鼬瓣花Galeopsis bifida Boenn.
鼬瓣花Galeopsis bifida Boenn.
1. 鼬瓣花 野芝麻（四川金汤），野苏子（黑龙江）图版94
Galeopsis bifida Boenn. Fl. Monast. Prodr. 178. 1824; Hao in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 60: 635. 1938; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh 379. 1939——Galeopsis tetrahit Linn var, a. parviflora Benth、in DC. Prodr. 12: 498. 1848; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 9: 220. 1859; Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. 10 (1): 35. 1861——Galeopsis bifida Boenn. var. emarpinata Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 35: 173. 1921; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 379. 1939——Galeopsis tetrahit Linn. var. bifida Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 205. 1929——Galeopsis tetrahit auct. non Linn.: Korsh. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 12: 379. 1892; Brig. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 1: 390. 1893; Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 363. 1901; Dunn in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 181. 1915; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 205: 1929; Marquand in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 48: 218. 1929; Rehd. et Kobuski in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: 31. 1933; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 923. 1936; Kitagawa, Linearn. Fl. Mansh. 379. 1939; Walkez in U. S. Nat. Herb. 28: 656. 1941.
草本。茎直立，通常高20-60厘米，有时可达1米，多少分枝，粗壮，钝四棱形，具槽，在节上加粗但在干时则明显收缢，此处密被多节长刚毛，节间其余部分混生下向具节长刚毛及贴生的短柔毛，在茎上部间或尚混杂腺毛。茎叶卵圆状披针形或披针形，通常长3-8.5厘米，宽1.5-4厘米，先端锐尖或渐尖，基部渐狭至宽楔形，边缘有规则的圆齿状锯齿，上面贴生具节刚毛，下而疏生微柔毛，间夹有腺点，侧脉6-8对，上面不明显，下面突出；叶柄长1-2.5厘米，腹平背凸，被短柔毛。轮伞花序腋生，多花密集；小苞片线形至披针形，长3-6毫米，基部稍膜质，先端刺尖，边缘有刚毛。花萼管状钟形，连齿长约1厘米，外面有平伸的刚毛，内面被微柔毛，齿5，近等大，长约5毫米，与萼筒近等长，长三角形，先端为长刺状。花冠白、黄或粉紫红色，长约1.4厘米，冠筒漏斗状，喉部增大，长8毫米，冠檐二唇形，上唇卵圆形，先端钝，具不等的数齿，外被刚毛，下唇3裂，中裂片长圆形，宽度与侧裂片近相等，约2毫米宽，先端明显微凹，紫纹直达边缘，基部略收缩，侧裂片长圆形，全缘。雄蕊4，均延伸至上唇片之下，花丝丝状，下部被小疏毛，花药卵圆形，2室，二瓣横裂，内瓣较小，具纤毛。花柱先端近相等2裂。花盘前方呈指状增大。子房无毛，褐色。小坚果倒卵状三棱形，褐色，有秕鳞。花期7-9月，果期9月。
产黑龙江，吉林，内蒙古，山西，陕西，甘肃，青海，湖北西部，四川西部，贵州西北部，云南西北部及东北部，西藏等地；为一欧亚广布的杂草，生于林缘、路旁、田边、灌丛、草地等空旷处，在我国西南山区，可生长至海拔4000米。斯堪的纳维亚半岛南部，中欧各国，苏联，蒙古，朝鲜，日本以及北美也有。模式标本采自西德。
据报道种子富含脂肪油，含油率40.0-50.1%，油的比重（150°C）0.9368，折射率（200°C）1.4794，碱化值194.2-195.4，碘值131.1-159.8-161.0，酸值2.3-4.0,适于工业用。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 17 (1994)
Galeopsis bifida Boenninghausen
鼬瓣花 you ban hua
Galeopsis bifida var. emarginata Nakai; G. tetrahit Linnaeus var. bifida (Boenninghausen) Kudo; G. tetrahit var. parviflora Bentham.
Stems erect, 20-60(-100) cm tall, robust; nodes enlarged when fresh, shrivelled when dry, bristly; internodes bristly, appressed pubescent, apically sometimes also glandular pubescent. Petiole 1-2.5 cm, pubescent; stem leaf blades ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3-8.5 × 1.5-4 cm, adaxially appressed bristly, abaxially sparsely puberulent, glandular, base attenuate to broadly cuneate, margin crenate-serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Verticillasters solitary, crowded; bracts linear to lanceolate, 3-6 mm, base ± membranous, margin bristly, apex spinescent. Calyx ca. 1 cm, spreading bristly outside, puberulent inside; teeth subequal, almost as long as tube, narrowly triangular, apex long spinescent. Corolla white and/or yellow, rarely purplish red, ca. 1.4 cm, tube ca. 8 mm; upper lip obtuse, margin denticulate, bristly; middle lobe of lower lip oblong, ca. 2 mm wide, emarginate, purple spotted to margin, slightly constricted at base; lateral lobes oblong, entire, slightly wider than middle lobe. Filaments pubescent toward base. Nutlets brown, obovoid, triquetrous, scaly. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep.
Forest margins, roadsides, field margins, grasslands, waste areas, open thickets; 0-4000 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe, North America].
A widespread weed.
别名：splitlip hempnettle;套心朝格;裂唇鼬瓣花;裂边鼬瓣花;野芝麻;野苏子;套日朝格;黑苏子;
科名：唇形科 Labiatae
属名：鼬瓣花属 Galeopsis
1. 鼬瓣花 野芝麻（四川金汤），野苏子（黑龙江）图版94
Galeopsis bifida Boenn. Fl. Monast. Prodr. 178. 1824; Hao in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 60: 635. 1938; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh 379. 1939——Galeopsis tetrahit Linn var, a. parviflora Benth、in DC. Prodr. 12: 498. 1848; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 9: 220. 1859; Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. 10 (1): 35. 1861——Galeopsis bifida Boenn. var. emarpinata Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 35: 173. 1921; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 379. 1939——Galeopsis tetrahit Linn. var. bifida Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 205. 1929——Galeopsis tetrahit auct. non Linn.: Korsh. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 12: 379. 1892; Brig. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 1: 390. 1893; Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 363. 1901; Dunn in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 181. 1915; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 205: 1929; Marquand in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 48: 218. 1929; Rehd. et Kobuski in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: 31. 1933; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 923. 1936; Kitagawa, Linearn. Fl. Mansh. 379. 1939; Walkez in U. S. Nat. Herb. 28: 656. 1941.
草本。茎直立，通常高20-60厘米，有时可达1米，多少分枝，粗壮，钝四棱形，具槽，在节上加粗但在干时则明显收缢，此处密被多节长刚毛，节间其余部分混生下向具节长刚毛及贴生的短柔毛，在茎上部间或尚混杂腺毛。茎叶卵圆状披针形或披针形，通常长3-8.5厘米，宽1.5-4厘米，先端锐尖或渐尖，基部渐狭至宽楔形，边缘有规则的圆齿状锯齿，上面贴生具节刚毛，下而疏生微柔毛，间夹有腺点，侧脉6-8对，上面不明显，下面突出；叶柄长1-2.5厘米，腹平背凸，被短柔毛。轮伞花序腋生，多花密集；小苞片线形至披针形，长3-6毫米，基部稍膜质，先端刺尖，边缘有刚毛。花萼管状钟形，连齿长约1厘米，外面有平伸的刚毛，内面被微柔毛，齿5，近等大，长约5毫米，与萼筒近等长，长三角形，先端为长刺状。花冠白、黄或粉紫红色，长约1.4厘米，冠筒漏斗状，喉部增大，长8毫米，冠檐二唇形，上唇卵圆形，先端钝，具不等的数齿，外被刚毛，下唇3裂，中裂片长圆形，宽度与侧裂片近相等，约2毫米宽，先端明显微凹，紫纹直达边缘，基部略收缩，侧裂片长圆形，全缘。雄蕊4，均延伸至上唇片之下，花丝丝状，下部被小疏毛，花药卵圆形，2室，二瓣横裂，内瓣较小，具纤毛。花柱先端近相等2裂。花盘前方呈指状增大。子房无毛，褐色。小坚果倒卵状三棱形，褐色，有秕鳞。花期7-9月，果期9月。
产黑龙江，吉林，内蒙古，山西，陕西，甘肃，青海，湖北西部，四川西部，贵州西北部，云南西北部及东北部，西藏等地；为一欧亚广布的杂草，生于林缘、路旁、田边、灌丛、草地等空旷处，在我国西南山区，可生长至海拔4000米。斯堪的纳维亚半岛南部，中欧各国，苏联，蒙古，朝鲜，日本以及北美也有。模式标本采自西德。
据报道种子富含脂肪油，含油率40.0-50.1%，油的比重（150°C）0.9368，折射率（200°C）1.4794，碱化值194.2-195.4，碘值131.1-159.8-161.0，酸值2.3-4.0,适于工业用。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 17 (1994)
Galeopsis bifida Boenninghausen
鼬瓣花 you ban hua
Galeopsis bifida var. emarginata Nakai; G. tetrahit Linnaeus var. bifida (Boenninghausen) Kudo; G. tetrahit var. parviflora Bentham.
Stems erect, 20-60(-100) cm tall, robust; nodes enlarged when fresh, shrivelled when dry, bristly; internodes bristly, appressed pubescent, apically sometimes also glandular pubescent. Petiole 1-2.5 cm, pubescent; stem leaf blades ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3-8.5 × 1.5-4 cm, adaxially appressed bristly, abaxially sparsely puberulent, glandular, base attenuate to broadly cuneate, margin crenate-serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Verticillasters solitary, crowded; bracts linear to lanceolate, 3-6 mm, base ± membranous, margin bristly, apex spinescent. Calyx ca. 1 cm, spreading bristly outside, puberulent inside; teeth subequal, almost as long as tube, narrowly triangular, apex long spinescent. Corolla white and/or yellow, rarely purplish red, ca. 1.4 cm, tube ca. 8 mm; upper lip obtuse, margin denticulate, bristly; middle lobe of lower lip oblong, ca. 2 mm wide, emarginate, purple spotted to margin, slightly constricted at base; lateral lobes oblong, entire, slightly wider than middle lobe. Filaments pubescent toward base. Nutlets brown, obovoid, triquetrous, scaly. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep.
Forest margins, roadsides, field margins, grasslands, waste areas, open thickets; 0-4000 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe, North America].
A widespread weed.