柏拉木Blastus cochinchinensis Lour.
柏拉木Blastus cochinchinensis Lour.
1．柏拉木（中国树木分类学）黄金梢（广东大陆），山甜娘（海南岛），崩疮药（广西）
Blastus cochinchinensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 526. 1790; Seem. in Journ. Bot. 1: 281. 1863; Hance in Journ. Linn. Soc. 8: 103. 1867; Triana in Trans, Linn. Soc. 28: 73. t. 6, f. 65. 1871; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 103. 1887; Hayata Icon. Pl. Formos. 2: 24. 1912; Guillaum. in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 896. 1921; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 65: 105. 1932; Kanehira Formos. Trees 261. 1917 et rev. ed. 509. f. 471. 1936; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学889. 1937; H. L. Li in Journ. Arn. Arb. 25: 14. 1944 et Woody Fl. Taiwan 654. 1963; H. Keng in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 8: 21. t. 3. 1955; 海南植物志2: 30. 图303. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 1005.图3739. 1972; H. Keng et H. L. Li in Fl. Taiwan 3: 844. Pl. 835. 1977; 云南植物志2: 103. 1979; Lauever in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 31: 398. 1972——Anplectrum parviflorum Benth. Fl. Hongk. 116. 1861——B. parviflorus Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 74. t. 6, f. 65. 1871——B. marchandii Levl. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 11: 494. 1913.
灌木，高0.6-3米；茎圆柱形，分枝多，幼时密被黄褐色小腺点，以后脱落。叶片纸质或近坚纸质，披针形、狭椭圆形至椭圆状披针形，顶端渐尖，基部楔形，长6-12(-18)厘米，宽2-4 (-5)厘米，全缘或具极不明显的小浅波状齿，3(-5)基出脉，叶面被疏小腺点，以后脱落，基出脉下凹，侧脉微凸，背面密被小腺点，基出脉、侧脉明显，隆起，细脉网状，明显；叶柄长1-2(-3)厘米，被小腺点。伞状聚伞花序，腋生，总梗长约2毫米至几无，密被小腺点；花梗长约3毫米，密被小腺点；花萼钟状漏斗形，长约4毫米，密被小腺点，钝四棱形，裂片4(-5)，广卵形，长约1毫米，具小尖头；花瓣4(-5)，白色至粉红色，卵形，顶端渐尖或近急尖，长约4毫米，于右上角突出一小片；雄蕊4(-5)，等长，花丝长约4毫米，花药长约4毫米，粉红色，呈曲膝状，药隔微膨大，下延直达花药基部，有时几呈小瘤状；子房坛形，下位，4室，顶端具4个小突起，被疏小腺点。蒴果椭圆形，4裂，为宿存萼所包；宿存萼与果等长，檐部平截，被示腺点。花期6-8月，果期10-12月，有时茎上部开花，下部果熟。
产云南、广西、广东、福建、台湾。生于海拔200-1300米的阔叶林内。印度至越南均有。
全株有拔毒生肌的功效，用于治疮疖；根可止血，治产后流血不止；根、茎含鞣料。
H. Leveille (Flore du Kouy-Tcheou 276. 1914)曾记载贵州有本种，但我们未见标本，待考。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Blastus cochinchinensis Loureiro
柏拉木 bai la mu
Anplectrum parviflorum Bentham; Blastus marchandii H. Léveillé; B. parviflorus (Bentham) Triana.
Shrubs 0.6-3 m tall. Stems terete, densely yellow glandular when young, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2(-3) cm, glandular; leaf blade lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 6-12(-18) × 2-4(-5) cm, papery to substiffly papery, abaxially densely glandular, adaxially sparsely glandular but glabrescent, secondary veins 1(or 2) on each side of midvein, base cuneate, margin entire or very inconspicuously denticulate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, umbellate cymose; peduncle ca. 2 mm to almost absent. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, densely glandular. Hypanthium campanulate-funnelform, obtusely 4-sided, ca. 4 mm, densely peltate glandular. Calyx lobes 4(or 5), broadly ovate, ca. 1 mm. Petals 4(or 5), white or pink, ovate, ca. 4 mm, apex acuminate to subacute. Stamens 4(or 5); filaments ca. 4 mm; anthers pink, lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, geniculate; connective slightly inflated, decurrent at base of anther. Ovary inferior, urceolate, 4-celled, slightly glandular. Capsule elliptic to ovoid, ca. 3 × 2-3 mm, 4-sided, glandular. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Oct-Dec.
Mixed forests, stony soil; 200-1300 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam].
别名：崩疮药;崩沙药;黄金梢;伯拉木;四大天王;山甜娘;越南柏拉木;山暗赤;黄金木;野锦香;柴狗利;
科名：野牡丹科 Melastomataceae
属名：柏拉木属 Blastus
1．柏拉木（中国树木分类学）黄金梢（广东大陆），山甜娘（海南岛），崩疮药（广西）
Blastus cochinchinensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 526. 1790; Seem. in Journ. Bot. 1: 281. 1863; Hance in Journ. Linn. Soc. 8: 103. 1867; Triana in Trans, Linn. Soc. 28: 73. t. 6, f. 65. 1871; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 103. 1887; Hayata Icon. Pl. Formos. 2: 24. 1912; Guillaum. in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 896. 1921; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 65: 105. 1932; Kanehira Formos. Trees 261. 1917 et rev. ed. 509. f. 471. 1936; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学889. 1937; H. L. Li in Journ. Arn. Arb. 25: 14. 1944 et Woody Fl. Taiwan 654. 1963; H. Keng in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 8: 21. t. 3. 1955; 海南植物志2: 30. 图303. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 1005.图3739. 1972; H. Keng et H. L. Li in Fl. Taiwan 3: 844. Pl. 835. 1977; 云南植物志2: 103. 1979; Lauever in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 31: 398. 1972——Anplectrum parviflorum Benth. Fl. Hongk. 116. 1861——B. parviflorus Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 74. t. 6, f. 65. 1871——B. marchandii Levl. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 11: 494. 1913.
灌木，高0.6-3米；茎圆柱形，分枝多，幼时密被黄褐色小腺点，以后脱落。叶片纸质或近坚纸质，披针形、狭椭圆形至椭圆状披针形，顶端渐尖，基部楔形，长6-12(-18)厘米，宽2-4 (-5)厘米，全缘或具极不明显的小浅波状齿，3(-5)基出脉，叶面被疏小腺点，以后脱落，基出脉下凹，侧脉微凸，背面密被小腺点，基出脉、侧脉明显，隆起，细脉网状，明显；叶柄长1-2(-3)厘米，被小腺点。伞状聚伞花序，腋生，总梗长约2毫米至几无，密被小腺点；花梗长约3毫米，密被小腺点；花萼钟状漏斗形，长约4毫米，密被小腺点，钝四棱形，裂片4(-5)，广卵形，长约1毫米，具小尖头；花瓣4(-5)，白色至粉红色，卵形，顶端渐尖或近急尖，长约4毫米，于右上角突出一小片；雄蕊4(-5)，等长，花丝长约4毫米，花药长约4毫米，粉红色，呈曲膝状，药隔微膨大，下延直达花药基部，有时几呈小瘤状；子房坛形，下位，4室，顶端具4个小突起，被疏小腺点。蒴果椭圆形，4裂，为宿存萼所包；宿存萼与果等长，檐部平截，被示腺点。花期6-8月，果期10-12月，有时茎上部开花，下部果熟。
产云南、广西、广东、福建、台湾。生于海拔200-1300米的阔叶林内。印度至越南均有。
全株有拔毒生肌的功效，用于治疮疖；根可止血，治产后流血不止；根、茎含鞣料。
H. Leveille (Flore du Kouy-Tcheou 276. 1914)曾记载贵州有本种，但我们未见标本，待考。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Blastus cochinchinensis Loureiro
柏拉木 bai la mu
Anplectrum parviflorum Bentham; Blastus marchandii H. Léveillé; B. parviflorus (Bentham) Triana.
Shrubs 0.6-3 m tall. Stems terete, densely yellow glandular when young, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2(-3) cm, glandular; leaf blade lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 6-12(-18) × 2-4(-5) cm, papery to substiffly papery, abaxially densely glandular, adaxially sparsely glandular but glabrescent, secondary veins 1(or 2) on each side of midvein, base cuneate, margin entire or very inconspicuously denticulate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, umbellate cymose; peduncle ca. 2 mm to almost absent. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, densely glandular. Hypanthium campanulate-funnelform, obtusely 4-sided, ca. 4 mm, densely peltate glandular. Calyx lobes 4(or 5), broadly ovate, ca. 1 mm. Petals 4(or 5), white or pink, ovate, ca. 4 mm, apex acuminate to subacute. Stamens 4(or 5); filaments ca. 4 mm; anthers pink, lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, geniculate; connective slightly inflated, decurrent at base of anther. Ovary inferior, urceolate, 4-celled, slightly glandular. Capsule elliptic to ovoid, ca. 3 × 2-3 mm, 4-sided, glandular. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Oct-Dec.
Mixed forests, stony soil; 200-1300 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam].