野八角Illicium simonsii Maxim.
野八角Illicium simonsii Maxim.
9. 野八角（云南经济植物） 图版58：1-6
Illicium simonsii Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 32: 480. 1888; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3: 201. pl. 39, B. 1891; A. C. Smith in Sargentia 7: 22. fig. 6. i-l. 1947; 湖北植物志1: 433. fig. 611. 19?6; 中国树木志1: 511. 1983. ——I. griffthii var. yunnanense Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 383. 1886; et Pl. Delav. 32. 1889; Matsuda in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 21: 243. 1907. ——I. yunnanense Franch.ex Finet et Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: Mem. 4: 29. 1905 (repr. Contr.Fl. As. Or. 2: 29. 1907; ) Levl. Cat. Pl. Yun-nan 174. 1916; Wils. in Journ. Arn.Arb. 7: 238. 1926; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 245. 1931. ——I. fargesii Finet Fl. As. Or. 2: 29. 1907) ; Levl. Cat. Pl. Yun-nan 174. 1916; Chien, Ic. Chin. For. Trees 1: pl. 25. 1937.
乔木，高达9米，少数可达15米；幼枝带褐绿色，稍具棱，老枝变灰色；芽卵形或尖卵形，外芽鳞明显具棱。叶近对生或互生，有时3-5片聚生，革质，披针形至椭圆形，或长圆状椭圆形，通常长5-10厘米，宽1.5-3.5厘米，先端急尖或短渐尖，基部渐狭楔形，下延至叶柄成窄翅；干时上面暗绿色，下面灰绿色或浅棕色；中脉在叶面凹下，至叶柄成狭沟，侧脉常不明显；叶柄长7-20毫米，在上面下凹成沟状。花有香气，淡黄色，芳香，有时为奶油色或白色，很少为粉红色，腋生，常密集于枝顶端聚生；花梗极短，在盛开时长2-8毫米，直径1.5-2毫米；花被片18-23片，很少26片，最外面的2-5片，薄纸质，椭圆状长圆形，长5-11毫米，宽4-7毫米，最大的长9-15毫米，宽2-4毫米，长圆状披针形至舌状，膜质，里面的花被片渐狭，最内的几片狭舌形，长7-15毫米，宽1-3毫米；雄蕊16-28，2-3轮，长2.5-4.2毫米，花丝舌状，长1-2.2毫米，花药长圆形，长1.4-2.4毫米；心皮8-13枚，长3-4.5毫米，子房扁卵状，长1.2-2毫米，花柱钻形，长1.5-2.5毫米。果梗长5-16毫米。蓇葖8-13枚，长11-20毫米，宽6-9毫米，厚2.5-4毫米，先端具钻形尖头长3-7毫米。种子灰棕色至稻秆色，长6-7毫米，宽4-5毫米，厚2-2.5毫米。花期几乎全年，多为2-5月（少数是12-6月），果期6-10月。
产于四川西南部（西昌、会理、普格）、贵州西部和云南西北、东北部、中部。生于海拔1 700-3 200 (-4 000)米杂木林、灌丛中或开阔处，常生于山谷、溪流、沿江两岸潮湿处。也有成片纯林的。缅甸北部和印度东北部也有分布。
果、叶、花均有毒。四川米易县群众将叶晒干碾碎，放入肉中，可毒死豹子等野兽。有人将叶当烟叶吃也中毒。四川盐边县用叶毒虱子。叶、果含芳香油，鲜果出油率0.24％，但不能食用，切勿与八角茴香油相混淆，以免中毒。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Illicium simonsii Maximowicz Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3. 32: 480. 1888.
野八角 ye ba jiao
Illicium fargesii Finet & Gagnepain; I. fargesii subsp. szechuanense (W. C. Cheng) Q. Lin; I. fargesii var. szechuanense (W. C. Cheng) Q. Lin; I. griffithii J. D. Hooker & Thomson var. yunnanense Franchet; I. jiadifengpi B. N. Chang var. szechuanense (W. C. Cheng) Y. W. Law & B. N. Chang; I. szechuanense W. C. Cheng; I. yunnanense (Franchet) Franchet ex Finet & Gagnepain.
Trees to 9(-15) m tall. Perules ovate to lanceolate, largest 4-10 mm. Leaves in clusters of 3-5 at distal nodes; petiole 0.7-2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic, 5-10 × 1.5-3.5 cm, leathery, midvein adaxially impressed, secondary veins 6-10(-12) on each side of midvein, abaxially slightly prominent, and adaxially flat or slightly prominent, base attenuate to cuneate and decurrent along petiole, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Flowers axillary or subterminal. Flower peduncle 2-8 mm. Tepals 18-23(-26), pale yellow, sometimes creamy or white, or rarely pink, elliptic-oblong (outer), oblong-lanceolate to tonguelike (largest), or tonguelike (inner), 5-11 × 4-7 mm (outer), 9-15 × 2-4 mm (largest), 7-15 × 1-3 mm (inner), thinly papery (outer) to membranous (middle). Stamens 16-28, 2.5-4.2 mm; filaments 1-2.2 mm; connectives rounded to shortly cuspidate; anthers 1.4-2.4 mm; pollen grains tricolpate. Carpels 8-13, 3-4.5 mm; ovary 1.2-2 mm; style 1.5-2.5 mm. Fruit peduncle 0.5-1.6 cm. Fruit with 8-13 follicles; follicles 11-20 × 6-9 × 2-4 mm. Seeds 6-7 × 4-5 × 2-2.5 mm. Fl. nearly all year but mostly Feb-May, fr. Jun-Oct.
Thickets, forests, open fields, ravines, along rivers, wet places; 1700-3200(-4000) m. W Guizhou, SW Sichuan, Yunnan [NE India, N Myanmar].
The leaves, flowers, and fruit are very poisonous.The leaves, flowers, and fruit are very poisonous.
别名：臭八角;八角果;川茴香;断肠草;莽草;山八角;土大香;西南八角茴香;野茴香;土八角;地八角;云南八角;
科名：八角科 Illiciaceae
属名：八角属 Illicium
9. 野八角（云南经济植物） 图版58：1-6
Illicium simonsii Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 32: 480. 1888; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3: 201. pl. 39, B. 1891; A. C. Smith in Sargentia 7: 22. fig. 6. i-l. 1947; 湖北植物志1: 433. fig. 611. 19?6; 中国树木志1: 511. 1983. ——I. griffthii var. yunnanense Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 383. 1886; et Pl. Delav. 32. 1889; Matsuda in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 21: 243. 1907. ——I. yunnanense Franch.ex Finet et Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: Mem. 4: 29. 1905 (repr. Contr.Fl. As. Or. 2: 29. 1907; ) Levl. Cat. Pl. Yun-nan 174. 1916; Wils. in Journ. Arn.Arb. 7: 238. 1926; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 245. 1931. ——I. fargesii Finet Fl. As. Or. 2: 29. 1907) ; Levl. Cat. Pl. Yun-nan 174. 1916; Chien, Ic. Chin. For. Trees 1: pl. 25. 1937.
乔木，高达9米，少数可达15米；幼枝带褐绿色，稍具棱，老枝变灰色；芽卵形或尖卵形，外芽鳞明显具棱。叶近对生或互生，有时3-5片聚生，革质，披针形至椭圆形，或长圆状椭圆形，通常长5-10厘米，宽1.5-3.5厘米，先端急尖或短渐尖，基部渐狭楔形，下延至叶柄成窄翅；干时上面暗绿色，下面灰绿色或浅棕色；中脉在叶面凹下，至叶柄成狭沟，侧脉常不明显；叶柄长7-20毫米，在上面下凹成沟状。花有香气，淡黄色，芳香，有时为奶油色或白色，很少为粉红色，腋生，常密集于枝顶端聚生；花梗极短，在盛开时长2-8毫米，直径1.5-2毫米；花被片18-23片，很少26片，最外面的2-5片，薄纸质，椭圆状长圆形，长5-11毫米，宽4-7毫米，最大的长9-15毫米，宽2-4毫米，长圆状披针形至舌状，膜质，里面的花被片渐狭，最内的几片狭舌形，长7-15毫米，宽1-3毫米；雄蕊16-28，2-3轮，长2.5-4.2毫米，花丝舌状，长1-2.2毫米，花药长圆形，长1.4-2.4毫米；心皮8-13枚，长3-4.5毫米，子房扁卵状，长1.2-2毫米，花柱钻形，长1.5-2.5毫米。果梗长5-16毫米。蓇葖8-13枚，长11-20毫米，宽6-9毫米，厚2.5-4毫米，先端具钻形尖头长3-7毫米。种子灰棕色至稻秆色，长6-7毫米，宽4-5毫米，厚2-2.5毫米。花期几乎全年，多为2-5月（少数是12-6月），果期6-10月。
产于四川西南部（西昌、会理、普格）、贵州西部和云南西北、东北部、中部。生于海拔1 700-3 200 (-4 000)米杂木林、灌丛中或开阔处，常生于山谷、溪流、沿江两岸潮湿处。也有成片纯林的。缅甸北部和印度东北部也有分布。
果、叶、花均有毒。四川米易县群众将叶晒干碾碎，放入肉中，可毒死豹子等野兽。有人将叶当烟叶吃也中毒。四川盐边县用叶毒虱子。叶、果含芳香油，鲜果出油率0.24％，但不能食用，切勿与八角茴香油相混淆，以免中毒。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Illicium simonsii Maximowicz Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3. 32: 480. 1888.
野八角 ye ba jiao
Illicium fargesii Finet & Gagnepain; I. fargesii subsp. szechuanense (W. C. Cheng) Q. Lin; I. fargesii var. szechuanense (W. C. Cheng) Q. Lin; I. griffithii J. D. Hooker & Thomson var. yunnanense Franchet; I. jiadifengpi B. N. Chang var. szechuanense (W. C. Cheng) Y. W. Law & B. N. Chang; I. szechuanense W. C. Cheng; I. yunnanense (Franchet) Franchet ex Finet & Gagnepain.
Trees to 9(-15) m tall. Perules ovate to lanceolate, largest 4-10 mm. Leaves in clusters of 3-5 at distal nodes; petiole 0.7-2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic, 5-10 × 1.5-3.5 cm, leathery, midvein adaxially impressed, secondary veins 6-10(-12) on each side of midvein, abaxially slightly prominent, and adaxially flat or slightly prominent, base attenuate to cuneate and decurrent along petiole, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Flowers axillary or subterminal. Flower peduncle 2-8 mm. Tepals 18-23(-26), pale yellow, sometimes creamy or white, or rarely pink, elliptic-oblong (outer), oblong-lanceolate to tonguelike (largest), or tonguelike (inner), 5-11 × 4-7 mm (outer), 9-15 × 2-4 mm (largest), 7-15 × 1-3 mm (inner), thinly papery (outer) to membranous (middle). Stamens 16-28, 2.5-4.2 mm; filaments 1-2.2 mm; connectives rounded to shortly cuspidate; anthers 1.4-2.4 mm; pollen grains tricolpate. Carpels 8-13, 3-4.5 mm; ovary 1.2-2 mm; style 1.5-2.5 mm. Fruit peduncle 0.5-1.6 cm. Fruit with 8-13 follicles; follicles 11-20 × 6-9 × 2-4 mm. Seeds 6-7 × 4-5 × 2-2.5 mm. Fl. nearly all year but mostly Feb-May, fr. Jun-Oct.
Thickets, forests, open fields, ravines, along rivers, wet places; 1700-3200(-4000) m. W Guizhou, SW Sichuan, Yunnan [NE India, N Myanmar].
The leaves, flowers, and fruit are very poisonous.The leaves, flowers, and fruit are very poisonous.