二叶舌唇兰Platanthera chlorantha Cust. ex Rchb.
二叶舌唇兰Platanthera chlorantha Cust. ex Rchb.
2.二叶舌唇兰（中国高等植物图鉴）图版42：5-6
Platanthera chlorantha Cust. ex Rchb. in Moessl. Handb. ed. 2, 2: 1565, 1828; Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 109. 1919; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 28(1-2): 131. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 616, 图8062.1976; 秦岭植物志1 (1): 401, 图388.1976; K. Inoue in J. Jap. Bot. 58(10): 314. 1983; 西藏植物志5: 689, 图360. 1987; K. Y. Lang in Bot. Res. Inst. Bot. 4: 8. 1989 et 6: 56. 1992; 横断山区维管植物2: 2520. 1994. ——Orchis ochroleuca Rchb. , Fl. Germ. Exc. 1: 120. 1830. ——Habenaria chlorantha(Cust. ex Rchb. )Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 462. 1836. ——Habenaria subulifera W. W. Smith in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 13: 210. 1921. ——Platanthera subulifera(W. W. Smith)Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 20: 381. 1924. ——Platanthera freynii acut. non Kraenzl.: Clav. Pl. Chin. Bor. -Orien. ed. 1, 596. 1959.
植株高30-50厘米。块茎卵状纺锤形，肉质，长3-4厘米，基部粗约1厘米，上部收狭细圆柱形，细长。茎直立，无毛，近基部具2枚彼此紧靠、近对生的大叶，在大叶之上具2-4枚变小的披针形苞片状小叶。基部大叶片椭圆形或倒披针状椭圆形，长10-20厘米，宽4-8厘米，先端钝或急尖，基部收狭成抱茎的鞘状柄。总状花序具12-32朵花，长13-23厘米；花苞片披针形，先端渐尖。最下部的长于子房；子房圆柱状，上部钩曲，连花梗长1.6-1.8厘米；花较大，绿白色或白色；中萼片直立，舟状，圆状心形，长6-7毫米，宽5-6毫米，先端钝，基部具5脉；侧萼片张开，斜卵形，长7.5-8毫米，宽4-4.5毫米，先端急尖，具5脉；花瓣直立，偏斜，狭披针形，长5-6毫米，基部宽2.5-3毫米，不等侧，弯的，逐渐收狭成线形，宽1毫米，具1-3脉，与中萼片相靠合呈兜状；唇瓣向前伸，舌状，肉质，长8-13毫米，宽约2毫米，先端钝；距棒状圆筒形，长25-36毫米，水平或斜的向下伸展，稍微钩曲或弯曲，向末端明显增粗，末端钝，明显长于子房，为子房长的1.5-2倍；蕊柱粗，药室明显叉开；药隔颇宽，顶部宽1.5毫米，下部宽近4毫米；花粉团椭圆形，具细长的柄和近圆形的粘盘；退化雄蕊显著；蕊喙宽，带状；柱头1个，凹陷，位于蕊喙之下穴内。花期6-7 (-8)月。
产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、青海、四川、云南、西藏。生于海拔400-3300米的山坡林下或草丛中。欧洲至亚洲广布，从英格兰至朝鲜半岛也有分布。模式标本采自欧洲。
S. A. Nevskii（1935）在《苏联植物志》4: 659中记载P. freynii Kraenzl.分布至我国，它的距通常向上举，较强烈地弯曲和钩曲；花瓣基部等侧、不弯曲，向上突然收狭成线形。我国产的植物其距是水平或斜的向下伸展，不上举；花瓣基部不等侧、弯曲，向上逐渐变狭成线形均属本种。前者我国不产。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Reichenbach in M?ssler Handb. Gew?chsk., ed. 2. 2: 1565. 1829.
二叶舌唇兰 er ye she chun lan
Orchis chlorantha Custer, Neue Alp. 2: 400. 1827; Gymnadenia chlorantha (Custer) Ambrosi; Habenaria chlorantha (Custer) Babington; H. subulifera W. W. Smith; Platanthera sigmoidea Maekawa; P. subulifera (W. W. Smith) Schlechter.
Plants 30-54 cm tall. Rootstock tuberous, ovoid-fusiform, 2-4 × 0.8-1.5 cm. Stem erect, with a tubular sheath at base, 2-leaved. Leaves basal, subopposite, spatulate-elliptic or oblanceolate-elliptic, 10-20 × 3-8 cm, gradually contracted and sheathing at base, apex obtuse or acute. Peduncle slender to robust, with 1-4 scattered, lanceolate bracts; rachis 7-23 cm, laxly to subdensely 9-32-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, 10-22 mm, basal ones exceeding ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers fragrant, greenish white or white; pedicel and ovary arcuate, cylindric, 12-18 mm. Dorsal sepal erect, forming a hood with petals, ovate to orbicular-cordate, cymbiform, 5-7 × 5-6 mm, glabrous, 5-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals spreading, ovate, oblique, 7.5-8 × 4-4.5 mm, glabrous, 3-5-veined, apex acute. Petals narrowly ovate-lanceolate, oblique, 5-6 × 2.5-3 mm, 1-3-veined, apex acute; lip spreading to pendulous, ligulate, gradually tapering toward apex, 8-13 × ca. 2 mm, entire, apex obtuse; spur pendulous to spreading horizontally or sometimes arching upward, clavate-cylindric, 16-36 mm, exceeding ovary, conspicuously thickened toward apex, apex obtuse. Column stout; staminodes conspicuous; anther locules divergent; pollinia ellipsoid, with slender caudicles and orbicular viscidia; rostellum broad, tapelike; stigma lobes confluent, concave, lying directly below rostellum. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 42.
Forests on slopes, grasslands; 400-3300 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Russia; W Asia, Europe].
【拼音名】 èr Yè Shé Chún Lán
【别名】 土白及
【来源】 兰科长距兰属植物二叶舌唇兰Platanthera chlorantha Cust. ex Rchb.，以块茎入药。秋季采挖，洗净晒干。
【性味】 苦，平。
【功能主治】 补肺生肌，化瘀止血。用于肺痨咳血、吐血、衄血；外用治创伤，痈肿，水火烫伤。
【用法用量】 1～3钱。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
别名：长距兰;大叶长距兰;长苣兰;土白及;苏尼音-查合日麻;二叶长距兰;土白芨;白花粉蝶兰;
科名：兰科 Orchidaceae
属名：舌唇兰属 Platanthera
2.二叶舌唇兰（中国高等植物图鉴）图版42：5-6
Platanthera chlorantha Cust. ex Rchb. in Moessl. Handb. ed. 2, 2: 1565, 1828; Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 109. 1919; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 28(1-2): 131. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 616, 图8062.1976; 秦岭植物志1 (1): 401, 图388.1976; K. Inoue in J. Jap. Bot. 58(10): 314. 1983; 西藏植物志5: 689, 图360. 1987; K. Y. Lang in Bot. Res. Inst. Bot. 4: 8. 1989 et 6: 56. 1992; 横断山区维管植物2: 2520. 1994. ——Orchis ochroleuca Rchb. , Fl. Germ. Exc. 1: 120. 1830. ——Habenaria chlorantha(Cust. ex Rchb. )Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 462. 1836. ——Habenaria subulifera W. W. Smith in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 13: 210. 1921. ——Platanthera subulifera(W. W. Smith)Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 20: 381. 1924. ——Platanthera freynii acut. non Kraenzl.: Clav. Pl. Chin. Bor. -Orien. ed. 1, 596. 1959.
植株高30-50厘米。块茎卵状纺锤形，肉质，长3-4厘米，基部粗约1厘米，上部收狭细圆柱形，细长。茎直立，无毛，近基部具2枚彼此紧靠、近对生的大叶，在大叶之上具2-4枚变小的披针形苞片状小叶。基部大叶片椭圆形或倒披针状椭圆形，长10-20厘米，宽4-8厘米，先端钝或急尖，基部收狭成抱茎的鞘状柄。总状花序具12-32朵花，长13-23厘米；花苞片披针形，先端渐尖。最下部的长于子房；子房圆柱状，上部钩曲，连花梗长1.6-1.8厘米；花较大，绿白色或白色；中萼片直立，舟状，圆状心形，长6-7毫米，宽5-6毫米，先端钝，基部具5脉；侧萼片张开，斜卵形，长7.5-8毫米，宽4-4.5毫米，先端急尖，具5脉；花瓣直立，偏斜，狭披针形，长5-6毫米，基部宽2.5-3毫米，不等侧，弯的，逐渐收狭成线形，宽1毫米，具1-3脉，与中萼片相靠合呈兜状；唇瓣向前伸，舌状，肉质，长8-13毫米，宽约2毫米，先端钝；距棒状圆筒形，长25-36毫米，水平或斜的向下伸展，稍微钩曲或弯曲，向末端明显增粗，末端钝，明显长于子房，为子房长的1.5-2倍；蕊柱粗，药室明显叉开；药隔颇宽，顶部宽1.5毫米，下部宽近4毫米；花粉团椭圆形，具细长的柄和近圆形的粘盘；退化雄蕊显著；蕊喙宽，带状；柱头1个，凹陷，位于蕊喙之下穴内。花期6-7 (-8)月。
产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、青海、四川、云南、西藏。生于海拔400-3300米的山坡林下或草丛中。欧洲至亚洲广布，从英格兰至朝鲜半岛也有分布。模式标本采自欧洲。
S. A. Nevskii（1935）在《苏联植物志》4: 659中记载P. freynii Kraenzl.分布至我国，它的距通常向上举，较强烈地弯曲和钩曲；花瓣基部等侧、不弯曲，向上突然收狭成线形。我国产的植物其距是水平或斜的向下伸展，不上举；花瓣基部不等侧、弯曲，向上逐渐变狭成线形均属本种。前者我国不产。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Reichenbach in M?ssler Handb. Gew?chsk., ed. 2. 2: 1565. 1829.
二叶舌唇兰 er ye she chun lan
Orchis chlorantha Custer, Neue Alp. 2: 400. 1827; Gymnadenia chlorantha (Custer) Ambrosi; Habenaria chlorantha (Custer) Babington; H. subulifera W. W. Smith; Platanthera sigmoidea Maekawa; P. subulifera (W. W. Smith) Schlechter.
Plants 30-54 cm tall. Rootstock tuberous, ovoid-fusiform, 2-4 × 0.8-1.5 cm. Stem erect, with a tubular sheath at base, 2-leaved. Leaves basal, subopposite, spatulate-elliptic or oblanceolate-elliptic, 10-20 × 3-8 cm, gradually contracted and sheathing at base, apex obtuse or acute. Peduncle slender to robust, with 1-4 scattered, lanceolate bracts; rachis 7-23 cm, laxly to subdensely 9-32-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, 10-22 mm, basal ones exceeding ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers fragrant, greenish white or white; pedicel and ovary arcuate, cylindric, 12-18 mm. Dorsal sepal erect, forming a hood with petals, ovate to orbicular-cordate, cymbiform, 5-7 × 5-6 mm, glabrous, 5-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals spreading, ovate, oblique, 7.5-8 × 4-4.5 mm, glabrous, 3-5-veined, apex acute. Petals narrowly ovate-lanceolate, oblique, 5-6 × 2.5-3 mm, 1-3-veined, apex acute; lip spreading to pendulous, ligulate, gradually tapering toward apex, 8-13 × ca. 2 mm, entire, apex obtuse; spur pendulous to spreading horizontally or sometimes arching upward, clavate-cylindric, 16-36 mm, exceeding ovary, conspicuously thickened toward apex, apex obtuse. Column stout; staminodes conspicuous; anther locules divergent; pollinia ellipsoid, with slender caudicles and orbicular viscidia; rostellum broad, tapelike; stigma lobes confluent, concave, lying directly below rostellum. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 42.
Forests on slopes, grasslands; 400-3300 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Russia; W Asia, Europe].
【拼音名】 èr Yè Shé Chún Lán
【别名】 土白及
【来源】 兰科长距兰属植物二叶舌唇兰Platanthera chlorantha Cust. ex Rchb.，以块茎入药。秋季采挖，洗净晒干。
【性味】 苦，平。
【功能主治】 补肺生肌，化瘀止血。用于肺痨咳血、吐血、衄血；外用治创伤，痈肿，水火烫伤。
【用法用量】 1～3钱。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》