琼榄Gonocaryum lobbianum (Miers) Kurz
琼榄Gonocaryum lobbianum (Miers) Kurz
1.琼榄 黄蒂、金蒂（海南），黄柄木 图版10: 9-10
Gonocaryum lobbianum (Miers) Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 39, II: 72. 1870; Pierre, Fl. For. Cochinch. in obs. sub t. 268. 1892; Craib, Fl. Siam. En. 1: 2 74. 1926; Sleum. in Engl. et Prantl, ed II /20b; 355. 1942, et in Blumea 17: 215. 1969; 云南植物志1: 165, 图39, 9-10. 1977. ——Platea lobbiana Miers. in Ann. Mag. Na t. Hist. II, 10: lll, repr. Contr. Bot. 1: 97, t. 17. 1852; ——G. maclurei Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sc. 21: 348. 1922; Chun et How in Act. Phytotax. Sin 7: 59, f. 5. 1958;海南植物志2: 448,图510. 1965;中国高等植物图鉴2: 694,图3117. 1972.
灌木或小乔木，高1.5-8 (-10 )米；树皮灰色；小枝无毛，淡榄绿色至淡灰褐色。叶革质，长椭圆形至阔椭圆形，长9-20(-25)厘米，宽4-10（-14厘米，先端骤然渐尖，基部阔楔形或近圆形而一侧偏斜，表面深绿色具光泽，背面绿色，干后榄绿色而背面稍淡，两面无毛，中脉在表面明显而略凹，在背面显著隆起，侧脉5-6 (-9)对，表面稍隆起，背面隆起，网脉细而不明显；叶柄粗壮，长1 2厘米。花杂性异株，雄花排列成腋生密集、间断的短穗状花序，雌花和两性花少数，于短花序柄上排列成总状花序。雄花具短梗，长7-8毫米，萼片5，长约2毫米，阔椭圆形，仅近基部连合，裂片镊合状排列，具缘毛；花冠管状，长约6毫米，白色，无毛，稍肉质，5裂片呈三角形，边缘内弯，雄蕊5，着生于花冠管上，花丝长约3-4毫米，花药卵形，长约1.5毫米；退化子房长约2.5毫米，被短柔毛；花盘环状。雌花较小：萼片5，卵形，长约2.5毫米，镊合状排列；花冠管状，长约6毫米，5裂，裂片三角形；花丝长约4毫米，退化花药长约0.5毫米，子房阔卵形，无毛，花柱被毛，柱头小，3裂；花盘环状。核果椭圆形至长椭圆形，长3-4.5(-6)厘米，径1.8-2.5厘米，由绿色转紫黑色，干时有纵肋，顶端具短喙。花期1-4月，果期3-10月。
产广东海南、云南。生于海拔500-1800米的山谷密林中，少见。缅甸、泰国、越南、柬埔寨、老挝、马来半岛及印度尼西亚也有分布。
种子油可供制皂及润滑油。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Gonocaryum lobbianum (Miers) kurz
琼榄 qiong lan
Platea lobbiana Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 10: 110. 1852; Gonocaryum maclurei Merrill.
Shrubs or small trees, 1.5-8(-10) m tall. Bark gray; branchlets light olive green to light gray-brown, glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm, stout; leaf blade shiny, olive green when dry, abaxially slightly light green and adaxially dark green when fresh, narrowly to broadly elliptic, 9-20(-25) × 4-10(-14) cm, leathery, glabrous, midvein abaxially conspicuously prominent, flat, adaxially conspicuous, slightly concave, lateral veins 5 or 6(-9) pairs, abaxially prominent, adaxially slightly prominent, reticulate veins inconspicuous, slender, base broadly cuneate or subrounded to oblique on one side. Plants polygamo-dioecious. Staminate flowers in dense interrupted short spikes, 7-8 mm, with short pedicel; sepals 5, broadly elliptic, ca. 2 mm, valvate, connate only at base, margin ciliate; corolla white, tubular, ca. 6 mm, slightly fleshy, glabrous, with 5 triangular lobes; lobes incurved; stamens 5, on corolla tube, filaments 3-4 mm; anthers ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm; ovary ca. 2.5 mm, pubescent. Pistillate or bisexual flowers few, in racemes on short peduncles; calyx lobes 5, ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, valvate; corolla tubular, ca. 6 mm, 5-lobed, lobes triangular; filaments ca. 4 mm; anthers ca. 0.5 mm; ovary broadly ovoid, glabrous; style hairy; stigma small, 3-lobed. Drupe changing from green to purple-black, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 3-4.5(-6) × 1.8-2.5 cm, with longitudinal ribs when dry, apex with a short mucro; exocarp 3-4 mm thick. Fl. Jan-Apr, fr. Mar-Oct.
Dense valley forests; 500-1800 m. Hainan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
This is a rare species. The seed oil is used for making soap and lubricating oil.
别名：黄蒂;黄柄木;金蒂;黄金果;
科名：茶茱萸科 Icacinaceae
属名：琼榄属 Gonocaryum
1.琼榄 黄蒂、金蒂（海南），黄柄木 图版10: 9-10
Gonocaryum lobbianum (Miers) Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 39, II: 72. 1870; Pierre, Fl. For. Cochinch. in obs. sub t. 268. 1892; Craib, Fl. Siam. En. 1: 2 74. 1926; Sleum. in Engl. et Prantl, ed II /20b; 355. 1942, et in Blumea 17: 215. 1969; 云南植物志1: 165, 图39, 9-10. 1977. ——Platea lobbiana Miers. in Ann. Mag. Na t. Hist. II, 10: lll, repr. Contr. Bot. 1: 97, t. 17. 1852; ——G. maclurei Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sc. 21: 348. 1922; Chun et How in Act. Phytotax. Sin 7: 59, f. 5. 1958;海南植物志2: 448,图510. 1965;中国高等植物图鉴2: 694,图3117. 1972.
灌木或小乔木，高1.5-8 (-10 )米；树皮灰色；小枝无毛，淡榄绿色至淡灰褐色。叶革质，长椭圆形至阔椭圆形，长9-20(-25)厘米，宽4-10（-14厘米，先端骤然渐尖，基部阔楔形或近圆形而一侧偏斜，表面深绿色具光泽，背面绿色，干后榄绿色而背面稍淡，两面无毛，中脉在表面明显而略凹，在背面显著隆起，侧脉5-6 (-9)对，表面稍隆起，背面隆起，网脉细而不明显；叶柄粗壮，长1 2厘米。花杂性异株，雄花排列成腋生密集、间断的短穗状花序，雌花和两性花少数，于短花序柄上排列成总状花序。雄花具短梗，长7-8毫米，萼片5，长约2毫米，阔椭圆形，仅近基部连合，裂片镊合状排列，具缘毛；花冠管状，长约6毫米，白色，无毛，稍肉质，5裂片呈三角形，边缘内弯，雄蕊5，着生于花冠管上，花丝长约3-4毫米，花药卵形，长约1.5毫米；退化子房长约2.5毫米，被短柔毛；花盘环状。雌花较小：萼片5，卵形，长约2.5毫米，镊合状排列；花冠管状，长约6毫米，5裂，裂片三角形；花丝长约4毫米，退化花药长约0.5毫米，子房阔卵形，无毛，花柱被毛，柱头小，3裂；花盘环状。核果椭圆形至长椭圆形，长3-4.5(-6)厘米，径1.8-2.5厘米，由绿色转紫黑色，干时有纵肋，顶端具短喙。花期1-4月，果期3-10月。
产广东海南、云南。生于海拔500-1800米的山谷密林中，少见。缅甸、泰国、越南、柬埔寨、老挝、马来半岛及印度尼西亚也有分布。
种子油可供制皂及润滑油。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Gonocaryum lobbianum (Miers) kurz
琼榄 qiong lan
Platea lobbiana Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 10: 110. 1852; Gonocaryum maclurei Merrill.
Shrubs or small trees, 1.5-8(-10) m tall. Bark gray; branchlets light olive green to light gray-brown, glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm, stout; leaf blade shiny, olive green when dry, abaxially slightly light green and adaxially dark green when fresh, narrowly to broadly elliptic, 9-20(-25) × 4-10(-14) cm, leathery, glabrous, midvein abaxially conspicuously prominent, flat, adaxially conspicuous, slightly concave, lateral veins 5 or 6(-9) pairs, abaxially prominent, adaxially slightly prominent, reticulate veins inconspicuous, slender, base broadly cuneate or subrounded to oblique on one side. Plants polygamo-dioecious. Staminate flowers in dense interrupted short spikes, 7-8 mm, with short pedicel; sepals 5, broadly elliptic, ca. 2 mm, valvate, connate only at base, margin ciliate; corolla white, tubular, ca. 6 mm, slightly fleshy, glabrous, with 5 triangular lobes; lobes incurved; stamens 5, on corolla tube, filaments 3-4 mm; anthers ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm; ovary ca. 2.5 mm, pubescent. Pistillate or bisexual flowers few, in racemes on short peduncles; calyx lobes 5, ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, valvate; corolla tubular, ca. 6 mm, 5-lobed, lobes triangular; filaments ca. 4 mm; anthers ca. 0.5 mm; ovary broadly ovoid, glabrous; style hairy; stigma small, 3-lobed. Drupe changing from green to purple-black, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 3-4.5(-6) × 1.8-2.5 cm, with longitudinal ribs when dry, apex with a short mucro; exocarp 3-4 mm thick. Fl. Jan-Apr, fr. Mar-Oct.
Dense valley forests; 500-1800 m. Hainan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
This is a rare species. The seed oil is used for making soap and lubricating oil.