碧玉兰Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. F.) Rchb. F.

科名：兰科 Orchidaceae

属名：兰属 Cymbidium

《中国植物志》第18卷205页
  11.碧玉兰（植物分类学报）图版34：5
  Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. n. s., 11: 332. 404. fig. 56. 1879: Seidenf. in Opera Bot. 72: 86. fig. 47. 1983, et 114: 343. 1992; Du Puy et Cribb, Genus Cymbidium 123. Pl. 16. phot. 92-95. fig. 24 (4, 5). 1988: Z. H. Tsi et S. C. Chen in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33 (3): 291. 1995: 中国兰花全书83.彩图5-8. 1998.——Cymbidium giganteum Wall. ex Lindl. var. lowianum Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron n. s., 7: 685. 1877. ——Cyperorchis lowiana (Rchb. f.) Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 20: 108. 1924. ——Cymbidium hookerianum Rchb. f. var. lowianum (Rchb. f.) Y. S. Wu et S. C. Chen in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18 (3): 303. fig. 2 (2). 1980.
  附生植物；假鳞茎狭椭圆形，略压扁，长6-13厘米，宽2-5厘米，包藏于叶基之内。叶5-7枚，带形，长65-80厘米，宽2-3.6厘米，先端短渐尖或近急尖，关节位于距基部6-9厘米处。花葶从假鳞茎基部穿鞘而出，近直立、平展或外弯，长60-80厘米；总状花序具10-20朵或更多的花；花苞片卵状三角形，长约3毫米；花梗和子房长3-4厘米；花直径7-9厘米，无香气；萼片和花瓣苹果绿色或黄绿色，有红褐色纵脉，唇瓣淡黄色，中裂片上有深红色的锚形斑（或V形斑及1条中线）；萼片狭倒卵状长圆形，长4-5厘米，宽1.4-1.6厘米；花瓣狭倒卵状长圆形，与萼片近等长，宽8-10毫米；唇瓣近宽卵形，长3.5-4厘米，3裂，基部与蕊柱合生达3-4毫米；侧裂片上被毛，尤其在前部密生短毛；中裂片上在锚形斑区密生短毛，边缘啮蚀状并稍呈波状；唇盘上2条纵褶片肥厚，从距基部7-9毫米处延伸到中裂片基部下方，上面生有细毛；蕊柱长2.7-3厘米，向前弯曲，两侧具翅，腹面基部有乳突或短毛；花粉团2个，三角形。花期4-5月。
  产云南西南部至东南部（盈江、龙陵、沧源、绿春、勐腊、勐海、景洪、金平）。生于林中树上或溪谷旁岩壁上，海拔1300-1900米。缅甸和泰国也有分布。模式标本采自缅甸。
形态特征：附生植物；假鳞茎狭椭圆形，略压扁，长6—13厘米，宽2—5厘米，包藏于叶基 之内。叶5--7枚，带形，长65—80厘米，宽2—3，6厘米，先端短渐尖或近急尖，关 节位于距基部6—9厘米处。花葶从．假鳞茎基部穿鞘而出，近直立、平展或外弯，长 60—80厘米；总状花序具10--20朵或更多的花；花苞片卵状三角形，长约3毫米；花 梗和子房长3—4厘米；花直径7--9厘米，无香气；萼片和花瓣苹果绿色或黄绿色，有 红褐色纵脉，唇瓣淡黄色，中裂片上有深红色的锚形斑(或V形斑及1条中线)；萼片 狭倒卵状长圆形，长4--5厘米，宽1．4—1．6厘米；花瓣狭倒卵状长圆形，与萼片近等 长，宽8—10毫米；唇瓣近宽卵形，长3．5--4厘米，3裂，基部与蕊柱合生达3--4毫 米；侧裂片上被毛，尤其在前部密生短毛；中裂片上在锚形斑区密生短毛，边缘啮蚀状 并稍呈波状；唇盘上2条纵褶片肥厚，从距基部7---9毫米处延伸到中裂片基部下方， 上面生有细毛；蕊柱长2．7 3厘米，向前弯曲，两侧具翅，腹面基部有乳突或短毛； 花粉团2个，三角形。 花期4--5月。
产地分布：产云南西南部至东南部(盈江、龙陵、沧源、绿春、勐腊、勐海、景洪、金平)。 生于林中树上或溪谷旁岩壁上，海拔1300--1900米。缅甸和泰国也有分布。模式标本 采自缅甸。
参考文献：Cymbidium lowianum(Rchb．F.)Rchb．F．In Gard．Chron．N．S，11：332．404．Fig．56．1879；Seidenf．In Opera Bot．72：86 fig．47．1983，et 114：343．1992；Du Puy et Cribb，Genus Cymbidium 123．P1．16．Phot．92---95．Fig．24(4，5)．1988；Z．H．Tsi et S．C．Chen in Acta Phytotax．Sin．33(3)：291．1995：中国兰花全书83．彩图5—8． 1998．--Cymbidium giganteum Wall．Ex Lindl．Var．Lowianum Rchb．F．In Gard．Chron n．S，7：685．1877，--Cyperorchis lowiana(Rchb．F．)Schltr．In Fedde Repert．SP．Nov．20：108．1924．--Cymbidiumhookerianum Rchb．F．Var．Lowianum(Rchb．F．)Y．S．Wu et S．C．Chen in ActaPhytotax．Sin．18(3)：303，fig．2(2)．1980．

《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Cymbidium lowianum  (H. G. Reichenbach) H. G. Reichenbach Gard. Chron., n.s.,. 11: 332. 1879.
碧玉兰   bi yu lan
Plants epiphytic or lithophytic, autotrophic. Pseudobulbs narrowly ellipsoid, slightly bilaterally flattened, 6-13 × 2-6 cm, enclosed in leaf bases. Leaves 5-7, lorate, 65-80 × 2-3.6 cm, articulate 6-9 cm from base, apex shortly acuminate or subacute. Inflorescence arising from within sheaths at base of pseudobulb, suberect or arching, 60-80 cm; rachis 10-20- or more flowered; floral bracts ovate-triangular, ca. 3 mm. Flowers not scented, 7-11.5 cm in diam.; pedicel and ovary 30-40 mm; sepals and petals apple-green or yellowish green with reddish brown longitudinal venation; lip pale yellow to whitish, mid-lobe with a large V-shaped red to pale chestnut or pale brown patch at apex. Sepals narrowly obovate-oblong, 40-50 × 14-16 mm, apex acute. Petals narrowly obovate-oblong, 40-50 × 8-10 mm, apex acute; lip broadly ovate, 35-40 mm, base fused to basal margins of column for 3-4 mm, 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, triangular; mid-lobe cordate, ca. 16 × 18 mm, margin erose and slightly undulate; disk velvety hairy toward apices of lateral lobes and at center and base of mid-lobe, V-shaped patch at apex of mid-lobe also composed of dense velvety hairs, with 2 short lamellae near base of lip; lamellae minutely hairy, not extending onto mid-lobe. Column arcuate, 27-30 mm, winged, papillate or puberulent near base; pollinia 2, deltoid.
Trees in forests, cliffs along valleys; 1300-1900 m. SE and SW Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Cymbidium lowianum var. ailaoense X. M. Xu (J. S. China Agric. Univ. 26(4): 121. 2005) was described from Yunnan but could not be treated here because no specimens were seen by the present authors.Cymbidium lowianum var. ailaoense X. M. Xu (J. S. China Agric. Univ. 26(4): 121. 2005) was described from Yunnan but could not be treated here because no specimens were seen by the present authors.