栏目

岭南山竹子Garcinia oblongifolia Champ. ex Benth.

岭南山竹子Garcinia oblongifolia Champ. ex Benth.

别名:粘牙仔;岭南倒稔子;竹节果;严芽桔;蜡蒙;鸠酸;金赏;黄牙树;黄牙橘;岭南倒棯子;红山竹梨;黄牙果;长叶山竹子;岭南倒捻子;麦芽仔;黄牙桔;罗楝子;染牙果;冬竹子;山竹桔树;竹橘;酸桐木;赤过;黄芽果;龙檬果;山竹;山林琴;山竹子;木竹果;蒙龙果;罗蒙树;水竹果;海南山竹子;

科名:藤黄科 Guttiferae

属名:藤黄属 Garcinia

《中国植物志》第50(2)卷105页
  14.岭南山竹子(海南植物志)海南山竹子(广州植物志),岭南倒捻子(中国树木分类学),金赏,罗蒙树、酸桐木、黄牙桔、严芽桔、竹节果(广东),黄牙树(香港),赤过,麦芽仔、鸠酸、山竹子、粘牙仔(海南)
  Garcinia oblongifolia Champ. ex Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 331. 1851; Planck. et Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, 14: 359. 1860: Benth., Fl. Hongk. 25. 1860; Vesque in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. 448. 1893: Merr. In Journ. Sci. Lingn. 5: 130. 1927; Gagnep. in Humb. Suppl. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 263. 1973: 广州植物志229, 图109. 1956; 中国树木分类学846. 1960; 海南植物志2: 55.1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 884.图3497.1972.
  乔木或灌木,高5-15米,胸径可达30厘米;树皮深灰色。老枝通常具断环纹。叶片近革质,长圆形,倒卵状长圆形至倒披针形,长5-10厘米,宽2-3.5厘米,顶端急尖或钝,基部楔形,干时边缘反卷,中脉在上面微隆起,侧脉10-18对;叶柄长约1厘米。花小,直径约3毫米,单性,异株,单生或成伞形状聚伞花序,花梗长3-7毫米。雄花萼片等大,近圆形,长3-5毫米;花瓣橙黄色或淡黄色,倒卵状长圆形,长7-9毫米;雄蕊多数,合生成1束,花药聚生成头状,无退化雌蕊。雌花的萼片、花瓣与雄花相似;退化雄蕊合生成4束,短于雌蕊;子房卵球形,8-10室,无花柱,柱头盾形,隆起,辐射状分裂,上面具乳头状瘤突。浆果卵球形或圆球形,长2-4厘米,直径2-3.5厘米,基部萼片宿存,顶端承以隆起的柱头。花期4-5月,果期10-12月。
  产广东、广西。生于平地、丘陵、沟谷密林或疏林中,海拔200-400 (-1200米。越南北部也有分布。模式标本采自香港。
  果可食,种子含油量60.7% ,种仁含油量70% ,可作工业用油;木材可制家俱和工艺品;树皮含单宁3-8% ,供提制栲胶。
种中文名:岭南山竹子
种拉丁名:Garcinia oblongifolia Champ. ex Benth.
中国植物志:50(2):105
种别名  :
地理分布:产广东、广西。
毒   性:果、树皮有小毒[17]。
属中文名:藤黄属
属拉丁名:Garcinia
科中文名:藤黄科
科拉丁名:Guttiferae
本科概述:本科约50属1300种,主产热带地区。我国约有7属70余种,主要分布在东南至西南部。本科植物具有一定经济价值,所含鞣质可提制栲胶,树脂可供药用。有毒植物主要在金丝桃属(HypericumL.),该属贯叶连翘等植物具有特异的光敏毒性,主要是由于含红色荧光色素——金丝桃素(hypericin)(41—1),能使白色羊对光线过度敏感而引起炎症[1]。国外产藤黄(GarciniamorellaDes)树脂有毒,误服大量可因脱水休克而死亡[2,3]。其他尚含挥发油、皂素等成分。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Garcinia oblongifolia  Champion ex Bentham
岭南山竹子   ling nan shan zhu zi
Trees or shrubs, 5-15 m tall, to 30 cm in diam. Bark dark gray. Branchlets usually with interrupted rings. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade oblong, obovate-oblong to oblanceolate, 5-10 × 2-3.5 cm, subleathery, midvein slightly raised adaxially, secondary veins 10-18 pairs, tertiary veins reticulate, base cuneate, margin reflexed, apex acute or obtuse. Plant dioecious; flowers solitary or in an umbel-like cyme; pedicels 3-7 mm. Male flowers: sepals suborbicular, equal, 3-5 mm; petals orange or yellowish, obovate-oblong, 7-9 mm; stamen fascicles not evident; anthers aggregated into a head, 2-celled, cells longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode absent. Female flowers: sepals and petals similar to those of males; staminode fascicles free, shorter than pistil; ovary ovoid, 8-10-loculed; style absent; stigma peltate, convex, radiately 8-10-lobed, papillate. Fruit ovoid or globose, 2-4 × 2-3.5 cm, subtended by persistent sepals at base and crowned by convex stigma. Seeds 1. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Dec.
● Dense or sparse forests on plains, hills, or in valleys; 200-400 (-1200) m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan.
The fruit is edible. The seeds yield ca. 60% oil (seed pulp up to 70% oil). The oil is used as a lubricant and for manufacturing soap. The timber is used for making furniture and woodcuts. The bark contains 3%-8% tannin.

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