麻楝Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss.

别名：麻栋;埋用炕;白椿;白皮香椿;母楹;阴麻树;假铁椤;铁罗槁;毛麻楝;

科名：楝科 Meliaceae

属名：麻楝属 Chukrasia

《中国植物志》第43(3)卷047页
  1.麻楝（植物分类学报）
  Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. in Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 19: 251. 1830; Hiern in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 568. 1876; C. DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 726. 1878; Pierre. Fl. Forest. Cochinch. pl. 357. 1895; Harms in Engl. u Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (4): 273. 1897, et ed. 2, 191, (1): 66. 1940; Pellegr. in Lecomre, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 780. 1911; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 2: 32. 1934; 侯宽昭、陈德昭, 植物分类学报4: 32. 1955; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 571, 图2872. 1972; 海南植物志3: 70, 图572. 1974; 云南植物志1: 211, 图版49: 1-4. 1977; T. C. Whitmore in Hara et Williams, Enum. Flow: Pl. Nep. 85. 1979, 云南种子植物名录, 上册829. 1984, 广东植物志2: 297, 图192. 1991.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Chukrasia tabularis  A. Jussieu
麻楝   ma lian
Chickrassia nimmonii J. Graham ex Wight; C. tabularis Wight & Arnott; C. tabularis var. velutina (M. Roemer) King; C. velutina M. Roemer; Chukrasia tabularis var. velutina (M. Roemer) Pellegrin; C. velutina (M. Roemer) C. Candolle; Dysoxylum esquirolii H. Léveillé.
Trees to 25 m tall. Bark of old branches exfoliating. Young branches reddish brown, glabrous, with pale lenticels. Leaves usually 30-50 cm; petiole cylindric, 4.5-7 cm; leaflets 10-16; petiolules 4-8 mm; leaflet blades ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 7-12 × 3-5 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially pubescent, secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein and abaxially prominent, base oblique, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate. Thyrses lax, ca. 1/2 as long as leaves, branches glabrous or subglabrous; peduncle short; bracts linear, caducous. Flowers 1.2-1.5 cm, fragrant. Pedicel short, jointed. Calyx ca. 2 mm, puberulent. Petals cream-colored to ± lavender, linear-oblong to spatulate, 12-15 × 5-6 mm. Staminal tube cylindric, glabrous, apex truncate; anthers 10, oblong, inserted near apex of tube. Ovary on a short disk, elongate, covered with trichomes; style cylindric, short, thick, covered with trichomes; stigma as high as anthers, capitate, apically 3-lobed. Capsule yellowish gray to brown, subglobose to oblong, ca. 4.5 × 3.5-4 cm, usually 3-valved, woody, surface coarse and verrucose, many seeded. Seeds flat, oblong, ca. 3 × 0.5 mm, broadly winged. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul-Jan.
Mixed evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forests, sparse forests in hilly regions; 300-1600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, S Guizhou, Hainan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
The timber is valuable for making furniture, plywood, carving planks, and woodwork in railway carriages. A yellow transparent gum is obtained from the sap; the astringent bark is medicinal.

【拼音名】 Má Liàn
【来源】 药材基源：为楝科植物麻楝的根皮。
拉丁植物动物矿物名：Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss.
采收和储藏：全年均可采；挖取根部，剥取根皮，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
【原形态】 麻楝 乔木，高达30m。枝赤褐色，无毛，有苍白色皮孔。通常为偶数羽状复叶，长30-50cm，无毛；小叶10-16，互生，纸质，卵形至长圆状披针形，长7-12cm，宽3-5cm，先端渐尖或尾尖，基部偏斜而圆，全缘，两面均无毛或近无毛。花两性，圆锥花序顶生和腋生，总花梗短，长约为叶之半，近无毛；花梗短，具节；苞片线形，长达1cm，早落；花萼浅杯状，5-6裂，裂齿短而钝，外面略被极短柔毛；花瓣4-5，黄色或略带紫色，长圆形，长1.2-1.5cm，外面中部以上被极稀疏的短柔毛；雄蕊管圆筒形，长9-10mm，无毛，先端近平截，花药10；子房具柄，略被紧贴的短硬毛，花柱被毛，柱头头状。蒴果灰黄色或褐色，近球形或椭圆形，长约4cm，宽3.5-4cm，先端凸尖，无毛，表面粗糙有淡褐色的小疣点。种子扁平，椭圆形，直径约5mm，具膜质的翅，连翅长1.2-2cm。花期4-5月，果期8-9月。
【生境分布】 生态环境：生于海拔500-1030m的山坡、山谷林中。
资源分布：分布于广东、海南、广西、云南、西藏等地。
【性味】 苦；寒
【功能主治】 疏风清热。主感冒发热
【用法用量】 内服：煎汤，6-10g。
【摘录】 《中华本草》