长叶兰Cymbidium erythraeum Lindl.
长叶兰Cymbidium erythraeum Lindl.
8.长叶兰（中国高等植物图鉴）
Cymbidium erythraeum Lindl. in J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 3: 30. 1859; Y. S. Wu et S. C. Chen in Acta Phytotax, Sin. 18 (3): 303. fig. 3 (8). 1980. “erythraecum”;西藏植物志5: 816.图447. 1987; Du Puy et Cribb, Genus Cymbidium 118. phot. 88, 89. fig. 23 (3). 1988;中国兰花 (第二版) 63.1993;横断山区维管植物2: 2601. 1994;中国兰花全书82.彩图5-7. 1998.——Cymbidium longifolium auct. non D. Don: Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl. 163. 1833; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 749.图8328. 1976. ——Cyperorchis longifolia (D. Don) Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 20: 108. 1924.
附生植物；假鳞茎卵球形，长2-5厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，包藏于叶基之内。叶5-11枚，二列，带形，长60-90厘米，宽7-15毫米，从中部向顶端渐狭，基部紫色，关节位于距基部3-6.5厘米处。花葶较纤细，近直立或外弯，长25-75厘米；总状花序具3-7朵或更多的花；花苞片近三角形，长2-4毫米；花梗和子房长2.5-4.3厘米；花直径7-8厘米，有香气；萼片与花瓣绿色，但由于有红褐色脉和不规则斑点而呈红褐色，唇瓣淡黄色至白色，侧裂片上有红褐色脉，中裂片上有少量红褐色斑点和1条中央纵线；萼片狭长圆状倒披针形，长3.4-5.2厘米，宽7-14毫米；花瓣镰刀状，长3.5-5.3厘米，宽3.5-7毫米，斜展；唇瓣近椭圆状卵形，长3-4.3厘米，3裂，基部与蕊柱合生达2-3毫米；侧裂片直立，被短毛，上部较多，边缘有时有短缘毛；中裂片心形至肾形，上面有小乳突，多少散生短毛；唇盘上2条褶片自下部延伸到中裂片基部；褶片上面密生短毛，顶端肥厚；蕊柱长2.3-3.2厘米，两侧具翅，下部有疏毛；花粉团2个，近三角形。蒴果梭状椭圆形，长4-5厘米，宽2-3厘米。花期10月至次年1月。
产四川西南部、云南西北部至东南部和西藏（波密、察隅、墨脱）。生于林中或林缘树上或岩石上，海拔1400-2800米。尼泊尔、不丹、锡金、印度、缅甸也有分布。模式标本采自锡金。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Cymbidium erythraeum Lindley J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 30. 1858.
长叶兰 chang ye lan
Plants epiphytic or lithophytic, autotrophic. Pseudobulbs ovoid, bilaterally flattened, 2-6 × 1.5-3 cm, enclosed in leaf bases. Leaves distichous, 5-12, deep green tinged purple at base, lorate, 35-90 × 0.7-1.5 cm, articulate 2.5-6.5 cm from base. Inflorescence arising from within sheaths at base of pseudobulb, suberect or arching, 40-75 cm, slender; rachis 23-29 cm, 3-8-flowered; floral bracts subtriangular, 2-4 mm. Flowers fragrant, 6.5-8 cm in diam.; pedicel and ovary 25-43 mm; sepals and petals green with heavy reddish brown longitudinal stripes and irregular spots of same color, or uniformly greenish yellow; lip pale yellow or white with red-brown venation on lateral lobes and a few red-brown spots and a central longitudinal dash on mid-lobe, or white with yellow venation on lateral lobes and scattered yellow spots on mid-lobe. Sepals narrowly oblong-oblanceolate to narrowly obovate-oblong, 34-52 × 7-14 mm, apex acute to obtuse. Petals falcate, ligulate, 33-53 × 4-7 mm, apex acute; lip elliptic-ovate, 24-43 mm, base fused to basal margins of column for 2-3 mm, 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, subovate, sometimes shortly ciliate; mid-lobe slightly recurved, cordate to ensiform, 8-9 × 10-11 mm, sometimes sparsely shortly hairy; disk densely hairy at apices of lateral lobes, papillate near base and on mid-lobe, with 2 puberulent lamellae extending to base of mid-lobe; lamellae slightly swollen toward apices. Column 23-32 mm, narrowly winged, sparsely hairy toward base; pollinia 2, subtriangular. Capsule fusiform-ellipsoid, 40-50 × 20-30 mm. Fl. Oct-Jan, fr. Mar-May. 2n = 40, 42.
Trees and rocks at forest margins and in forests; 1400-2800 m. C and SW Guizhou, SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW, SE, and W Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Vietnam].
别名：小虎头兰;
科名：兰科 Orchidaceae
属名：兰属 Cymbidium
8.长叶兰（中国高等植物图鉴）
Cymbidium erythraeum Lindl. in J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 3: 30. 1859; Y. S. Wu et S. C. Chen in Acta Phytotax, Sin. 18 (3): 303. fig. 3 (8). 1980. “erythraecum”;西藏植物志5: 816.图447. 1987; Du Puy et Cribb, Genus Cymbidium 118. phot. 88, 89. fig. 23 (3). 1988;中国兰花 (第二版) 63.1993;横断山区维管植物2: 2601. 1994;中国兰花全书82.彩图5-7. 1998.——Cymbidium longifolium auct. non D. Don: Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl. 163. 1833; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 749.图8328. 1976. ——Cyperorchis longifolia (D. Don) Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 20: 108. 1924.
附生植物；假鳞茎卵球形，长2-5厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，包藏于叶基之内。叶5-11枚，二列，带形，长60-90厘米，宽7-15毫米，从中部向顶端渐狭，基部紫色，关节位于距基部3-6.5厘米处。花葶较纤细，近直立或外弯，长25-75厘米；总状花序具3-7朵或更多的花；花苞片近三角形，长2-4毫米；花梗和子房长2.5-4.3厘米；花直径7-8厘米，有香气；萼片与花瓣绿色，但由于有红褐色脉和不规则斑点而呈红褐色，唇瓣淡黄色至白色，侧裂片上有红褐色脉，中裂片上有少量红褐色斑点和1条中央纵线；萼片狭长圆状倒披针形，长3.4-5.2厘米，宽7-14毫米；花瓣镰刀状，长3.5-5.3厘米，宽3.5-7毫米，斜展；唇瓣近椭圆状卵形，长3-4.3厘米，3裂，基部与蕊柱合生达2-3毫米；侧裂片直立，被短毛，上部较多，边缘有时有短缘毛；中裂片心形至肾形，上面有小乳突，多少散生短毛；唇盘上2条褶片自下部延伸到中裂片基部；褶片上面密生短毛，顶端肥厚；蕊柱长2.3-3.2厘米，两侧具翅，下部有疏毛；花粉团2个，近三角形。蒴果梭状椭圆形，长4-5厘米，宽2-3厘米。花期10月至次年1月。
产四川西南部、云南西北部至东南部和西藏（波密、察隅、墨脱）。生于林中或林缘树上或岩石上，海拔1400-2800米。尼泊尔、不丹、锡金、印度、缅甸也有分布。模式标本采自锡金。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Cymbidium erythraeum Lindley J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 30. 1858.
长叶兰 chang ye lan
Plants epiphytic or lithophytic, autotrophic. Pseudobulbs ovoid, bilaterally flattened, 2-6 × 1.5-3 cm, enclosed in leaf bases. Leaves distichous, 5-12, deep green tinged purple at base, lorate, 35-90 × 0.7-1.5 cm, articulate 2.5-6.5 cm from base. Inflorescence arising from within sheaths at base of pseudobulb, suberect or arching, 40-75 cm, slender; rachis 23-29 cm, 3-8-flowered; floral bracts subtriangular, 2-4 mm. Flowers fragrant, 6.5-8 cm in diam.; pedicel and ovary 25-43 mm; sepals and petals green with heavy reddish brown longitudinal stripes and irregular spots of same color, or uniformly greenish yellow; lip pale yellow or white with red-brown venation on lateral lobes and a few red-brown spots and a central longitudinal dash on mid-lobe, or white with yellow venation on lateral lobes and scattered yellow spots on mid-lobe. Sepals narrowly oblong-oblanceolate to narrowly obovate-oblong, 34-52 × 7-14 mm, apex acute to obtuse. Petals falcate, ligulate, 33-53 × 4-7 mm, apex acute; lip elliptic-ovate, 24-43 mm, base fused to basal margins of column for 2-3 mm, 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, subovate, sometimes shortly ciliate; mid-lobe slightly recurved, cordate to ensiform, 8-9 × 10-11 mm, sometimes sparsely shortly hairy; disk densely hairy at apices of lateral lobes, papillate near base and on mid-lobe, with 2 puberulent lamellae extending to base of mid-lobe; lamellae slightly swollen toward apices. Column 23-32 mm, narrowly winged, sparsely hairy toward base; pollinia 2, subtriangular. Capsule fusiform-ellipsoid, 40-50 × 20-30 mm. Fl. Oct-Jan, fr. Mar-May. 2n = 40, 42.
Trees and rocks at forest margins and in forests; 1400-2800 m. C and SW Guizhou, SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW, SE, and W Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Vietnam].