乐昌含笑Michelia chapensis Dandy

别名：大叶含笑;广东含笑;景烈含笑;老君山含笑;南方含笑;小果含笑;沙巴含笑;麻栗坡含笑;景烈白兰;光叶含笑;亮叶含笑;

科名：木兰科 Magnoliaceae

属名：含笑属 Michelia

《中国植物志》第30(1)卷170页
  16. 乐昌含笑（中国树木志） 图版45：7-9
  Michelia chapensis Dandy in Journ. Bot. 67: 222. 1929; 中国树木志1: 494.图159. 1983; 广东植物志1: 17.图16. 1987.——M. tsoi Dandy in Journ. Bot. 68: 213. 1930.
  乔木，高15-30米，胸径1米，树皮灰色至深褐色；小枝无毛或嫩时节上被灰色微柔毛。叶薄革质，倒卵形，狭倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形，长 6.5-15 (16)厘米，宽3.5-6.5 (7) 厘米，先端骤狭短渐尖，或短渐尖，尖头钝，基部楔形或阔楔形，上面深绿色，有光泽，侧脉每边9-12 (15) 条，网脉稀疏；叶柄长1.5-2.5厘米，无托叶痕，上面具张开的沟，嫩时被微柔毛，后脱落无毛。花梗长4-10毫米，被平伏灰色微柔毛，具2-5苞片脱落痕；花被片淡黄色，6片，芳香，2轮，外轮倒卵状椭圆形，长约3厘米，宽约1.5厘米；内轮较狭；雄蕊长1.7-2厘米，花药长1.1-1.5厘米，药隔伸长成1毫米的尖头；雌蕊群狭圆柱形，长约1.5厘米，雌蕊群柄长约7毫米，密被银灰色平伏微柔毛；心皮卵圆形，长约2毫米，花柱长约1.5毫米；胚珠约6枚。聚合果长约10厘米，果梗长约2厘米；蓇葖长圆体形或卵圆形，长1-1.5厘米，宽约1厘米，顶端具短细弯尖头，基部宽；种子红色，卵形或长圆状卵圆形，长约1厘米，宽约6毫米。花期3-4月，果期8-9月。
  产于江西南部、湖南西部及南部、广东西部及北部、广西东北部及东南部。生于海拔500-1 500米的山地林间。越南也有分布。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Michelia chapensis  Dandy J. Bot. 67: 222. 1929.
乐昌含笑   le chang han xiao
Magnolia chapensis (Dandy) Sima; M. jiangxiensis (Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen) Figlar; M. microcarpa (B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang) Sima; Michelia brachyandra B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang; M. chartacea B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang; M. constricta Dandy; M. glaberrima Hung T. Chang; M. jiangxiensis Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen; M. microcarpa B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang; M. tsoi Dandy.
Trees, 15-30 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Bark gray to dark brown. Twigs glabrous or nodes grayish puberulous when young. Petiole 1-2.5 cm, adaxially furrowed, glabrous or puberulous when young but later glabrescent, without a stipular scar; leaf blade obovate, narrowly obovate, or oblong-obovate, 6.5-15(-16) × 3-6.5(-7) cm, thinly leathery, adaxially deep green and glossy, secondary veins 9-12(-15) on each side of midvein, reticulate veins sparse, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or obtuse, apex acute to shortly acuminate, acumen obtuse. Brachyblasts 4-10 mm, appressed gray puberulous, with 2-5 bract scars. Flowers fragrant. Tepals 6, in 2 whorls, pale yellow; outer tepals obovate-elliptic, ca. 3 × 1.5 cm; inner tepals narrower. Stamens 1.7-2 cm; connective exserted and forming a ca. 1 mm mucro; anthers 1.1-1.5 cm. Gynophore ca. 7-10 mm, densely silvery appressed puberulous; gynoecium narrowly cylindric, ca. 1.5 cm; carpels ovoid, ca. 2 mm; ovules 6 per carpel; styles ca. 1.5 mm. Fruiting brachyblasts ca. 2 mm. Fruit 3.5-10 cm; mature carpels ellipsoid to ovoid, 1-1.5 × ca. 1 cm, base broad, apex with short and curved tip. Seeds red, ovoid to ellipsoid-ovoid, ca. 10 × 6 mm. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Nov.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 500-1700 m. N and W Guangdong, NE and SE Guangxi, Guizhou, S and W Hunan, S Jiangxi, SE Yunnan [N Vietnam].
This species is grown as an ornamental and used for timber.This species is grown as an ornamental and used for timber.