野豇豆Vigna vexillata (Linn.) Rich.
野豇豆Vigna vexillata (Linn.) Rich.
5．野豇豆（江苏南部种子植物手册）山土瓜（植物名实图考），云南山土瓜（云南植物名录），山马豆根（昆明），云南野豇豆
Vigna vexillata (Linn.) Rich. Hist. Fis. Polit. Nat. I. Cuba (Spanish ed.) 11: 191. 1845; Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15(1): 194. t. 50: l (excl. nos. 5-9. 17 and 29) . 1859; Baker in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2:206. 1876: 江苏南部种子植物手册391, 图630. 1959; Verdc. in Kew Bull. 24:553. 1970; et in Gillett et al. Fl. Trop. E. Afr. Legum. Pap. (2):652. 1971.——Phaseolus vexillatus Linn. Sp. Pl. 724. 1753.——Vigna vexillata (Linn.) Rich. var. yunnanensis Franch. Pl. Delav. 183. 1890, syn. nov. e descr.——Vigna vexillata (Linn.) Rich. var. pluriflora Franch. l. c. syn. nov. e descr.
多年生攀援或蔓生草本。根纺锤形，木质；茎被开展的棕色刚毛，老时渐变为无毛。羽状复叶具3小叶；托叶卵形至卵状披针形，基着，长3-5毫米，基部心形或耳状，被缘毛；小叶膜质，形状变化较大，卵形至披针形，长4-9（-15）厘米，宽2-2.5厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部圆形或楔形，通常全缘，少数微具3裂片，两面被棕色或灰色柔毛；叶柄长1-11厘米；叶轴长0.4-3厘米；小叶柄长2-4毫米。花序腋生，有2-4朵生于花序轴顶部的花，使花序近伞形；总花梗长5-20厘米；小苞片钻状，长约3毫米，早落；花萼被棕色或白色刚毛，稀变无毛，萼管长5-7毫米，裂片线形或线状披针形，长2-5毫米，上方的2枚基部合生；旗瓣黄色、粉红或紫色，有时在基部内面具黄色或紫红斑点，长2-3.5厘米，宽2-4厘米，顶端凹缺，无毛，翼瓣紫色，基部稍淡，龙骨瓣白色或淡紫，镰状，喙部呈180°弯曲，左侧具明显的袋状附属物。荚果直立，线状圆柱形，长4-14厘米，宽2.5-4毫米，被刚毛；种子10-18颗，浅黄至黑色，无斑点或棕色至深红而有黑色之溅点，长圆形或长圆状肾形，长2-4.5毫米。花期7-9月。
产我国华东、华南至西南各省区。生于旷野、灌丛或疏林中。全球热带、亚热带地区广布。
本种的根或全株作草药，有清热解毒，消肿止痛，利咽喉的功效。因本种的根常非木质，在江苏、浙江地区偶有将其根蒸熟后充作人参，但并无人参的功效，应注意鉴别。
本种分布广，叶形、毛被等有较大的变异，Franchet 发表的2个变种，我们虽未见标本，但从其原始记载来看，和原变种并无大差别，故予以归并。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
Vigna vexillata (Linnaeus) A. Richard Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 10: 191. 1845.
野豇豆 ye jiang dou
Phaseolus vexillatus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 724. 1753; Vigna vexillata var. pluriflora Franchet; V. vexillata var. yunnanensis Franchet.
Perennial herbs, twining. Root woody, fusiform. Stems with spreading brown bristly hairs, glabrescent. Stipules ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 mm, cordate or auriculate at base, cili-ate; petiole 1-11 cm; leaflets membranous, variable in shape, ovate to lanceolate, 4-9(-15) × 2-5(-8) cm, brown or gray pu-bescent on both surfaces, base rounded to cuneate, margin en-tire, sometimes slightly 3-lobed, apex acute or acuminate. Ra-cemes axillary, 2-6-flowered, subumbellate; peduncles 5-20 cm. Bracteoles subulate, ca. 3 mm, caducous. Calyx with brown or white bristly hairs, rarely glabrescent; tube 5-7 mm; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-5 mm, upper 2 connate at base. Standard pink, purple, or partly yellow, sometimes with yellow or purple spots inside at base, 2-3.5 × 2-4 cm, emarginate; keel whitish or purplish, falcate, with beak incurved through 180°. Legumes erect, linear-terete, 4-14 cm × 2.5-4 mm, bristly. Seeds 10-18, yellowish, black, or brown to scarlet with black spots, oblong or oblong-reniform, 2-4.5 mm. Fl. Jul-Sep.
Thickets, open forests. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guang-xi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions].
This species is used medicinally.This species is used medicinally.
别名：长虹柄山蚂蝗;长果梗山蚂蝗;
科名：豆科 Leguminosae
属名：豇豆属 Vigna
5．野豇豆（江苏南部种子植物手册）山土瓜（植物名实图考），云南山土瓜（云南植物名录），山马豆根（昆明），云南野豇豆
Vigna vexillata (Linn.) Rich. Hist. Fis. Polit. Nat. I. Cuba (Spanish ed.) 11: 191. 1845; Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15(1): 194. t. 50: l (excl. nos. 5-9. 17 and 29) . 1859; Baker in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2:206. 1876: 江苏南部种子植物手册391, 图630. 1959; Verdc. in Kew Bull. 24:553. 1970; et in Gillett et al. Fl. Trop. E. Afr. Legum. Pap. (2):652. 1971.——Phaseolus vexillatus Linn. Sp. Pl. 724. 1753.——Vigna vexillata (Linn.) Rich. var. yunnanensis Franch. Pl. Delav. 183. 1890, syn. nov. e descr.——Vigna vexillata (Linn.) Rich. var. pluriflora Franch. l. c. syn. nov. e descr.
多年生攀援或蔓生草本。根纺锤形，木质；茎被开展的棕色刚毛，老时渐变为无毛。羽状复叶具3小叶；托叶卵形至卵状披针形，基着，长3-5毫米，基部心形或耳状，被缘毛；小叶膜质，形状变化较大，卵形至披针形，长4-9（-15）厘米，宽2-2.5厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部圆形或楔形，通常全缘，少数微具3裂片，两面被棕色或灰色柔毛；叶柄长1-11厘米；叶轴长0.4-3厘米；小叶柄长2-4毫米。花序腋生，有2-4朵生于花序轴顶部的花，使花序近伞形；总花梗长5-20厘米；小苞片钻状，长约3毫米，早落；花萼被棕色或白色刚毛，稀变无毛，萼管长5-7毫米，裂片线形或线状披针形，长2-5毫米，上方的2枚基部合生；旗瓣黄色、粉红或紫色，有时在基部内面具黄色或紫红斑点，长2-3.5厘米，宽2-4厘米，顶端凹缺，无毛，翼瓣紫色，基部稍淡，龙骨瓣白色或淡紫，镰状，喙部呈180°弯曲，左侧具明显的袋状附属物。荚果直立，线状圆柱形，长4-14厘米，宽2.5-4毫米，被刚毛；种子10-18颗，浅黄至黑色，无斑点或棕色至深红而有黑色之溅点，长圆形或长圆状肾形，长2-4.5毫米。花期7-9月。
产我国华东、华南至西南各省区。生于旷野、灌丛或疏林中。全球热带、亚热带地区广布。
本种的根或全株作草药，有清热解毒，消肿止痛，利咽喉的功效。因本种的根常非木质，在江苏、浙江地区偶有将其根蒸熟后充作人参，但并无人参的功效，应注意鉴别。
本种分布广，叶形、毛被等有较大的变异，Franchet 发表的2个变种，我们虽未见标本，但从其原始记载来看，和原变种并无大差别，故予以归并。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
Vigna vexillata (Linnaeus) A. Richard Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 10: 191. 1845.
野豇豆 ye jiang dou
Phaseolus vexillatus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 724. 1753; Vigna vexillata var. pluriflora Franchet; V. vexillata var. yunnanensis Franchet.
Perennial herbs, twining. Root woody, fusiform. Stems with spreading brown bristly hairs, glabrescent. Stipules ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 mm, cordate or auriculate at base, cili-ate; petiole 1-11 cm; leaflets membranous, variable in shape, ovate to lanceolate, 4-9(-15) × 2-5(-8) cm, brown or gray pu-bescent on both surfaces, base rounded to cuneate, margin en-tire, sometimes slightly 3-lobed, apex acute or acuminate. Ra-cemes axillary, 2-6-flowered, subumbellate; peduncles 5-20 cm. Bracteoles subulate, ca. 3 mm, caducous. Calyx with brown or white bristly hairs, rarely glabrescent; tube 5-7 mm; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-5 mm, upper 2 connate at base. Standard pink, purple, or partly yellow, sometimes with yellow or purple spots inside at base, 2-3.5 × 2-4 cm, emarginate; keel whitish or purplish, falcate, with beak incurved through 180°. Legumes erect, linear-terete, 4-14 cm × 2.5-4 mm, bristly. Seeds 10-18, yellowish, black, or brown to scarlet with black spots, oblong or oblong-reniform, 2-4.5 mm. Fl. Jul-Sep.
Thickets, open forests. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guang-xi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions].
This species is used medicinally.This species is used medicinally.