栏目

铃铛刺Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss

铃铛刺Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss

别名:盐豆木

科名:豆科 Leguminosae

属名:铃铛刺属 Halimodendron

《中国植物志》第42(1)卷012页
  1. 铃铛刺(新疆) 盐豆木、耐碱树(中国主要植物图说·豆科)
  Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss in Vilm. Ill. Blumeng. 3. Aufl. 215. 1896; Gorshk. in Kom. Fl. USSR 11: 323. t. 20 (2). 1945; 中国主要植物图说·豆科 313. 图310. 1955; 中国沙漠植物志 2: 199. 图版69 (13-17). 1987.——Robinia halodendron Pall. Reise Russ. Reich. 2: Auh. 741. 1770. ——Halimodendron argenteum DC. Prodr. 2: 269. 1825.
形态特征:灌木,高1—3m,全株光滑无毛。老枝灰褐色。偶数羽状复叶,托叶针刺状,叶轴硬化成刺,宿存,长1一l.5cm,小叶2—6,倒披针形,长1—1.5cm,宽3—8mm,先端圆钝,具小尖头,基部楔形,两面无毛。总状花序,具花2—4朵,总花梗长1.4—4cm,花梗长3—4mm;萼筒钟状,萼齿5,宽三角形;花冠蝶形,淡紫色,旗瓣宽卵形,长15mm,翼瓣矩圆形,与旗瓣近等长,龙骨瓣长约13mm,子房无毛,具柄。荚果,矩圆状倒卵形, 革质,膨胀,长1.5—2.5cm,宽8—12mm,果柄长为萼筒的2倍,沿背缝线和腹缝线凹入。种子多数,肾形。花期5—6月,果期6—7月(图65)。
地理分布:集中分布于新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠和内蒙古巴丹吉林沙漠和甘肃民勤等地,国外原苏联,蒙古也有。
生态特征:抗旱抗盐性很强的灌木。适生于荒漠河,湖岸边的盐化草甸和草甸盐土长。降雨量在130mm以下的干热荒漠区及地下水浅的地方均可生长。常与芦苇(Phragmitesaustralis)、赖草(Leymussecalinus),柽柳(TamarixSPP.)等组咙群落,在水土条件较好的地方有时出现纯丛景观,多刺的枝叶使 人难于进入。果实成熟后种子在荚果中随风发出响声,故名铃铛刺。
饲用价值:系含高蛋白质放牧用豆科植物,是荒漠牲击骆驼和羊的喜食牧草。该草的群落每公顷产干草量约945kg。据分析,铃铛刺含微量元素钾占总灰分的29.85%,含镍达56.6ppm,是同生境植物中含量最高的。同时,也是一。种良好的蜜源物,也可用于庭园绿化和作绿篱供观赏。其化学成分见表65。从表65可以看出,除蛋白质含量较高外,粗纤维含量是不高的,钙和磷的比例也接近平衡(一般认为钙磷比为1—2:1是平衡的)。植

《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
Halimodendron halodendron  (Pallas) Druce Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles. 4: 626. 1917.
铃铛刺   ling dang ci
Robinia halodendron Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 2: 741. 1773; Caragana argentea Lamarck, nom. illeg. superfl.; C. halodendron (Pallas) Dumont de Courset; Halimodendron argenteum Candolle, nom. illeg. superfl.; H. argenteum var. albiflorum Karelin & Kirilov; H. halodendron var. albiflorum (Karelin & Kirilov) Prjachin.
Shrubs, 0.5-2 m tall. Bark dark grayish brown. Branches many, vegetative and reproductive; reproductive branches brown to grayish yellow, sulcate, glabrous; young branches with dense white appressed trichomes. Rachis and petiole persistent, spine-shaped; petiole and petiolules very short; leaflet blades oblanceolate, 1.2-3 × 0.6-1 cm, with dense silvery white tri-chomes at first, glabrescent, base cuneate, apex rounded or emarginate. Racemes 2-5-flowered; peduncle 1.5-3 cm, densely sericeous. Flowers 1-1.6 cm; pedicel 5-7 mm; bracteoles sub-ulate, ca. 1 mm. Calyx 5-6 mm, with dense appressed tri-chomes, base oblique; teeth triangular. Corolla pale purple or purplish red; standard slightly reflexed at margins, ± as long as wings; wings slightly longer than keel. Ovary glabrous, long stipitate. Legume flattened, 1.5-2.5 × 0.5-1.2 cm, dorsal and ventral line impressed, without septa, apex with a short beak. Seeds reniform. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug. 2n = 16.
Saline sand, saline soils along rivers, forests. Gansu, Nei Mon-gol, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].

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