望春玉兰Magnolia biondii Pampan.
望春玉兰Magnolia biondii Pampan.
26. 望春玉兰（秦岭植物志） 图版34：1-10
Magnolia biondii Pampan. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. 17: 275. 1910, et in Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. Ser. 3. 16: 216. 1911; Dandy in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 16: 123. 1928; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 339.图288. 1974; 湖北植物志1: 424. 1976; 中国树木志1: 465. 1983.——M. conspicua Salisb. var. fargesii Finet et Gagnep. in Mem. Soc. Bot. France 4: 38. 1906. ——M. denudata Desr. var. fargesii Pampan. in Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. Ser. 3. 20: 200. 1915. ——M. aulacosperma Rehd. et Wils. in Sargent. Pl. Wils. I: 396. 1913; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 5: 145. 1924.——M. fargesi(Finet et Gagnep.) Cheng (郑万钧) , 中国植物学杂志1 (3): 296. 1934; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学286. 1937.
落叶乔木，高可达12米，胸径达1米；树皮淡灰色，光滑；小枝细长，灰绿色，直径3-4毫米，无毛；顶芽卵圆形或宽卵圆形，长1.7-3厘米，密被淡黄色展开长柔毛。叶椭圆状披针形、卵状披针形，狭倒卵或卵形长10-18厘米，宽3.5-6.5厘米，先端急尖，或短渐尖，基部阔楔形，或圆钝，边缘干膜质，下延至叶柄，上面暗绿色，下面浅绿色，初被平伏棉毛，后无毛；侧脉每边10-15条；叶柄长1-2厘米，托叶痕为叶柄长的1/5-1/3。花先叶开放，直径6-8厘米，芳香；花梗顶端膨大，长约1厘米，具3苞片脱落痕；花被9，外轮3片紫红色，近狭倒卵状条形，长约1厘米，中内两轮近匙形，白色，外面基部常紫红色，长4-5厘米，宽1.3-2.5厘米，内轮的较狭小；雄蕊长8-10毫米，花药长4-5毫米，花丝长3-4毫米，紫色；雌蕊群长1.5-2厘米。聚合果圆柱形，长8-14厘米，常因部分不育而扭曲；果梗长约1厘米，径约7毫米，残留长绢毛；蓇葖浅褐色，近圆形，侧扁，具凸起瘤点；种子心形，外种皮鲜红色，内种皮深黑色，顶端凹陷，具V形槽，中部凸起，腹部具深沟，末端短尖不明显。花期3月，果熟期9月。
产于陕西、甘肃、河南、湖北、四川等省。生于海拔600-2 100米的山林间。山东青岛有栽培。模式标本采自湖北。
花可提出浸膏作香精；本种为优良的庭园绿化树种。亦可作玉兰及其他同属种类的砧木。经考证，本种是中药辛夷的正品。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Yulania biondii (Pampanini) D. L. Fu J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 19: 198. 2001.
望春玉兰 wang chun yu lan
Magnolia biondii Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 17: 275. 1910; M. aulacosperma Rehder & E. H. Wilson; M. biondii var. axilliflora T. B. Chao et al.; M. biondii var. flava T. B. Chao et al.; M. biondii var. latitepala T. B. Chao & J. T. Gao ["tatitepala"]; M. biondii var. multialabastra T. B. Chao et al.; M. biondii var. ovata T. B. Chao & T. X. Zhang; M. biondii var. planities T. B. Chao & Y. Z. Qiao; M. conspicua Salisbury var. fargesii Finet & Gagnepain; M. denudata Desrousseaux var. fargesii (Finet & Gagnepain) Pampanini; M. fargesii (Finet & Gagnepain) W. C. Cheng; M. funiushanensis T. B. Chao et al.; M. funiushanensis var. purpurea T. B. Chao & J. T. Gao; Yulania biondii var. angustitepala D. L. Fu et al.
Trees, to 12 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Bark pale gray, smooth. Twigs grayish green, 3-4 mm in diam., glabrous; terminal buds ovoid to broadly ovoid, 1.7-3 cm, densely pale yellow opened villous. Stipular scar 1/5-1/3 as long as petiole. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, narrowly ovate, narrowly obovate, or ovate, 10-18 × 3.5-6.5 cm, abaxially light green and appressed lanate but later glabrescent, adaxially dark green, secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate to obtuse and decurrent on petiole, margin dry membranous, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Peduncle ca. 1 cm, with 3 bract scars, apically swollen. Flowers appearing before leaves, 6-8 cm in diam., fragrant. Tepals 9; outer 3 tepals sepaloid, purplish red, nearly narrowly obovate-linear, ca. 1 cm; tepals of middle and inner whorls white but usually outside purplish red at base, spoon-shaped, 4-5 × 1.3-2.5 cm; tepals of inner whorls smaller and narrower. Stamens 8-10 mm; filaments purple, 3-4 mm; anthers 4-5 mm. Gynoecium 1.5-2 cm. Fruiting peduncle ca. 1 × 0.7 cm, with residual long sericeous trichomes. Fruit cylindric, 8-14 cm, usually withered because of carpels partly undeveloped; mature carpels light brown, suborbicular, compressed laterally, tuberculate. Seeds cordate, with a V-shaped furrow prominent in middle, abaxially deeply furrowed, apically concave, apex inconspicuously acute; testa bright red; endotesta dark black. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep. 2n = 76*.
● Forests; 600-2100 m. Chongqing, SE Gansu, Henan, Hubei, N Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
This species is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally.This species is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally.
科名：木兰科 Magnoliaceae
属名：木兰属 Magnolia
26. 望春玉兰（秦岭植物志） 图版34：1-10
Magnolia biondii Pampan. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. 17: 275. 1910, et in Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. Ser. 3. 16: 216. 1911; Dandy in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 16: 123. 1928; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 339.图288. 1974; 湖北植物志1: 424. 1976; 中国树木志1: 465. 1983.——M. conspicua Salisb. var. fargesii Finet et Gagnep. in Mem. Soc. Bot. France 4: 38. 1906. ——M. denudata Desr. var. fargesii Pampan. in Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. Ser. 3. 20: 200. 1915. ——M. aulacosperma Rehd. et Wils. in Sargent. Pl. Wils. I: 396. 1913; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 5: 145. 1924.——M. fargesi(Finet et Gagnep.) Cheng (郑万钧) , 中国植物学杂志1 (3): 296. 1934; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学286. 1937.
落叶乔木，高可达12米，胸径达1米；树皮淡灰色，光滑；小枝细长，灰绿色，直径3-4毫米，无毛；顶芽卵圆形或宽卵圆形，长1.7-3厘米，密被淡黄色展开长柔毛。叶椭圆状披针形、卵状披针形，狭倒卵或卵形长10-18厘米，宽3.5-6.5厘米，先端急尖，或短渐尖，基部阔楔形，或圆钝，边缘干膜质，下延至叶柄，上面暗绿色，下面浅绿色，初被平伏棉毛，后无毛；侧脉每边10-15条；叶柄长1-2厘米，托叶痕为叶柄长的1/5-1/3。花先叶开放，直径6-8厘米，芳香；花梗顶端膨大，长约1厘米，具3苞片脱落痕；花被9，外轮3片紫红色，近狭倒卵状条形，长约1厘米，中内两轮近匙形，白色，外面基部常紫红色，长4-5厘米，宽1.3-2.5厘米，内轮的较狭小；雄蕊长8-10毫米，花药长4-5毫米，花丝长3-4毫米，紫色；雌蕊群长1.5-2厘米。聚合果圆柱形，长8-14厘米，常因部分不育而扭曲；果梗长约1厘米，径约7毫米，残留长绢毛；蓇葖浅褐色，近圆形，侧扁，具凸起瘤点；种子心形，外种皮鲜红色，内种皮深黑色，顶端凹陷，具V形槽，中部凸起，腹部具深沟，末端短尖不明显。花期3月，果熟期9月。
产于陕西、甘肃、河南、湖北、四川等省。生于海拔600-2 100米的山林间。山东青岛有栽培。模式标本采自湖北。
花可提出浸膏作香精；本种为优良的庭园绿化树种。亦可作玉兰及其他同属种类的砧木。经考证，本种是中药辛夷的正品。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Yulania biondii (Pampanini) D. L. Fu J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 19: 198. 2001.
望春玉兰 wang chun yu lan
Magnolia biondii Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 17: 275. 1910; M. aulacosperma Rehder & E. H. Wilson; M. biondii var. axilliflora T. B. Chao et al.; M. biondii var. flava T. B. Chao et al.; M. biondii var. latitepala T. B. Chao & J. T. Gao ["tatitepala"]; M. biondii var. multialabastra T. B. Chao et al.; M. biondii var. ovata T. B. Chao & T. X. Zhang; M. biondii var. planities T. B. Chao & Y. Z. Qiao; M. conspicua Salisbury var. fargesii Finet & Gagnepain; M. denudata Desrousseaux var. fargesii (Finet & Gagnepain) Pampanini; M. fargesii (Finet & Gagnepain) W. C. Cheng; M. funiushanensis T. B. Chao et al.; M. funiushanensis var. purpurea T. B. Chao & J. T. Gao; Yulania biondii var. angustitepala D. L. Fu et al.
Trees, to 12 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Bark pale gray, smooth. Twigs grayish green, 3-4 mm in diam., glabrous; terminal buds ovoid to broadly ovoid, 1.7-3 cm, densely pale yellow opened villous. Stipular scar 1/5-1/3 as long as petiole. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, narrowly ovate, narrowly obovate, or ovate, 10-18 × 3.5-6.5 cm, abaxially light green and appressed lanate but later glabrescent, adaxially dark green, secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate to obtuse and decurrent on petiole, margin dry membranous, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Peduncle ca. 1 cm, with 3 bract scars, apically swollen. Flowers appearing before leaves, 6-8 cm in diam., fragrant. Tepals 9; outer 3 tepals sepaloid, purplish red, nearly narrowly obovate-linear, ca. 1 cm; tepals of middle and inner whorls white but usually outside purplish red at base, spoon-shaped, 4-5 × 1.3-2.5 cm; tepals of inner whorls smaller and narrower. Stamens 8-10 mm; filaments purple, 3-4 mm; anthers 4-5 mm. Gynoecium 1.5-2 cm. Fruiting peduncle ca. 1 × 0.7 cm, with residual long sericeous trichomes. Fruit cylindric, 8-14 cm, usually withered because of carpels partly undeveloped; mature carpels light brown, suborbicular, compressed laterally, tuberculate. Seeds cordate, with a V-shaped furrow prominent in middle, abaxially deeply furrowed, apically concave, apex inconspicuously acute; testa bright red; endotesta dark black. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep. 2n = 76*.
● Forests; 600-2100 m. Chongqing, SE Gansu, Henan, Hubei, N Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
This species is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally.This species is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally.