栏目

蜈蚣兰Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium (Makino) Garay

蜈蚣兰Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium (Makino) Garay

别名:飞天蜈蚣;气生兰;岩洛;柏子兰;米斛;石上蜈蚣;蜈蚣草;石蜈蚣;百脚蜈蚣;金百脚;

科名:兰科 Orchidaceae

属名:隔距兰属 Cleisostoma

《中国植物志》第19卷313页
  1. 蜈蚣兰(中国高等植物图鉴)
  Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium (Makino) Garay in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 23 (4): 174. 1972; 中国高等植物图鉴 5: 760. 图8350. 1976; Z. H. Tsi in Bull. Bot. Res. 3 (4): 72. 1983.——Sarcanthus scolopendrifolius Makino. Ill. Fl. Japan 1: t. 40. 1891; Ohwi, Fl. Japan: 455. 1978; Lee Tchang, Bot. III. Fl. Korea: 251, t. 1002. 1979.
  植物体匍匐。茎细长,粗约1.5毫米,多节,具分枝。叶革质,二列互生,彼此疏离,多少两侧对折为半圆柱形,长5-8毫米,粗约1.5毫米,先端钝,基部具长约5毫米的叶鞘。花序侧生,常比叶短;花序柄纤细,长2-4毫米,基部被1枚宽卵形的膜质鞘,总状花序具1-2朵花;花苞片卵形,长约0.5毫米,先端稍钝;花梗和子房长约3毫米;花质地薄,开展,萼片和花瓣浅肉色;中萼片卵状长圆形,长3毫米,宽1.5毫米,先端钝,具3条脉;侧萼片斜卵状长圆形、与中萼片等长而较宽,具3条脉;花瓣近长圆形,比中萼片小,具1条脉;唇瓣白色带黄色斑点,3裂;侧裂片直立,近三角形,上端钝并且稍向前弯;中裂片多少肉质,舌状三角形或箭头状三角形,长约3毫米,先端长急尖,基部中央具1条通向距内的褶脊;距近球形,粗约0.8毫米,末端凹入,内面背壁上方的胼胝体3裂;侧裂片角状,下弯;中裂片基部2裂呈马蹄状,其下部密被细乳突状毛;距内隔膜不发达,远离3裂的胼胝体;蕊柱粗短,长1.5毫米,上端扩大,基部具短的蕊柱足;蕊喙2裂,裂片近方形,宽而厚;药帽前端收窄,先端截形并且凹缺;粘盘柄宽卵形,基部折叠,粘盘马鞍形。花期4月。
  产河北(小五台山)?、山东(崂山)、江苏(南京栖霞山)、安徽(地点不详)、浙江东部(天台山、乐清、临海)、福建西部(宁化)、四川东北部(青川)。海拔达1000米,生于崖石上或山地林中树干上。也见于日本、朝鲜半岛南部。模式标本来自山东(崂山)。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Pelatantheria scolopendrifolia  (Makino) Averyanov Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad). 73: 432. 1988.
蜈蚣兰   wu gong lan
Sarcanthus scolopendrifolius Makino, Ill. Fl. Japan 1(7): t. 40. 1891; Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium (Makino) Garay.
Plants creeping. Stems slender, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., many noded, branched. Leaves distichous, rather close; blade ± conduplicate, subcylindric, 5-8 × ca. 1.5 mm, leathery, apex obtuse; basal sheaths ca. 5 mm. Inflorescence a raceme, lateral, often shorter than leaves; raceme 1- or 2-flowered; peduncle 2-4 mm, slender; floral bracts ovate, ca. 0.5 mm. Flowers opening widely, thinly textured; sepals and petals pale flesh-colored; lip white spotted with yellow; pedicel and ovary ca. 3 mm. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, ca. 3 × 1.5 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals obliquely ovate-oblong, ca. 3 × 2 mm. Petals suboblong, smaller than dorsal sepal; lip spurred at base, 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, subtriangular, obtuse; mid-lobe ligulate-triangular or sagittate-triangular, ca. 3 mm, ± fleshy, apex long acute, base with 1 ridge running into spur; spur subglobose, ca. 0.8 mm in diam., apex emarginate; callus on its back wall 3-lobed; lateral lobules horn-shaped; mid-lobule U-shaped, basal half densely minutely papillate-hairy; septum inside spur inconspicuous. Column ca. 1.5 mm, base with a short foot; anther cap truncate and emarginate at apex; stipe broadly ovate, base folded; viscidium saddle-shaped. Fl. Apr.
On rocks or tree trunks in forests or shaded places; 100-1000 m. Anhui, W Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong, NE Sichuan, E Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

《全国中草药汇编》:蜈蚣兰


【拼音名】 Wú Gōnɡ Lán
【别名】 金百脚、石蜈蚣、飞天蜈蚣、岩洛、蜈蚣草、百脚蜈蚣、柏子兰
【来源】 兰科隔距兰属植物蜈蚣兰Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium (Makino)Garay,以全草入药。全年可采,鲜用或晒干。
【性味】 微苦,凉。
【功能主治】 清热解毒,润肺止血。用于气管炎,咯血,胆囊炎,咽喉炎,急性扁桃体炎,慢性副鼻窦炎,肾盂肾炎,小儿惊风。
【用法用量】 0.5~1两。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
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