番石榴Psidium guajava Linn.

别名：guava;番桃;鸡矢果;秋果;喇叭番石榴;香石榴;挪拔;番稔;黄月土子;(木/那)拔;拔子;白子;木八仔;东果;花稔;番桃果;番头果;饭桃;广东石榴;广石榴;红心果;番桃树;百子树;林拔;那拔;黄肚子;扒仔;木/那;米念娇;马维;麻力干;蓝拔;广石榴冬桃;拨子;缅桃;芭乐;胶桃;米石榴;麻力咖;喇叭果;拔仔;胶子果;八仔;郊桃;交桃;鸡头果;石榴;鸡屎果;

科名：桃金娘科 Myrtaceae

属名：番石榴属 Psidium

《中国植物志》第53(1)卷123页
  2．番石榴（广州植物志）图版32：3-4
  Psidium guajava Linn. Sp. Pl. 470. 1753; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1 (1): 469. 1855; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 120. 1861; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma 1: 476. 1877; Duthie in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 468. 1878; Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 289. 1914; Gagnep. in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 848. 1921; Chung in Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 183. 1924; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 135. 1927; Walker in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 6: 29. 1928; McClure in Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bull. 3: 29. 1931; Hand.-Mazz. Sym. Sin. 3 (7): 596. 1933; 广州植物志200. 1956; 海南植物志2: 11. 图294. 1965;中国高等植物图鉴2: 990. 图3710. 1972——P. pomiferum Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 672. 1762; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 310. 1790, ed. Willd. 379. 1793; DC. Prodr. 3: 234. 1828——P. pyriferum Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 672. 1762; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 309. 1790, ed. Willd. 378. 1793; DC. Prodr. 3: 233. 1828.
  乔木，高达13米；树皮平滑，灰色，片状剥落；嫩枝有棱，被毛。叶片革质，长圆形至椭圆形，长6-12厘米，宽3.5-6厘米，先端急尖或钝，基部近于圆形，上面稍粗糙，下面有毛，侧脉12-15对，常下陷，网脉明显；叶柄长5毫米。花单生或2-3朵排成聚伞花序；萼管钟形，长5毫米，有毛，萼帽近圆形，长7-8毫米，不规则裂开；花瓣长1-1.4厘米，白色；雄蕊长6-9毫米；子房下位，与萼合生，花柱与雄蕊同长。浆果球形、卵圆形或梨形，长3-8厘米，顶端有宿存萼片，果肉白色及黄色，胎座肥大，肉质，淡红色；种子多数。
  原产南美洲。华南各地栽培，常见有逸为野生种，北达四川西南部的安宁河谷，生于荒地或低丘陵上；果供食用；叶含挥发油及鞣质等，供药用，有止痢、止血、健胃等功效；叶经煮沸去掉鞣质，晒干作茶叶用，味甘，有清热作用。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Psidium guajava  Linnaeus
番石榴   fan shi liu
Guajava pyrifera (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Myrtus guajava (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Psidium pomiferum Linnaeus; P. pyriferum Linnaeus.
Trees, to 13 m tall. Bark gray, smooth, peeling in strips. Branchlets angular, pubescent. Petiole ca. 5 mm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 6-12 × 3.5-6 cm, leathery, abaxially pubescent, adaxially slightly rough, secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein and usually impressed, reticulate veins obvious, base rounded, apex acute to obtuse. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 in cymes. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 5 mm, pubescent. Calyx cap nearly rounded, 7-8 mm, irregularly opening. Petals white, 1-1.4 cm. Stamens 6-9 mm. Ovary adnate to hypanthium. Style as long as stamens. Berry globose, ovoid, or pyriform, 3-8 cm, with persistent calyx lobes at apex; flesh white or yellow; placenta reddish, well developed, fleshy. Seeds many. Fl. summer.
Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, and Yunnan [native to tropical America].
Psidium guajava has become naturalized in disturbed habitats in many tropical parts of the world.

【拼音名】 Fān Shí Liu
【别名】 鸡矢果、拔子、番稔、花稔、番桃树、缅桃、胶子果
【来源】 桃金娘科番石榴属植物番石榴Psidium guajava L.，以叶和果入药。春、夏采叶，秋季采果，晒干。
【性味】 甘、涩，平。
【功能主治】 收敛止泻，消炎止血。叶、果：急、慢性肠炎，痢疾，小儿消化不良；鲜叶：外用治跌打损伤，外伤出血，臁疮久不愈合。
【用法用量】 叶、果0.5～1两；外用适量，鲜叶捣烂敷患处。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》