中华锥花Gomphostemma chinense Oliv.
中华锥花Gomphostemma chinense Oliv.
14．中华锥花
Gomphostemma chinense Oliv. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 15: 54, t. 1468. 1884; Hance in Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 25: 12. 1887; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 306. 1890, p. p. excl. specim. Hainan.; Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3: 267. 1891; Dunn & Tutch. in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 212. 1912; Dunn in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 190. 1915; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 275. 1929; Doan in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 4: 1034. 1936.
形态特征：草本；根木质；根茎粗厚，木质，自其上抽出1—2茎。茎直立，高24—80厘米，上部钝四棱形，具槽，下部近木质，几圆柱形，密被星状绒毛。叶椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，长4--13厘米，宽2—7厘米，先端钝，基部钝至圆形，边缘具大小不等的粗齿或几全缘，草质，上面灰橄榄绿色，密被星状柔毛及极疏的贴生短硬毛，下面灰白色，密被星状绒毛；叶柄长2—6厘米，腹凹背凸，密被星状绒毛。花序为由聚伞花序组成的圆锥花序或为单生的聚伞花序，对生，生于茎的基部，具4至多花，连总梗在内长2．5—10厘米；总梗短，最长的约2．2厘米；苞片椭圆形至披针形，长11—16毫米，宽5—7毫米，上面无毛，下面被星状短毛，边缘在中部以上有粗锯齿或全缘，小苞片线形，其长一般不超过苞片。花萼花时狭钟形，长12—13毫米，宽5—6毫米，外面密被灰白色星状短绒毛，内面除在萼齿密被星状短绒毛外，余部极疏生短硬毛或近无毛，萼齿披针形至狭披针形，先端长渐尖，长6—7毫米。花冠浅黄色至白色，长约5．2厘米，外面疏被微柔毛，内面无毛，冠筒基部宽约3毫米，在上部1／3突然扩展，至喉部宽达9毫米，冠檐二唇形，上唇直立，长约6毫米，宽约8毫米，先端圆形，微凹，稍向上，下唇长10—14毫米，宽13—19毫米，3裂，中裂片倒卵状近圆形，长7—8毫米，宽6—7毫米，边缘为不规则的波状，侧裂片卵圆形，长宽约5毫米。雄蕊与上唇近等长，花丝扁平，边缘具微柔毛。花柱不超出雄蕊，纤细，自2／3处略粗，先端不相等2浅裂。小坚果4枚均成熟，倒卵状三棱形，长约4毫米，直径约2．8毫米，褐色，具小突起。花期7—8月，果熟期10—12月。
产地分布：产福建，江西，广东，广西；生于山谷湿地密林下，海拔460—650米。越南北部也有。等模式标本采自福建厦门、广东的罗浮山及东江。
参考文献：GomphostemmachinenseOliv．inHook．Icon．Pl15：54，t.1468．1884；HanceinJourn．Bot．Brit．&For．25：12．1887；Hemsl．inJourn．Linn．Soc．Bot．26：306．1890，P．P．excl．specim．Hainan．；PraininAnn．Bot．Gard．Calcutta3：267，1891;Dunn&Tutch．inKewBull．Add．Ser．10：212．19125DunninNotesBot．Gard．Edinburgh6：190．19151KudoinMem．Fac．Sci．Agr．TaihokuUniv．2：275．1929；DoaninLecte．FlGen．Indo—Chine4：1034．1936．
本系概述：Ser．PeclunculataPraininAnn．Bot，Garcl．Calcutta3：265．1891．花序为由聚伞花序组成的穗状圆锥花序或圆锥花序，通常生子茎的基部或沿着无叶的茎向上分布，有时也生于上部的叶腋内，稀为单生的聚伞花序，花萼具不明显的肋，筒内近无毛，萼齿内多少被毛；子房具小疣或光滑。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 17 (1994)
Gomphostemma chinense Oliver
中华锥花 zhong hua zhui hua
Herbs rhizomatous. Stems 24-80 cm tall, densely stellate tomentose. Petiole 2-6 cm, concave-convex, densely stellate tomentose; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 4-13 × 2-7 cm, herbaceous, adaxially stellate villous and sparsely appressed hispidulous, abaxially dense gray stellate tomentose, base obtuse to rounded, margin irregularly coarse serrate to subentire, apex obtuse. Cyme inserted at stem base or leaf axils, 4- to many flowered, 2.5-10 cm; peduncle to ca. 2.2 cm; bracts elliptic to lanceolate, 11-16 × 5-7 mm, margin coarsely serrate or entire on apical half; bracteoles linear, shorter than bracts. Calyx narrowly campanulate in flower, 12-13 × 5-6 mm, densely gray stellate tomentose outside, sparsely hirtellous or subglabrous inside except on teeth; teeth lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 6-7 mm, apically acuminate. Corolla yellowish to white, ca. 5.2 cm, sparsely puberulent outside, glabrous inside; tube ca. 3 mm wide, abruptly dilated from apical 1/3 to 9 mm wide at throat; upper lip erect, ca. 6 × 8 mm, apex rounded and emarginate; lower lip 1-1.4 × 1.3-1.9 cm, middle lobe obovate-subcircular, 7-8 × 6-7 mm; lateral lobes ovate, ca. 5 × 5 mm. Stamens almost as long as upper lip of corolla; filaments complanate, margin puberulent. Style shorter than stamens, slightly thicker on apical 2/3, apically unequally 2-cleft. Nutlets 4 per flower at maturity, obovoid, triquetrous, ca. 4 × 2.8 mm, brown, bullate, hairy. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Oct-Dec.
Moist, densely forested valleys; 500-700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi [Vietnam]
别名：中华椎花;山继谷;茎花锥花;老虎耳;棒红花;
科名：唇形科 Labiatae
属名：锥花属 Gomphostemma
14．中华锥花
Gomphostemma chinense Oliv. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 15: 54, t. 1468. 1884; Hance in Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 25: 12. 1887; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 306. 1890, p. p. excl. specim. Hainan.; Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3: 267. 1891; Dunn & Tutch. in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 212. 1912; Dunn in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 190. 1915; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 275. 1929; Doan in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 4: 1034. 1936.
形态特征：草本；根木质；根茎粗厚，木质，自其上抽出1—2茎。茎直立，高24—80厘米，上部钝四棱形，具槽，下部近木质，几圆柱形，密被星状绒毛。叶椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，长4--13厘米，宽2—7厘米，先端钝，基部钝至圆形，边缘具大小不等的粗齿或几全缘，草质，上面灰橄榄绿色，密被星状柔毛及极疏的贴生短硬毛，下面灰白色，密被星状绒毛；叶柄长2—6厘米，腹凹背凸，密被星状绒毛。花序为由聚伞花序组成的圆锥花序或为单生的聚伞花序，对生，生于茎的基部，具4至多花，连总梗在内长2．5—10厘米；总梗短，最长的约2．2厘米；苞片椭圆形至披针形，长11—16毫米，宽5—7毫米，上面无毛，下面被星状短毛，边缘在中部以上有粗锯齿或全缘，小苞片线形，其长一般不超过苞片。花萼花时狭钟形，长12—13毫米，宽5—6毫米，外面密被灰白色星状短绒毛，内面除在萼齿密被星状短绒毛外，余部极疏生短硬毛或近无毛，萼齿披针形至狭披针形，先端长渐尖，长6—7毫米。花冠浅黄色至白色，长约5．2厘米，外面疏被微柔毛，内面无毛，冠筒基部宽约3毫米，在上部1／3突然扩展，至喉部宽达9毫米，冠檐二唇形，上唇直立，长约6毫米，宽约8毫米，先端圆形，微凹，稍向上，下唇长10—14毫米，宽13—19毫米，3裂，中裂片倒卵状近圆形，长7—8毫米，宽6—7毫米，边缘为不规则的波状，侧裂片卵圆形，长宽约5毫米。雄蕊与上唇近等长，花丝扁平，边缘具微柔毛。花柱不超出雄蕊，纤细，自2／3处略粗，先端不相等2浅裂。小坚果4枚均成熟，倒卵状三棱形，长约4毫米，直径约2．8毫米，褐色，具小突起。花期7—8月，果熟期10—12月。
产地分布：产福建，江西，广东，广西；生于山谷湿地密林下，海拔460—650米。越南北部也有。等模式标本采自福建厦门、广东的罗浮山及东江。
参考文献：GomphostemmachinenseOliv．inHook．Icon．Pl15：54，t.1468．1884；HanceinJourn．Bot．Brit．&For．25：12．1887；Hemsl．inJourn．Linn．Soc．Bot．26：306．1890，P．P．excl．specim．Hainan．；PraininAnn．Bot．Gard．Calcutta3：267，1891;Dunn&Tutch．inKewBull．Add．Ser．10：212．19125DunninNotesBot．Gard．Edinburgh6：190．19151KudoinMem．Fac．Sci．Agr．TaihokuUniv．2：275．1929；DoaninLecte．FlGen．Indo—Chine4：1034．1936．
本系概述：Ser．PeclunculataPraininAnn．Bot，Garcl．Calcutta3：265．1891．花序为由聚伞花序组成的穗状圆锥花序或圆锥花序，通常生子茎的基部或沿着无叶的茎向上分布，有时也生于上部的叶腋内，稀为单生的聚伞花序，花萼具不明显的肋，筒内近无毛，萼齿内多少被毛；子房具小疣或光滑。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 17 (1994)
Gomphostemma chinense Oliver
中华锥花 zhong hua zhui hua
Herbs rhizomatous. Stems 24-80 cm tall, densely stellate tomentose. Petiole 2-6 cm, concave-convex, densely stellate tomentose; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 4-13 × 2-7 cm, herbaceous, adaxially stellate villous and sparsely appressed hispidulous, abaxially dense gray stellate tomentose, base obtuse to rounded, margin irregularly coarse serrate to subentire, apex obtuse. Cyme inserted at stem base or leaf axils, 4- to many flowered, 2.5-10 cm; peduncle to ca. 2.2 cm; bracts elliptic to lanceolate, 11-16 × 5-7 mm, margin coarsely serrate or entire on apical half; bracteoles linear, shorter than bracts. Calyx narrowly campanulate in flower, 12-13 × 5-6 mm, densely gray stellate tomentose outside, sparsely hirtellous or subglabrous inside except on teeth; teeth lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 6-7 mm, apically acuminate. Corolla yellowish to white, ca. 5.2 cm, sparsely puberulent outside, glabrous inside; tube ca. 3 mm wide, abruptly dilated from apical 1/3 to 9 mm wide at throat; upper lip erect, ca. 6 × 8 mm, apex rounded and emarginate; lower lip 1-1.4 × 1.3-1.9 cm, middle lobe obovate-subcircular, 7-8 × 6-7 mm; lateral lobes ovate, ca. 5 × 5 mm. Stamens almost as long as upper lip of corolla; filaments complanate, margin puberulent. Style shorter than stamens, slightly thicker on apical 2/3, apically unequally 2-cleft. Nutlets 4 per flower at maturity, obovoid, triquetrous, ca. 4 × 2.8 mm, brown, bullate, hairy. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Oct-Dec.
Moist, densely forested valleys; 500-700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi [Vietnam]