二叶兜被兰Neottianthe cucullata (Linn.) Schltr.
二叶兜被兰Neottianthe cucullata (Linn.) Schltr.
1.二叶兜被兰（中国高等植物图鉴）兜被兰（西藏植物志、横断山区维管植物）图版59：16-19
Neottianthe cucullata (L.) Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 292. 1919; Nevski in Fl. USSR, 4: 645. 1935; F. Maekawa, Wild Orch. Jap. Col. 137, pl. 32. 1971; 秦岭植物志1(1): 409. 1976; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 630, 图8089. 1976; H. Hara et al. , Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal 1: 49. 1978;西藏植物志5: 714. 1987, pro parte;横断山区维管植物2: 2535. 1994, pro parte; 东北植物检索表(第二版), 904, 图455(1). 1995; 青海植物志4: 312,图版52: 7-9. 1999; K. Y. Lang, Y. Z. Xi et Y. S. Hu in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(6): 536. 1997. ——Orchis cucullata L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 939. 1753. ——Gymnadenia cucullata(L. )L. C. Rich. in Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 57. 1818. ——Gymnadenia scabrilinguis Kraenzl. in Bot. Jahrb. Englar 36(Beibl. 82): 26. 1905. ——Gymnadenia cucullata var. maculates Nakai et Kitagawa in Rep. First. Sci. Exped. Manch. IV. 1: 20. 1934. ——Neotlianthe cucullata form. maculata(Nakai et Kitagawa)Nakai et Kitagawa, 1. c. 4: 72. 108. 1936. ——Habenaria cucullata(L. )Hoefft, Cat. Pl. Koursk. 56. 1826. ——Himantoglossum cucullatum(L. )Rchb. f. , Fl. Germ. Exc. 920. 1830.
植株高4-24厘米。块茎圆球形或卵形，长1-2厘米。茎直立或近直立，基部具1-2枚圆筒状鞘，其上具2枚近对生的叶，在叶之上常具1-4枚小的、披针形、渐尖的不育苞片。叶近平展或直立伸展，叶片卵形、卵状披针形或椭圆形，长4-6厘米，宽1.5-3.5厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部骤狭成抱茎的短鞘，叶上面有时具少数或多而密的紫红色斑点。总状花序具几朵至10余朵花，常偏向一侧；花苞片披针形，直立伸展，先端渐尖，最下面的长于子房或长于花；子房圆柱状纺锤形，长5-6毫米，扭转，稍弧曲，无毛；花紫红色或粉红色；萼片彼此紧密靠合成兜，兜长5-7毫米，宽3-4毫米；中萼片长5-6毫米，宽约1.5毫米，先端急尖，具1脉；侧萼片斜镰状披针形，长6-7毫米，基部宽1.8毫米，先端急尖，具1脉；花瓣披针状线形，长约5毫米，宽约0.5毫米，先端急尖，具1脉，与萼片贴生；唇瓣向前伸展，长7-9毫米，上面和边缘具细乳突，基部楔形，中部3裂，侧裂片线形，先端急尖，具1脉，中裂片较侧裂片长而稍宽，宽0.8毫米，向先端渐狭，端钝，具3脉；距细圆筒状圆锥形，长4-5毫米，中部向前弯曲，近呈U字形。花期8-9月。
产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西（秦岭以北）、甘肃、青海、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、河南、四川西部、云南西北部、西藏东部至南部。生于海拔400-4100米的山坡林下或草地。朝鲜半岛、日本、俄罗斯西北利亚地区至中亚、蒙古、西欧、尼泊尔也有分布。模式标本采自俄罗斯西伯利亚。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Neottianthe cucullata (Linnaeus) Schlechter Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 292. 1919.
二叶兜被兰 er ye dou bei lan
Plants (4-)8-24 cm tall. Tubers subglobose to ovoid, 8-15 mm. Stem erect or ascending, with 1 or 2 tubular sheaths at base, (1 or)2-leaved. Leaves basal, subopposite, dark green, adaxially often with purple spots, ovate, elliptic, oblanceolate-spatulate, or narrowly oblong, 2.2-9 × (0.5-)1-3 cm, apex acute to obtuse. Peduncle ebracteate or with 1-4 sterile bracts; rachis 1.5-8 cm, laxly to subdensely 4-22-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, 5-12 mm, lower ones exceeding ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers often secund, rose-pink to deep purple; ovary and pedicel slightly arcuate, 5-7 mm. Sepals connivent and forming a hood; hood 5-8 × 3-5 mm; dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, (4-)5-7 × 1.5-2.7 mm, 1-veined, apex acute; lateral sepals lanceolate, oblique, 5-8 × 1.5-2.8 mm, 1-veined, apex acute to acuminate. Petals appressed to dorsal sepal, linear-lanceolate, 4-7 × 0.5-1.2 mm, 1-veined, apex acute to acuminate; lip spreading, narrowly oblong, 5-10 × 1.8-3 mm, base cuneate, 3-lobed near middle; lateral lobes linear-lanceolate, 2-6 × 0.3-0.5 mm, 1-veined, apex acute; mid-lobe linear-lanceolate, 4-8 × 1-2 mm, 3-veined, apex obtuse; spur pendulous, straight to strongly curved forward, cylindric-conic, 4-6 mm, ca. 1 mm in diam. at base, apex obtuse. Fl. Jul-Oct.
Forests, thickets, grassy slopes, alpine grasslands; 400-4500 m. Anhui, N Fujian, Gansu, NE Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, W Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, N India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia; E Europe].
别名：百步还阳参;百部还阳丹;瓜米草;百步还阳丹;兜被兰;鸟巢兰;冲古日格－查合日麻;
科名：兰科 Orchidaceae
属名：兜被兰属 Neottianthe
1.二叶兜被兰（中国高等植物图鉴）兜被兰（西藏植物志、横断山区维管植物）图版59：16-19
Neottianthe cucullata (L.) Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 292. 1919; Nevski in Fl. USSR, 4: 645. 1935; F. Maekawa, Wild Orch. Jap. Col. 137, pl. 32. 1971; 秦岭植物志1(1): 409. 1976; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 630, 图8089. 1976; H. Hara et al. , Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal 1: 49. 1978;西藏植物志5: 714. 1987, pro parte;横断山区维管植物2: 2535. 1994, pro parte; 东北植物检索表(第二版), 904, 图455(1). 1995; 青海植物志4: 312,图版52: 7-9. 1999; K. Y. Lang, Y. Z. Xi et Y. S. Hu in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(6): 536. 1997. ——Orchis cucullata L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 939. 1753. ——Gymnadenia cucullata(L. )L. C. Rich. in Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 57. 1818. ——Gymnadenia scabrilinguis Kraenzl. in Bot. Jahrb. Englar 36(Beibl. 82): 26. 1905. ——Gymnadenia cucullata var. maculates Nakai et Kitagawa in Rep. First. Sci. Exped. Manch. IV. 1: 20. 1934. ——Neotlianthe cucullata form. maculata(Nakai et Kitagawa)Nakai et Kitagawa, 1. c. 4: 72. 108. 1936. ——Habenaria cucullata(L. )Hoefft, Cat. Pl. Koursk. 56. 1826. ——Himantoglossum cucullatum(L. )Rchb. f. , Fl. Germ. Exc. 920. 1830.
植株高4-24厘米。块茎圆球形或卵形，长1-2厘米。茎直立或近直立，基部具1-2枚圆筒状鞘，其上具2枚近对生的叶，在叶之上常具1-4枚小的、披针形、渐尖的不育苞片。叶近平展或直立伸展，叶片卵形、卵状披针形或椭圆形，长4-6厘米，宽1.5-3.5厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部骤狭成抱茎的短鞘，叶上面有时具少数或多而密的紫红色斑点。总状花序具几朵至10余朵花，常偏向一侧；花苞片披针形，直立伸展，先端渐尖，最下面的长于子房或长于花；子房圆柱状纺锤形，长5-6毫米，扭转，稍弧曲，无毛；花紫红色或粉红色；萼片彼此紧密靠合成兜，兜长5-7毫米，宽3-4毫米；中萼片长5-6毫米，宽约1.5毫米，先端急尖，具1脉；侧萼片斜镰状披针形，长6-7毫米，基部宽1.8毫米，先端急尖，具1脉；花瓣披针状线形，长约5毫米，宽约0.5毫米，先端急尖，具1脉，与萼片贴生；唇瓣向前伸展，长7-9毫米，上面和边缘具细乳突，基部楔形，中部3裂，侧裂片线形，先端急尖，具1脉，中裂片较侧裂片长而稍宽，宽0.8毫米，向先端渐狭，端钝，具3脉；距细圆筒状圆锥形，长4-5毫米，中部向前弯曲，近呈U字形。花期8-9月。
产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西（秦岭以北）、甘肃、青海、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、河南、四川西部、云南西北部、西藏东部至南部。生于海拔400-4100米的山坡林下或草地。朝鲜半岛、日本、俄罗斯西北利亚地区至中亚、蒙古、西欧、尼泊尔也有分布。模式标本采自俄罗斯西伯利亚。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Neottianthe cucullata (Linnaeus) Schlechter Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 292. 1919.
二叶兜被兰 er ye dou bei lan
Plants (4-)8-24 cm tall. Tubers subglobose to ovoid, 8-15 mm. Stem erect or ascending, with 1 or 2 tubular sheaths at base, (1 or)2-leaved. Leaves basal, subopposite, dark green, adaxially often with purple spots, ovate, elliptic, oblanceolate-spatulate, or narrowly oblong, 2.2-9 × (0.5-)1-3 cm, apex acute to obtuse. Peduncle ebracteate or with 1-4 sterile bracts; rachis 1.5-8 cm, laxly to subdensely 4-22-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, 5-12 mm, lower ones exceeding ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers often secund, rose-pink to deep purple; ovary and pedicel slightly arcuate, 5-7 mm. Sepals connivent and forming a hood; hood 5-8 × 3-5 mm; dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, (4-)5-7 × 1.5-2.7 mm, 1-veined, apex acute; lateral sepals lanceolate, oblique, 5-8 × 1.5-2.8 mm, 1-veined, apex acute to acuminate. Petals appressed to dorsal sepal, linear-lanceolate, 4-7 × 0.5-1.2 mm, 1-veined, apex acute to acuminate; lip spreading, narrowly oblong, 5-10 × 1.8-3 mm, base cuneate, 3-lobed near middle; lateral lobes linear-lanceolate, 2-6 × 0.3-0.5 mm, 1-veined, apex acute; mid-lobe linear-lanceolate, 4-8 × 1-2 mm, 3-veined, apex obtuse; spur pendulous, straight to strongly curved forward, cylindric-conic, 4-6 mm, ca. 1 mm in diam. at base, apex obtuse. Fl. Jul-Oct.
Forests, thickets, grassy slopes, alpine grasslands; 400-4500 m. Anhui, N Fujian, Gansu, NE Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, W Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, N India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia; E Europe].