紫云英Astragalus sinicus Linn.

别名：Chinese milk-vetch;红花菜;摇车;野蚕豆;野花生;野豌豆;紫花草;翘摇车;水皂角;花菜;草沙苑;灯笼花;红花豆枝;荷花朗;红花草;翘摇;红花浪;花草;米伞花;莲花草;米筛花草;牛屎花;螃蟹花;翘翘花;铁马豆;荷花郎;草籽;蒺藜子;斑鸠花;野蠶豆;野鸭草;小巢菜;马笃子;老鸦爪;红花郎;马苕子;翅摇车;苕子菜;草子;苕;苕子;苕翘;翅遥;老娃爪;黄花马豆;沙碗子;翘摇牛;羊儿花;米布袋;沙蒺藜;苕菜;

科名：豆科 Leguminosae

属名：黄耆属 Astragalus

《中国植物志》第42(1)卷199页
  125. 紫云英（芥子园画传） 图版50：10-18
  Astragalus sinicus Linn. Mant. 1: 103. 1767; Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. VII. 15 (1): 2. 1869; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 553. 1933; Pet. -Stib. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 12: 40. 1937-1938; 中国主要植物图说·豆科398. 图388. 1955; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 422. 图2574. 1972; 台湾植物志3: 175. 1977. ——A. sinicus Linn. var. macrocolyx Ulbr. in Bot. Jabrb. 36 (Beibl. 82): 60. 1905.——A. nokoensis Smaki in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Form. 21: 151. 1931.——A. nankotaizanensis Sasaki, op. cit. 21: 152.
  二年生草本，多分枝，匍匐，高10-30厘米，被白色疏柔毛。奇数羽状复叶，具7-13片小叶，长5-15厘米；叶柄较叶轴短；托叶离生，卵形，长3-6毫米，先端尖，基部互相多少合生，具缘毛；小叶倒卵形或椭圆形，长10-15毫米，宽4-10毫米，先端钝圆或微凹，基部宽楔形，上面近无毛，下面散生白色柔毛，具短柄。总状花序生5-10花，呈伞形；总花梗腋生，较叶长；苞片三角状卵形，长约0.5毫米；花梗短；花萼钟状，长约4毫米，被白色柔毛，萼齿披针形，长约为萼筒的1/2；花冠紫红色或橙黄色，旗瓣倒卵形，长10-11毫米，先端微凹，基部渐狭成瓣柄，翼瓣较旗瓣短，长约8毫米，瓣片长圆形，基部具短耳，瓣柄长约为瓣片的1/2，龙骨瓣与旗瓣近等长，瓣片半圆形，瓣柄长约等于瓣片的1/3；子房无毛或疏被白色短柔毛，具短柄。荚果线状长圆形，稍弯曲，长12-20毫米，宽约4毫米，具短喙，黑色，具隆起的网纹；种子肾形，栗褐色，长约3毫米。花期2-6月，果期3-7月。
  产长江流域各省区。生于海拔400-3000米间的山坡、溪边及潮湿处。现我国各地多栽培，为重要的绿肥作物和牲畜饲料，嫩梢亦供蔬食。模式标本采自浙江宁波。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
200. Astragalus sinicus Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 1: 103. 1767.
紫云英 zi yun ying Astragalus lotoides Pallas; A. sinicus var. macrocalyx Ulbrich.
Plants annual or short-lived perennial, sparsely covered with appressed white hairs 0.1-0.6 mm. Stems intricately branched, ascending to nearly erect or prostrate to creeping, with long internodes, up to 30 cm, sparsely hairy to subgla-brous, rooting at nodes. Leaves 2.5-10 cm; stipules 2-3 mm, free, ciliate; petiole much shorter than to as long as rest of leaf, like rachis sparsely hairy; leaflets in 3-5 pairs, obovate to ob-cordate, 5-17 × 3-13 mm, abaxially sparsely appressed hairy, adaxially glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, apex widely rounded to distinctly emarginate. Racemes umbellate, 4-10-flowered; peduncle erect, 2.5-25 cm, sparsely hairy; bracts 0.3-1 mm, ciliate. Calyx 3-5 mm, loosely to rather densely or more rarely scarcely covered with appressed, wide and flattened, white hairs 0.1-0.3 mm; teeth 1-2(-3) mm. Petals white, pink, light red, or purple, rarely creamy yellow or yellow; standard ovate, 9-14 × 5-8 mm, apex incised; wings 7-11 mm; keel 9-14 mm. Legumes with a stipe 2-3 mm, 12-20 mm, 2.5-3.5 mm high and wide, with a slender beak up to 5 mm; valves thin, blackish, loosely hairy.Wet places, riversides, as a weed in rice fields, widespread in E Asia; 100-3000 m. Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, He-bei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhe-jiang [Japan].