：corn poppy;虞美人花;丽春草;锦被花;百般妖;虞美人草;百般娇;赛牡丹;绸子花;两春花;仙女蒿;野罂粟;丽春花;蝴蝶满园春;
科名：罂粟科 Papaveraceae
属名：罂粟属 Papaver
2.虞美人（花镜、广群芳谱）丽春花（本草纲目），赛牡丹、锦被花（游默斋花谱），百般娇、蝴蝶满园春（花镜），虞美人花（云南迪庆）
Papaver rhoeas L. Sp. pl. ed. 1: 507. 1753；DC. Prodr. 1: 118. 1824; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 117. 1875；Fedde in Engl. Pflanzenr. 4: 293. 1909；in Engl. et Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2/17b: 110. 1936；Fl. URSS 7: 636. 1937; Fl. Europ. 1: 248. 1964；中国高等植物图鉴2: 7, 图1744. 1972；秦岭植物志1 (2): 364. 1974; Fl. Taiwan 2: 663. 1976;云南植物志2: 44,图版14: 4-5. 1979;湖北植物志2: 10,图690. 1979; T. C. Whitmore in Hara et al. Enum. Fl. pl. Nepal 2: 38. 1979; 东北草本植物志4: 11, 图版6. 1980; 新疆植物检索表2: 334. 1980; 江苏植物志, 下: 217, 图1070. 1982; 云南种子植物名录, 上册: 170. 1984;福建植物志2: 156, 图131. 1985; 安徽植物志2: 430,图758. 1986;河南植物志2: 7,图720. 1988; P. Y. Fu in Bull. Bot. Research 9 (2): 19. 1989;贵州植物志4: 181, 图版68: 1-2. 1989; 广西植物志1: 406, 图版168: 1-2. 1991;浙江植物志3: 5,图3-6. 1993.
一年生草本，全体被伸展的刚毛，稀无毛。茎直立，高25-90厘米，具分枝，被淡黄色刚毛。叶互生，叶片轮廓披针形或狭卵形，长3-15厘米，宽1-6厘米，羽状分裂，下部全裂，全裂片披针形和二回羽状浅裂，上部深裂或浅裂、裂片披针形，最上部粗齿状羽状浅裂，顶生裂片通常较大，小裂片先端均渐尖，两面被淡黄色刚毛，叶脉在背面突起，在表面略凹；下部叶具柄，上部叶无柄。花单生于茎和分枝顶端；花梗长10-15厘米，被淡黄色平展的刚毛。花蕾长圆状倒卵形，下垂；萼片2,宽椭圆形，长1-1.8厘米，绿色，外面被刚毛；花瓣4,圆形、横向宽椭圆形或宽倒卵形，长2.5-4.5厘米，全缘，稀圆齿状或顶端缺刻状，紫红色，基部通常具深紫色斑点；雄蕊多数，花丝丝状，长约8毫米，深紫红色，花药长圆形，长约1毫米，黄色；子房倒卵形，长7-10毫米，无毛，柱头5-18，辐射状，连合成扁平、边缘圆齿状的盘状体。蒴果宽倒卵形，长1-2.2厘米，无毛，具不明显的肋。种子多数，肾状长圆形，长约1毫米。花果期3-8月。
原产欧洲，我国各地常见栽培，为观赏植物。
花和全株入药，含多种生物碱，有镇咳、止泻、镇痛、镇静等功效；种子含油40%以上。
形态特征：一年生草本。茎高30-80厘米，分枝，有伸展的糙毛。叶互生，羽状深裂，裂片披针形或条状披针形，顶端急尖，边缘生粗锯齿，两面有糙毛。花蕾卵球形，有长梗，未开放时下垂；萼片绿色，椭圆形，长约1.8厘米，花开后即脱落；花瓣4，紫红色，基部常具深紫色斑，宽倒卵形或近圆形，长约3.5厘米；雄蕊多数，花丝深红紫色，花药黄色；雌蕊倒卵球形，长约1厘米，柱头辐射状。
分 布：各地
生 境：栽培
繁殖方式：种子
习 性：阳生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：祛风解毒、消肿、散瘀
药用主治：祛风解毒、消肿、散瘀
《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Papaver rhoeas Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 507. 1753.
虞美人 yu mei ren
Herbs, annual, setose throughout, rarely glabrous. Stems erect, 25-90 cm tall, branched, yellowish setose. Leaves alternate; blade lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 3-15 × 1-6 cm, both surfaces yellowish setose, veins prominent abaxially and slightly concave adaxially, pinnatifid, below divided; lobes lanceolate and bipinnatilobate, above parted or again lobed; lobes lanceolate, uppermost one serrate-pinnatilobate, terminal lobes usually large; lobules apically acuminate; lower leaves petiolate but upper ones sessile. Flowers solitary on stem and branch apices, bowl-shaped, 6-9 cm in diam. Pedicel 10-15 cm, compressed yellowish setose. Flower buds nutant, oblong-obovoid, setose. Sepals 2, green, broadly elliptic, 1-1.8 cm, adaxially setose. Petals 4, rich scarlet, occasionally mauvish, pink, orange, or white, with or without a basal dark blotch or flecking, orbicular, transversely broadly elliptic or broadly obovate, 2.5-4.5 cm, overlapping, entire, rarely crenate or apex incised. Stamens many; filaments dark mauve or purplish, filamentous, ca. 8 mm; anthers blue, oblong, ca. 1 mm. Ovary obovoid, 7-10 mm, glabrous; stigmas 8-12, actinomorphic, united into compressed disk, margin crenate. Capsule broadly obovoid, 10-18 mm, glabrous, inconspicuously costate. Seeds many, reniform-oblong, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar-Aug. 2n = 14.
Cultivated in China, sometimes escaping (in Taiwan) [native to N Africa, SW Asia, and Europe].
This species is used ornamentally and includes flowers in various colors as well as bicolored and semidouble forms.This species is used ornamentally and includes flowers in various colors as well as bicolored and semidouble forms.