玉蜀黍Zea mays Linn.

别名：玉米;包谷;包芦;棒子;包谷毛;包谷须;包麦米;包米;包蜀;包粟;苞谷;苞芦;苞米;额尔敦尼;番麦;芳麦;考聋;老玉米;六谷;蜀米;蜀黍须;粟米;西喜;玉茭;玉麦;玉麦胡子;玉麦须;玉米须;玉蜀黍须;玉籽;御麦;珍珠米;

科名：禾本科 Gramineae

属名：玉蜀黍属 Zea

《中国植物志》第10(2)卷287页
  1.玉蜀黍（本草纲目）玉米（盛京通志），包谷（思州府志），珍珠米（华英字典），苞芦（种子植物名称）图版72：1-3；80：4
  Zea mays Linn. Sp. Pl. 971. 1753; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 19. 1833; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 9. 1855, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 102. 1897; Reeder in Journ. Arn. Arb. 29: 379. 1948; 中国主要植物图说·禾本科851. 图799. 1959; H. B. Gill et al. Fl. Malaya 3: 304. 1969; Bor in Rech. f. Fl. Iran. 70: 552. 1970; Tzvel. Poac. URSS 711. 1976; 海南植物志4: 488. 图1272. 1978; A. Cope in Nasir Fl. Pakist. 143: 247. 1982.
  一年生高大草本。秆直立，通常不分枝，高1-4米，基部各节具气生支柱根。叶鞘具横脉；叶舌膜质，长约2毫米；叶片扁平宽大，线状披针形，基部圆形呈耳状，无毛或具疵柔毛，中脉粗壮，边缘微粗糙。顶生雄性圆锥花序大型，主轴与总状花序轴及其腋间均被细柔毛；雄性小穗孪生，长达1厘米，小穗柄一长一短，分别长1-2毫米及2-4毫米，被细柔毛；两颖近等长，膜质，约具10脉，被纤毛；外稃及内稃透明膜质，稍短于颖；花药橙黄色；长约5毫米。雌花序被多数宽大的鞘状苞片所包藏；雌小穗孪生，成16-30纵行排列于粗壮之序轴上，两颖等长，宽大，无脉，具纤毛；外稃及内稃透明膜质，雌蕊具极长而细弱的线形花柱。颖果球形或扁球形，成熟后露出颖片和稃片之外，其大小随生长条件不同产生差异，一般长5-10毫米，宽略过于其长，胚长为颖果的1/2-2/3。染色体2n=20，40，80 （Sarma et Sharma，1986；Molina，1986）。花果期秋季。
  我国各地均有栽培。全世界热带和温带地区广泛种植，为一重要谷物。
  玉米种下类群的划分，参见《禾本科植物资源》。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Zea mays  Linnaeus
玉蜀黍   yu shu shu
Culms erect, 1–4 m tall. Leaf sheaths with transverse veinlets; leaf blades 50–90 × 3–12 cm, glabrous or with tubercle-based hairs, margins scabrid, midvein stout; ligule ca. 2 mm. Female inflorescence a cylindrical "cob," with 16–30 rows of spikelets; glumes equal, veinless, margins ciliate; florets hyaline. Male inflorescence a "tassel" of many digitate racemes; spikelets 9–14 mm, unequally pedicellate, one pedicel 1–2 mm, the other 2–4 mm; glumes subequal, membranous, lower ca. 10-veined, margins ciliate, upper 7-veined; lower lemma and palea hyaline, subequal; upper lemma smaller than lower. Anthers orange, ca. 5 mm. Fl. and fr. summer–autumn. 2n = 20, 40, 80.
Widely cultivated in China [originating in America; widely cultivated elsewhere].
This plant (maize, corn) was first domesticated in Central America about 7000 years ago and is now the third most important crop in the world. The many cultivars are grown for cereal or forage, and it is also an important source of oil, syrup, and alcohol.