香椿Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem.

别名：春芽子;椿芽树皮;马泡子树;香椿皮;香铃子;椿芽;香椿树;春菜头;椿芽树;春颠皮;春阳树;椿白皮;椿菜;椿颠皮;椿根皮;椿花;红椿菜;椿甜树;椿皮;春芽树;香椿子;山椿;马泡子果;猪椿;虎眼;大眼桐;椿树芽;朝椿;鸡不子;红椿树;椿树;毛椿;红椿;虎目树;椿;椿树子;

科名：楝科 Meliaceae

属名：香椿属 Toona

《中国植物志》第43(3)卷037页
  1.香椿（通称）
  Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem. Fam. Nat. Reg. Veg. Syn. 1: 139. 1846; Harmsin Engl. u Prantl, Nat. Pllanzenfam. 3 (4): 269. 1895, ed. 2, 196 (1): 46. 1940; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 425. 1900; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 2: 131. 1907; Chien et Yang, Ic. Chin. For. Trees 1 (2): pl. 76. 1950; 侯宽昭、陈德昭, 植物分类学报4: 41. 1955; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 573, 图2876. 1972;海南植物志3: 75. 1974; 云南植物志1: 210, 图版48: 8-10. 1977; 江苏植物志, 下册405, 图1397. 1982; 云南种子植物名录, 下册834. 1984; 西藏植物志3: 36, 图13: 1-3. 1986; 广东植物志2: 303. 1991.——Cedrela sinensis A. Juss. in Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 19: 255, 294. 1830; C. DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 743. 1878, et in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 3: 360. 1908; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 114. 1886; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Add. Ser. 10: 58. 1912; Rehd. et Wils. in Pl. Wilson. 2: 156. 1914;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学602, 图501. 1957.——Ailanthus flavescens Carr. in Rev. Hortic. 366. 1865.——Cedrela chinensis Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, 5: 220. 1883.——Toona sinensis Roem. var. grandis Pamp. in Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. 17: 171. 1911.
形态特征：落叶乔木，高达25米，树皮赭褐色，成狭片状脱落；幼枝被柔毛，双数羽状复叶，互生，长25-50厘米，有特殊气味；小叶10-22，对生或近对生，z纸质，卵状披针形到卵形椭圆形，长8-15厘米，宽2.5-4厘米，先端渐尖，基部偏斜，边缘有疏锯齿，上面深绿色，无毛，下面色较，叶脉和脉间有长束毛；叶柄红色，基部肥大。圆锥花序项生；花芳香；萼片5，短小；花瓣5，白色，卵状椭圆形，能育雄蕊5枚，与5枚退化雄蕊互生；子房上位，有沟纹5条。蒴果椭圆形或卵圆形，长1.5-2.5厘米，先端开裂为5瓣。种子椭圆形，一端有膜质长翅。花期6月，果期9-10月。
分    布：恩施、宜昌、咸宁
生    境：海拔400-1100米的山坡、村边、路旁
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：根皮
药用功能：痢疾、肠炎、胃腹痛
药用主治：尿道炎、痢疾、丝虫病、崩漏、白带、便血、疝气痛、跌打损伤

《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Toona sinensis  (A. Jussieu) M. Roemer
香椿   xiang chun
Cedrela sinensis A. Jussieu, Bull. Sci. Nat. Géol. 23: 241. 1830; Ailanthus flavescens Carrière ["Ailantus"]; C. glabra C. Candolle; C. longiflora Wallich ex C. Candolle, nom. illeg. superfl. (included type of C. glabra); C. longiflora var. kumaona C. Candolle; C. serrata Royle; C. serrata var. puberula C. Candolle; C. serrulata Miquel; C. sinensis var. hupehana C. Candolle; C. sinensis var. lanceolata H. L. Li; C. sinensis var. schensiana C. Candolle; Mioptrila odorata Rafinesque; Surenus glabra (C. Candolle) Kuntze; S. serrata (Royle) Kuntze; S. serrulata (Miquel) Kuntze; S. sinensis (A. Jussieu) Kuntze; Toona glabra (C. Candolle) Harms; T. microcarpa (C. Candolle) Harms var. denticulata A. Chevalier; T. microcarpa var. grandifolia A. Chevalier; T. serrata (Royle) M. Roemer; T. serrulata (Miquel) Harms; T. sinensis var. grandis Pampanini; T. sinensis var. hupehana (C. Candolle) A. Chevalier; T. sinensis var. incarvillei A. Chevalier; T. sinensis var. schensiana (C. Candolle) H. Li ex X. M. Chen.
Trees to 40 m tall; trunk to 20 m tall, to 1.5 m d.b.h., buttressed. Bark gray to dark brown, fissured; inner bark pink to red, fibrous; sap-wood cream-colored to red, fibrous, smelling strongly of garlic and pepper when cut. Leaves 32-120 cm; petiole 5.5-20 cm, glabrous or pilose; rachis often reddish, glabrous or pilose; leaflets usually 8-20 pairs; petiolules 3-9 mm, glabrescent; leaflet blades narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 11-22 × 3-5.6 cm, glabrous or pilose especially on midvein and secondary veins, with club-shaped glandular trichomes conspicuous on adaxial midvein areas and junction between leaf rachis and petiolules, base asymmetric, margin serrate, serrulate, or rarely entire, apex acuminate. Inflorescences to 1 m, pendent; rachis pilose, villous, or glabrescent, with short appressed or spreading simple trichomes. Flowers 3.5-4.5 mm. Pedicel ca. 0.5 mm, pilose to glabrescent. Calyx cup-shaped, 1-1.5 mm, outside glabrous; sepals 0.5-1.1 × 0.6-1.8 mm, margins ciliate. Petals white or flushed pink, 2.8-4.2 × 1.1-2.9 mm, outside glabrous, margin not ciliate. Androgynophore 2.5-4 mm, glabrous; staminodes always present, (1-)5, 0.7-1.8 mm, glabrous; filaments 1.3-1.8 mm (male flowers), 1-1.5 mm (female flowers), glabrous; anthers of male flowers 0.8-1.2 × 0.5-0.8 mm; antherodes of female flowers 0.3-0.8 × 0.3-0.5 mm, apex apiculate and sometimes extended. Disk orange, 1-1.5 mm in diam., glabrous. Ovary 1.6-2.3 mm in diam., glabrous, with to 6 ovules per locule; style 1.1-1.5 × ca. 0.5 mm (male), 0.5-0.8 × 0.3-0.4 mm (female), glabrous; stylehead 0.5-1 mm in diam. Capsule 1.5-3 cm; columella 1.2-2.9 × 0.6-1.1 cm, convex; valves reddish to dark brown, 1.5-3 × 0.4-0.7 cm, smooth or occasionally punctate but not conspicuously lenticellate, with only 0.3-0.5 mm in diam. scattered lenticels. Seeds 0.8-1.6 cm × 3.5-6.2 mm, winged at one end; seed body 0.8-1 cm × 1.7-4 mm. Fl. May-Oct, fr. Aug-Jan.
Primary montane forests, especially on steep hillsides or open slopes, sometimes near streams; also occurring in ravines, mixed or secondary forests, disturbed areas; below 100-2900 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand].
This is generally an upland species but also occurs at lower altitudes in China. It is planted in India and Sri Lanka for shade, and in various European cities (e.g., Paris) as an ornamental.

The timber is used for furniture and sieve hoop-making, and in bridge construction. The leaves are used as a vegetable in China and Malaysia, and as animal fodder in India. The trees are widely used medicinally, with the bark being used as an astringent and depurative, powdered root as a refreshment and a diuretic, and tender leaves as a carminative.

The leaf morphology and indumentum types and density are particularly variable in this species, with capsule valve form also showing some variability. On the basis of such features, up to eight infraspecific variants have been recognized by other authors.

【拼音名】 Xiānɡ Chūn
【别名】 红椿、椿芽树、椿花、香铃子
【来源】 楝科椿属植物香椿Toona sinensis （A. Juss.） Roem.,[Cedrela sinensis A. Juss.]，以根皮、叶、嫩枝及果入药。根皮全年可采。秋后采果。夏秋采叶及嫩枝。
【性味】 苦、涩，温。
【功能主治】 祛风利湿，止血止痛。
根皮：用于痢疾，肠炎，泌尿道感染，便血，血崩，白带，风湿腰腿痛。
叶及嫩枝：痢疾。
果：胃、十二指肠溃疡，慢性胃炎。
【用法用量】 根皮3～5钱，果2～3钱。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》