桑Morus alba Linn.

别名：霜桑叶;桐子桑;洋桑;野桑;衣拉马;纸皮;双叶;塔尔兴;桑皮;桑树;不早子;娘仔叶树;白桑;山桑条;桑枝;木＋厌;桑椹;伏桑;桑根皮;葫芦桑;桑白皮;荆桑;家桑;黄桑;桑枣树;岩桑;山桑树;桑椹树;谷皮树;连条;椹;桑粒;桑葚树;桑椹子;桑实;桑树叶;桑樱;台湾桑;潭仔叶;铁扇子;无花果;小叶桑;桑叶;蚕桑;冬霜叶;冬桑叶;岛桑;大桑叶皮;于及买;盐桑树;果桑;桑白树;崩那木;奥迪那木;家桑树;达日兴;桑叶树;桑垂;大皮树;white mulberry;

科名：桑科 Moraceae

属名：桑属 Morus

《中国植物志》第23(1)卷007页
  1.桑（本草经）家桑（四川），桑树（通称）图版2：1-3
  Morus alba Linn. Sp. Pl. ed 1: 986. 1753; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. -Bat. 2. 197. 1866; Bur. in DC. Prodr. 17: 236. 1873; Hook. f. Pl. Brit. Ind. 5: 492. 1888; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 455. 1899; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1: 236, f. 151o-c. 152, 153h-p. 1904; et in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 294. 1916; Gagnep. in Lecomte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 706. 1928; Koidz. in Bull. Sericult. Exp. Stat. Japan 3: (1): 52. 1930; Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Koreana 19: 94. 1932; Hotta in Acta Phytotax. ex Geobotan. 6: 111. 1937; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学229. 1937; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 478. f. 956. 1972; Kitam. et Murata, Col. Ill. Woody Pl. Japan 2: 249. 1976; Yamazaki in Journ. Phytogeogr. Taxon, 30 (2): 67. f. 2. 1. 1983; 西藏植物志2: 520, 1983, excl. fig.; 云南种子植物名录上册: 711.1984;湖北植物大全: 269.1992;横断山区维管植物上册: 301.1993; 新疆植物志1: 218. Pl. 64, f. 2-3. 1993; Nguyen T. Hiep in Tap chi SINN HOC 16 (4): 65. 1994. ——M. atropurpurea Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 595. 1832; Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. 2: t. 677. 1843; Koidz. in Bull. Sericult. Exp. Sta. Japan 3 (1): 55. 1930. ——M. alba Linn. var. atropurpurea (Roxb.) Bur. in DC. Prodr. 17: 238. 1873; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 295. 1916, pro syn.sub. M. alba Linn.
形态特征：落叶灌木或小乔木，高3-7米或更高；树皮灰白色，常有条状裂缝，枝折断后有乳汁流出。叶互生，卵形至广卵形，长5-15厘米，宽3-12厘米，先端急尖或钝，基部圆形、浅心形或稍偏斜，边缘有粗锯齿，有时呈不规则分裂，上面无毛，有光泽，下面脉上有疏毛，并有腋毛。花单性，雌雄异株，穗状花序腋生；雄花序长1-3厘米，雄花花被子片4，无花柱或花柱极短，柱头2裂，宿存。聚花果（桑椹）长1-2.5厘米，黑紫色或白色。花期4-5月，果期6-7月。
分    布：全国
生    境：栽培
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：根皮、
药用功能：利尿、祛痰、止咳
药用主治：肺热咳嗽、肿满喘促、小便不利

《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Morus alba  Linnaeus
桑   sang
Shrubs or trees, 3-10 m tall. Bark gray, shallowly furrowed. Branches finely hairy. Winter buds reddish brown, ovoid, finely hairy. Stipules lanceolate, 2-3.5 cm, densely covered with short pubescence. Petiole 1.5-5.5 cm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, irregularly lobed, 5-30 × 5-12 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent along midvein or in tufts in axil of midvein and primary lateral veins, adaxially bright green and glabrous, base rounded to ± cordate, margin coarsely serrate to crenate, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse. Male catkins pendulous, 2-3.5 cm, densely white hairy. Female catkins 1-2 cm, pubescent; peduncle 5-10 mm, pubescent. Male flowers: calyx lobes pale green, broadly elliptic; filaments inflexed in bud; anthers 2-loculed, globose to reniform. Female flowers: sessile; calyx lobes ovoid, ± compressed, with marginal hairs; ovary sessile, ovoid; style absent; stigmas with mastoidlike protuberance, branches divergent, papillose. Syncarp red when immature, blackish purple, purple, or greenish white when mature, ovoid, ellipsoid, or cylindric, 1-2.5 cm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Aug.
* Originally endemic to C and N China, now cultivated throughout China [widely cultivated throughout the world].
The leaves provide food for silkworms, the bark fiber is used for textiles and paper, and the bark is also used for medicine.