长距玉凤花Habenaria davidii Franch.
长距玉凤花Habenaria davidii Franch.
27.长距玉凤花（中国高等植物图鉴）图版78：1
Habenaria davidii Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2, 10: 86. 1887; Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 124. 1919; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 27(1-2): 162. 1974;中国高等植物图鉴5: 638.图8105. 1976;西藏植物志5: 727,图384. 1987;横断山区维管植物2: 2543. 1994. ——Habenaria pectinata D. Don var. davidii(Franch.)Finet in Rev. Gen. Bot. 13: 531. 1901. ——Habenaria chloropecten Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 47 et 124. 1919, syn. nov. ——Habenaria leucopecten Schltr. 1. c. 49, 130; Hand.-Mazz, , Symb. Sin. 7: 1335. 1936, syn. nov.
植株高65-75厘米，干后变成黑色。块茎肉质，长圆形，长2-5厘米，直径0.8-1.5厘米。茎粗壮，直立，圆柱形，直径4-6毫米，具5-7枚叶。叶片卵形、卵状长圆形至长圆状披针形，长5-12厘米，宽1.5-4.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部抱茎，向上逐渐变小。总状花序具4-15朵花，长4-21厘米；花苞片披针形，长达4.5厘米，宽约1厘米，先端渐尖，下部的长于子房；子房圆柱形，扭转，无毛，连花梗长2.5-3.5厘米；花大，绿白色或白色；萼片淡绿色或白色，边缘具缘毛，中萼片长圆形，直立，凹陷呈舟状，长1.5-1.8毫米，宽6-7毫米，先端钝，具5脉；侧萼片反折，斜卵状披针形，长1.7-2厘米，宽6-8毫米，先端渐尖，具5-7脉；花瓣白色，直立，斜披针形，近镰状，不裂，外侧边缘不臌出，长1.4-1.7厘米，宽3-4毫米，先端近急尖，具3-5脉，边缘具缘毛，与中萼片靠合呈兜状；唇瓣白色或淡黄色，长2.5-3厘米，基部不裂，在基部以上3深裂，裂片具缘毛；中裂片线形，长20-25毫米，先端急尖，与侧裂片近等长；侧裂片线形，外侧边缘为蓖齿状深裂，细裂片7-10条，丝状；距细圆筒状，下垂，长4.5-6.5厘米，稍弯曲，末端稍膨大而钝，较子房长，甚至超出近1倍；花药直立；药隔顶部截平，宽4毫米，药室叉开，伸长；花粉团狭椭圆形，长4毫米，具线形、长5毫米且向上弯的柄和粘盘，粘盘小，近圆形；柱头的突起物细长，棒状，长5毫米，约与药室等长，前部镰状膨大，且向上弯曲；退化雄蕊小，长椭圆形。花期6-8月。
产于湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、云南西北部、西藏东部至南部。生于海拔800-3200米的山坡林下、灌丛下或草地。模式标本采自四力｝（宝兴）。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Habenaria davidii Franchet Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2. 10: 86. 1888.
长距玉凤花 chang ju yu feng hua
Habenaria chloropecten Schlechter; H. leucopecten Schlechter; H. pectinata D. Don var. davidii (Franchet) Finet; Kryptostoma davidii (Franchet) Szlachetko & Olszewski; Ochyrorchis davidii (Franchet) Szlachetko.
Plants turning black when dried, 65-75 cm tall. Tubers oblong, 2-5 × 0.8-1.5 cm, fleshy. Stem erect, terete, stout, 4-6 mm in diam., with 5-7 leaves. Leaf blade ovate, ovate-oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 5-12 × 1.5-4.5 cm, base amplexicaul, apex acuminate. Raceme 4-15-flowered, 4-21 cm; floral bracts lanceolate, ca. 4.5 cm, apex acuminate, basal ones longer than ovary; ovary twisted, terete, including pedicel 2.5-3.5 cm. Sepals greenish or white, margin ciliate; dorsal sepal erect, oblong, concave, 15-18 × 6-7 mm, 5-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals reflexed, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, 17-20 × 6-8 mm, 5-7-veined, apex acuminate. Petals forming a hood with dorsal sepal, erect, white, obliquely lanceolate, subfalcate, 14-17 × 3-4 mm, 3-5-veined, margin ciliate, unlobed, apex subacute; lip white or yellowish, 2.5-3 cm, spurred at base, deeply 3-lobed above base; lobes linear, margin ciliate; lateral lobes 2-2.5 cm, outer margin with 7-10 filiform lobules, lobules usually branching; mid-lobe nearly as long as lateral lobe, apex acute; spur pendulous, curved inward, cylindric, 4.5-6.5 cm, longer than ovary, slightly dilated toward apex; connective ca. 4 mm wide; pollinia narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 4 mm; caudicles linear, ca. 5 mm; viscidia suborbicular, small; stigmas clavate, ca. 5 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug.
● Forests, thickets, grasslands; 600-3200 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, E and S Xizang, C and NW Yunnan.
别名：长距鸭头兰;对对参;长距玉凤兰;鸡肾参;鸡肾草;双肾草;肾阳草;
科名：兰科 Orchidaceae
属名：玉凤花属 Habenaria
27.长距玉凤花（中国高等植物图鉴）图版78：1
Habenaria davidii Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2, 10: 86. 1887; Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 124. 1919; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 27(1-2): 162. 1974;中国高等植物图鉴5: 638.图8105. 1976;西藏植物志5: 727,图384. 1987;横断山区维管植物2: 2543. 1994. ——Habenaria pectinata D. Don var. davidii(Franch.)Finet in Rev. Gen. Bot. 13: 531. 1901. ——Habenaria chloropecten Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 47 et 124. 1919, syn. nov. ——Habenaria leucopecten Schltr. 1. c. 49, 130; Hand.-Mazz, , Symb. Sin. 7: 1335. 1936, syn. nov.
植株高65-75厘米，干后变成黑色。块茎肉质，长圆形，长2-5厘米，直径0.8-1.5厘米。茎粗壮，直立，圆柱形，直径4-6毫米，具5-7枚叶。叶片卵形、卵状长圆形至长圆状披针形，长5-12厘米，宽1.5-4.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部抱茎，向上逐渐变小。总状花序具4-15朵花，长4-21厘米；花苞片披针形，长达4.5厘米，宽约1厘米，先端渐尖，下部的长于子房；子房圆柱形，扭转，无毛，连花梗长2.5-3.5厘米；花大，绿白色或白色；萼片淡绿色或白色，边缘具缘毛，中萼片长圆形，直立，凹陷呈舟状，长1.5-1.8毫米，宽6-7毫米，先端钝，具5脉；侧萼片反折，斜卵状披针形，长1.7-2厘米，宽6-8毫米，先端渐尖，具5-7脉；花瓣白色，直立，斜披针形，近镰状，不裂，外侧边缘不臌出，长1.4-1.7厘米，宽3-4毫米，先端近急尖，具3-5脉，边缘具缘毛，与中萼片靠合呈兜状；唇瓣白色或淡黄色，长2.5-3厘米，基部不裂，在基部以上3深裂，裂片具缘毛；中裂片线形，长20-25毫米，先端急尖，与侧裂片近等长；侧裂片线形，外侧边缘为蓖齿状深裂，细裂片7-10条，丝状；距细圆筒状，下垂，长4.5-6.5厘米，稍弯曲，末端稍膨大而钝，较子房长，甚至超出近1倍；花药直立；药隔顶部截平，宽4毫米，药室叉开，伸长；花粉团狭椭圆形，长4毫米，具线形、长5毫米且向上弯的柄和粘盘，粘盘小，近圆形；柱头的突起物细长，棒状，长5毫米，约与药室等长，前部镰状膨大，且向上弯曲；退化雄蕊小，长椭圆形。花期6-8月。
产于湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、云南西北部、西藏东部至南部。生于海拔800-3200米的山坡林下、灌丛下或草地。模式标本采自四力｝（宝兴）。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Habenaria davidii Franchet Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2. 10: 86. 1888.
长距玉凤花 chang ju yu feng hua
Habenaria chloropecten Schlechter; H. leucopecten Schlechter; H. pectinata D. Don var. davidii (Franchet) Finet; Kryptostoma davidii (Franchet) Szlachetko & Olszewski; Ochyrorchis davidii (Franchet) Szlachetko.
Plants turning black when dried, 65-75 cm tall. Tubers oblong, 2-5 × 0.8-1.5 cm, fleshy. Stem erect, terete, stout, 4-6 mm in diam., with 5-7 leaves. Leaf blade ovate, ovate-oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 5-12 × 1.5-4.5 cm, base amplexicaul, apex acuminate. Raceme 4-15-flowered, 4-21 cm; floral bracts lanceolate, ca. 4.5 cm, apex acuminate, basal ones longer than ovary; ovary twisted, terete, including pedicel 2.5-3.5 cm. Sepals greenish or white, margin ciliate; dorsal sepal erect, oblong, concave, 15-18 × 6-7 mm, 5-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals reflexed, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, 17-20 × 6-8 mm, 5-7-veined, apex acuminate. Petals forming a hood with dorsal sepal, erect, white, obliquely lanceolate, subfalcate, 14-17 × 3-4 mm, 3-5-veined, margin ciliate, unlobed, apex subacute; lip white or yellowish, 2.5-3 cm, spurred at base, deeply 3-lobed above base; lobes linear, margin ciliate; lateral lobes 2-2.5 cm, outer margin with 7-10 filiform lobules, lobules usually branching; mid-lobe nearly as long as lateral lobe, apex acute; spur pendulous, curved inward, cylindric, 4.5-6.5 cm, longer than ovary, slightly dilated toward apex; connective ca. 4 mm wide; pollinia narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 4 mm; caudicles linear, ca. 5 mm; viscidia suborbicular, small; stigmas clavate, ca. 5 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug.
● Forests, thickets, grasslands; 600-3200 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, E and S Xizang, C and NW Yunnan.