栏目

绿豆Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek

绿豆Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek

别名:mung bean;

科名:豆科 Leguminosae

属名:豇豆属 Vigna

《中国植物志》第41卷284页
  8.绿豆(开宝本草)
  Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek in Fl. Congo Belge 6: 386. 1954; Verdc. in Kew Bull. 24:558. 1970; et in Gillett et al. Fl. Trop. E. Afr. Legum. Pap. (2): 655. 1971.——Phaseolus radiatus Linn. Sp. Pl. 725. 1753; Prain in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 66: 422. 1898; Huang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 103. 1965;海南植物志 2: 324. 1965.——P. aureus Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey. 3: 297. 1832; Piper in U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 119: 16. 1914; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 5: 84. 1940.——Azukia radiata (Linn.) Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 691. 1953, et in Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 77. 1953.——Rudua aurea (Roxb.) Maekawa in Journ. Jap. Bot. 15: 114. 1955.——Phaseolus mungo auct. non Linn.: auct. mult.——Vigna mungo auct. non (Linn.) Hepper: Hepper, Fl. W. Trop. Afr. ed. 2, 1:569. 1958.
  一年生直立草本,高20-60厘米。茎被褐色长硬毛。羽状复叶具3小叶;托叶盾状着生,卵形,长0.8-1.2厘米,具缘毛;小托叶显著,披针形;小叶卵形,长5-16厘米,宽3-12厘米,侧生的多少偏斜,全缘,先端渐尖,基部阔楔形或浑圆,两面多少被疏长毛,基部三脉明显;叶柄长5-21厘米;叶轴长1.5-4厘米;小叶柄长3-6毫米。总状花序腋生,有花4至数朵,最多可达25朵;总花梗长2.5-9.5厘米;花梗长2-3毫米;小苞片线状披针形或长圆形,长4-7毫米,有线条,近宿存;萼管无毛,长3-4毫米,裂片狭三角形,长1.5-4毫米,具缘毛,上方的一对合生成一先端2裂的裂片;旗瓣近方形,长1.2厘米,宽1.6厘米,外面黄绿色,里面有时粉红,顶端微凹,内弯,无毛;翼瓣卵形,黄色;龙骨瓣镰刀状,绿色而染粉红,右侧有显著的囊。荚果线状圆柱形,平展,长4-9厘米,宽5-6毫米,被淡褐色、散生的长硬毛,种子间多少收缩;种子8-14颗,淡绿色或黄褐色,短圆柱形,长2.5-4毫米,宽2.5-3毫米,种脐白色而不凹陷。花期初夏,果期6-8月。
  我国南北各地均有栽培。世界各热带、亚热带地区广泛栽培。
  种子供食用,亦可提取淀粉,制作豆沙、粉丝等。洗净置流水中,遮光发芽,可制成芽菜,供蔬食。入药,有清凉解毒、利尿明目之效。全株是很好的夏季绿肥。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
Vigna radiata  (Linnaeus) R. Wilczek Fl. Congo Belge. 6: 386. 1954.
绿豆   lü dou
Annual herbs, erect, twining, or creeping, 20-60 cm tall. Stems hispid with brown spreading hairs. Stipules peltate, ovate, 0.8-1.2 cm, ciliate; petiole 5-21 cm; leaflets ovate, 5-16 × 3-12 cm, lateral ones ± oblique, ± sparsely pilose on both sur-faces, sometimes 3-veined from base, base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex acuminate or acute. Racemes axillary, 4- to sev-eral flowered (up to 25). Bracteoles linear-lanceolate or oblong, striate. Calyx tube 3-4 mm, glabrous; lobes narrowly deltoid, 1.5-4 mm, upper 2 connate into a 2-fid lip. Standard yellow-green outside, sometimes pink inside, suboblate, ca. 1.2 × 1.6 cm, apex emarginate; wings yellow, ovate; keel falcate and in-curved through 180°, green tinged with pink. Legumes linear-terete, 4-9 × ca. 0.6 cm, shortly hispid with pale brown hairs. Seeds 8-14, greenish or yellow-brown, shortly cylindric, 2.5-4 × 2.5-3 mm; hilum white. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Sep.
Open wastelands, roadsides, thicket margins, also cultivated; ca. 500 m. Taiwan; cultivated throughout China [Cambodia, India, Indo-nesia, Laos, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa; widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions].
The seeds are edible and are used medicinally.The seeds are edible and are used medicinally.

《全国中草药汇编》:绿豆


【拼音名】 Lǜ Dòu
【来源】 豆科菜豆属植物绿豆Phaseolus radiatus L.,以种子入药。
【性味】 甘,寒。
【归经】 入心、胃经。
【功能主治】 清热解毒,消暑。用于暑热烦渴,疮毒痈肿等症。可解附子、巴豆毒。
【用法用量】 0.5~1两,大剂量可用4两,煎服。
【备注】 (1)解附子、巴豆毒,可用绿豆四两、生甘草二两,煎汁候冷,频频饮服。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
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