小灯心草Juncus bufonius Linn.
小灯心草Juncus bufonius Linn.
15.小灯心草（东北植物检索表）图版39：8-11
Juncus bufonius Linn. Sp. Pl. 328. 1753: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 392. 1894; Buchen. in Bot. Jahrb. 12: 174. 1890 et in Engl. , Pflanzenr. 25 (IV. 36) : 105. 1906; N. E. Brown in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 162. 1903; V. Krecz. et Gontsch. in Kom. Fl. URSS. 3: 517. 1935; G. Sam. in Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1229 1936; Satake in Nov. Fl. Jap. Juncac. 48. 1938; Liou et al. Clav. Pl. Chin. Bor. -Orient. 562. 1959; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 274. 1956; 东北植物检索表562. 1959; Satake in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 2:163. 1971; 秦岭植物志1 (1): 303. 图273. 1976; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 410. 图7649. 1976; S. Snogerup in Tutin, Fl. Europ. 5: 107. 1980.
一年生草本，高4-20（-30）厘米，有多数细弱、浅褐色须根。茎丛生，细弱，直立或斜升，有时稍下弯，基部常红褐色。叶基生和茎生；茎生叶常1枚；叶片线形，扁平，长1-13厘米，宽约1毫米，顶端尖；叶鞘具膜质边缘，无叶耳。花序呈二歧聚伞状，或排列成圆锥状，生于茎顶，约占整个植株的1/4到4/5，花序分枝细弱而微弯；叶状总苞片长1-9厘米，常短于花序；花排列疏松，很少密集，具花梗和小苞片；小苞片2-3枚，三角状卵形，膜质，长1.3-2.5毫米，宽1.2-2.2毫米；花被片披针形，外轮者长3.2-6毫米，宽1-1.8毫米，背部中间绿色，边缘宽膜质，白色，顶端锐尖，内轮者稍短，几乎全为膜质，顶端稍尖；雄蕊6枚，长为花被的1/3到1/2；花药长圆形，淡黄色；花丝丝状；雌蕊具短花柱；柱头3，外向弯曲，长0.5-0.8毫米。蒴果三棱状椭圆形，黄褐色，长3-4（-5）毫米，顶端稍钝，3室。种子椭圆形，两端细尖，黄褐色，有纵纹，长0.4-0.6毫米。花常闭花受精。染色体2n=100-110。花期5-7月，果期6-9月。
产东北、华北、西北、华东及西南地区。生于海拔160-3 200米的湿草地、湖岸、河边、沼泽地。朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯西伯利亚、中亚、欧洲和北美也有分布。
本种在植株高矮、叶片长度、花排列疏密程度等方面的变化较大。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 24 (2000)
Juncus bufonius Linnaeus
小灯心草 xiao deng xin cao
Plants annual, 4--20(--30) cm tall. Stems usually many, erect or ascending, usually weak, base often reddish brown. Leaves basal and cauline; leaf sheath often swollen basally, margin hyaline; leaf blade flat, 1--13 cm × ca. 1 mm, margin often slightly convolute. Inflorescences usually lax, 1/4--4/5 × plant height; branches few, ascending, somewhat arcuate, usually weak, few flowered. Flowers subterminal, remote, appressed to subappressed; involucral bract leaflike. Bracteoles 2 or 3, 1.3--2.5 × 1.2--2.2 mm. Perianth segments lanceolate; outer segments 4.25--5.5 × 1--1.8 mm, center green, margin broadly white membranous, apex sharply pointed; inner segments 4--5 mm, often mostly membranous, apex acute. Stamens 6, 1/3--1/2 as long as perianth; filaments 0.8--1.2 mm; anthers 0.5--0.8 mm. Style absent; stigmas ca. 0.5 mm. Capsule ovoid to subellipsoid, 3--4(--5) mm, 3-loculed, apex slightly obtuse. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.4--0.6 mm, striate, base and apex usually apiculate. Fl. May--Jul, fr. Jun--Sep. 2 n = 100, 110.
Wet grasslands, swamps, lakesides, river banks, streamsides; 100--3500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; SW Asia, Europe, North and South America].
别名：toad rush;灯心草;小灯芯草;小花灯心草;蟾蜍草;秧草;灯芯草;莫乐黑音－高乐－额布苏;水灯草;野灯草;灯草;鳞茎灯心草;大花灯心草;
科名：灯心草科 Juncaceae
属名：灯心草属 Juncus
15.小灯心草（东北植物检索表）图版39：8-11
Juncus bufonius Linn. Sp. Pl. 328. 1753: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 392. 1894; Buchen. in Bot. Jahrb. 12: 174. 1890 et in Engl. , Pflanzenr. 25 (IV. 36) : 105. 1906; N. E. Brown in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 162. 1903; V. Krecz. et Gontsch. in Kom. Fl. URSS. 3: 517. 1935; G. Sam. in Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1229 1936; Satake in Nov. Fl. Jap. Juncac. 48. 1938; Liou et al. Clav. Pl. Chin. Bor. -Orient. 562. 1959; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 274. 1956; 东北植物检索表562. 1959; Satake in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 2:163. 1971; 秦岭植物志1 (1): 303. 图273. 1976; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 410. 图7649. 1976; S. Snogerup in Tutin, Fl. Europ. 5: 107. 1980.
一年生草本，高4-20（-30）厘米，有多数细弱、浅褐色须根。茎丛生，细弱，直立或斜升，有时稍下弯，基部常红褐色。叶基生和茎生；茎生叶常1枚；叶片线形，扁平，长1-13厘米，宽约1毫米，顶端尖；叶鞘具膜质边缘，无叶耳。花序呈二歧聚伞状，或排列成圆锥状，生于茎顶，约占整个植株的1/4到4/5，花序分枝细弱而微弯；叶状总苞片长1-9厘米，常短于花序；花排列疏松，很少密集，具花梗和小苞片；小苞片2-3枚，三角状卵形，膜质，长1.3-2.5毫米，宽1.2-2.2毫米；花被片披针形，外轮者长3.2-6毫米，宽1-1.8毫米，背部中间绿色，边缘宽膜质，白色，顶端锐尖，内轮者稍短，几乎全为膜质，顶端稍尖；雄蕊6枚，长为花被的1/3到1/2；花药长圆形，淡黄色；花丝丝状；雌蕊具短花柱；柱头3，外向弯曲，长0.5-0.8毫米。蒴果三棱状椭圆形，黄褐色，长3-4（-5）毫米，顶端稍钝，3室。种子椭圆形，两端细尖，黄褐色，有纵纹，长0.4-0.6毫米。花常闭花受精。染色体2n=100-110。花期5-7月，果期6-9月。
产东北、华北、西北、华东及西南地区。生于海拔160-3 200米的湿草地、湖岸、河边、沼泽地。朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯西伯利亚、中亚、欧洲和北美也有分布。
本种在植株高矮、叶片长度、花排列疏密程度等方面的变化较大。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 24 (2000)
Juncus bufonius Linnaeus
小灯心草 xiao deng xin cao
Plants annual, 4--20(--30) cm tall. Stems usually many, erect or ascending, usually weak, base often reddish brown. Leaves basal and cauline; leaf sheath often swollen basally, margin hyaline; leaf blade flat, 1--13 cm × ca. 1 mm, margin often slightly convolute. Inflorescences usually lax, 1/4--4/5 × plant height; branches few, ascending, somewhat arcuate, usually weak, few flowered. Flowers subterminal, remote, appressed to subappressed; involucral bract leaflike. Bracteoles 2 or 3, 1.3--2.5 × 1.2--2.2 mm. Perianth segments lanceolate; outer segments 4.25--5.5 × 1--1.8 mm, center green, margin broadly white membranous, apex sharply pointed; inner segments 4--5 mm, often mostly membranous, apex acute. Stamens 6, 1/3--1/2 as long as perianth; filaments 0.8--1.2 mm; anthers 0.5--0.8 mm. Style absent; stigmas ca. 0.5 mm. Capsule ovoid to subellipsoid, 3--4(--5) mm, 3-loculed, apex slightly obtuse. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.4--0.6 mm, striate, base and apex usually apiculate. Fl. May--Jul, fr. Jun--Sep. 2 n = 100, 110.
Wet grasslands, swamps, lakesides, river banks, streamsides; 100--3500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; SW Asia, Europe, North and South America].